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Beagan DM, Cabelof AC, Pepin R, Pink M, Carta V, Caulton KG. An Integrated View of Nitrogen Oxyanion Deoxygenation in Solution Chemistry and Electrospray Ion Production. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17241-17248. [PMID: 34705459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in chemistry involving nitrogen oxyanions, largely due to the environmental hazards associated with increased concentrations of these anions leading to eutrophication and aquatic "dead zones". Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a suite of MNOx complexes (M = Co, Zn: x = 2, 3). Reductive deoxygenation of cobalt bis(nitrite) complexes with bis(boryl)pyrazine is faster for cobalt than previously reported nickel, and pendant O-bound nitrito ligand is still readily deoxygenated, despite potential implication of an isonitrosyl primary product. Deoxygenation of zinc oxyanion complexes is also facile, despite zinc being unable to stabilize a nitrosyl ligand, with liberation of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide, indicating N-N bond formation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is effective for discriminating the types of nitrogen in these molecules. ESI mass spectrometry of a suite of M(NOx)y (x = 2, 3 and y = 1, 2) shows that the primary form of ionization is loss of an oxyanion ligand, which can be alleviated via the addition of tetrabutylammonium (TBA) as a nonintuitive cation pair for the neutral oxyanion complexes. We have shown these complexes to be subject to deoxygenation, and there is evidence for nitrogen oxyanion reduction in several cases in the ESI plume. The attractive force between cation and neutral is explored experimentally and computationally and attributed to hydrogen bonding of the nitrogen oxyanion ligands with ammonium α-CH2 protons. One example of ESI-induced reductive dimerization is mimicked by bulk solution synthesis, and that product is characterized by X-ray diffraction to contain two Co(NO)2+ groups linked by a highly conjugated diazapolyene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Beagan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Alyssa C Cabelof
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Robert Pepin
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kenneth G Caulton
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Ringenberg MR. Beyond Common Metal-Metal Bonds, κ 3 -Bis(donor)ferrocenyl→Transition-Metal Interactions. Chemistry 2018; 25:2396-2406. [PMID: 30238642 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ligands with 1,1'-bis(donor)ferrocene motif are capable of a wide range of binding modes, including the trans chelation mode in which there is a Fe-M interaction (κ3 -D,Fe,D), in the form of a dative Fe→TM bond (TM=transition metal). This Minireview will explore the nature of this Fe-TM interaction thorough select examples as well as how to characterize a Fe→TM dative bond using physical, computational, and spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Ringenberg
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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Kalläne SI, Laubenstein R, Braun T, Dietrich M. Activation of Si–Si and Si–H Bonds at a Platinum Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene (dppf) Complex: Key Steps for the Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Disilanes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina I. Kalläne
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Brook‐Taylor‐Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, https://www2.hu‐berlin.de/chemie/braun/
| | - Reik Laubenstein
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Brook‐Taylor‐Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, https://www2.hu‐berlin.de/chemie/braun/
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Brook‐Taylor‐Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, https://www2.hu‐berlin.de/chemie/braun/
| | - Maren Dietrich
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Brook‐Taylor‐Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, https://www2.hu‐berlin.de/chemie/braun/
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Synthesis, characterization, and fiber-optic infrared reflectance spectroelectrochemical studies of some dinitrosyl iron diphosphine complexes Fe(NO)2L2 (L = P(C6H4X)3). J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene bridging two mono(cyclopentadienyl) cobalt moieties: Synthesis, structure, electrochemistry and DFT studies. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Synthesis and characterization of [Ru(η6-C10H14)(dppf)X][PF6] (X=Cl, Br, I, SnF3) compounds: The X-ray structure of [Ru(η6-C10H14)(dppf)Cl][SnCl3]·0.45CH2Cl2. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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De La Cruz C, Sheppard N. A structure-based analysis of the vibrational spectra of nitrosyl ligands in transition-metal coordination complexes and clusters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 78:7-28. [PMID: 21123107 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The vibrational spectra of nitrogen monoxide or nitric oxide (NO) bonded to one or to several transition-metal (M) atom(s) in coordination and cluster compounds are analyzed in relation to the various types of such structures identified by diffraction methods. These structures are classified in: (a) terminal (linear and bent) nitrosyls, [M(σ-NO)] or [M(NO)]; (b) twofold nitrosyl bridges, [M2(μ2-NO)]; (c) threefold nitrosyl bridges, [M3(μ3-NO)]; (d) σ/π-dihaptonitrosyls or "side-on" nitrosyls; and (e) isonitrosyls (oxygen-bonded nitrosyls). Typical ranges for the values of internuclear N-O and M-N bond-distances and M-N-O bond-angles for linear nitrosyls are: 1.14-1.20 Å/1.60-1.90 Å/180-160° and for bent nitrosyls are 1.16-1.22 Å/1.80-2.00 Å/140-110°. The [M2(μ2-NO)] bridges have been divided into those that contain one or several metal-metal bonds and those without a formal metal/metal bond (M⋯M). Typical ranges for the M-M, N-O, M-N bond distances and M-N-M bond angles for the normal twofold NO bridges are: 2.30-3.00 Å/1.18-1.22 Å/1.80-2.00 Å/90-70°, whereas for the analogous ranges of the long twofold NO bridges these are 3.10-3.40 Å/1.20-1.24 Å/1.90-2.10 Å/130-110°. In both situations the N-O vector is approximately at right angle to the M-M (or M⋯M) vector within the experimental error; i.e. the NO group is symmetrical bonded to the two metal atoms. In contrast the threefold NO bridges can be symmetrically or unsymmetrically bonded to an M3-plane of a cluster compound. Characteristic values for the N-O and M-N bond-distances of these NO bridges are: 1.24-1.28 Å/1.80-1.90 Å, respectively. As few dihaptonitrosyl and isonitrosyl complexes are known, the structural features of these are discussed on an individual basis. The very extensive vibrational spectroscopy literature considered gives emphasis to the data from linearly bonded NO ligands in stable closed-shell metal complexes; i.e. those which are consistent with the "effective atomic number (EAN)" or "18-electron" rule. In the paucity of enough vibrational spectroscopic data from complexes with only nitrosyl ligands, it turned out to be very advantageous to use wavenumbers from the spectra of uncharged and saturated nitrosyl/carbonyl metal complexes as references, because the presence of a carbonyl ligand was found to be neutral in its effect on the ν(NO)-values. The wide wavenumber range found for the ν(NO) values of linear MNO complexes are then presented in terms of the estimated effects of net ionic charges, or of electron-withdrawing or electron-donating ligands bonded to the same metal atom. Using this approach we have found that: (a) the effect for a unit positive charge is [plus 100 cm(-1)] whereas for a unit negative charge it is [minus 145 cm(-1)]. (b) For electron-withdrawing co-ligands the estimated effects are: terminal CN [plus 50 cm(-1)]; terminal halogens [plus 30 cm(-1)]; bridging or quasi-bridging halogens [plus 15 cm(-1)]. (c) For electro donating co-ligands they are: PF3 [plus 10 cm(-1)]; P(OPh)3 [-30 cm(-1)]; P(OR)3 (R=alkyl group) [-40 cm(-1)]; PPh3 [-55 cm(-1)]; PR3 (R=alkyl group) [-70 cm(-1)]; and η5-C5H5 [-60 cm(-1)]; η5-C5H4Me [-70 cm(-1)]; η5-C5Me5 [-80 cm(-1)]. These values were mostly derived from the spectra of nitrosyl complexes that have been corrected for the presence of only a single electronically-active co-ligand. After making allowance for ionic charges or strongly-perturbing ligands on the same metal atom, the adjusted 'neutral-co-ligand' ν(NO)*-values (in cm(-1)) are for linear nitrosyl complexes with transition metals of Period 4 of the Periodic Table, i.e. those with atomic orbitals (…4s3d4p): [ca. 1750, Cr(NO)]; [1775,Mn(NO)]; [1796,Fe(NO)]; [1817,Co(NO)]; [ca. 1840, Ni(NO)]. Period 5 (…5s4d5p): [1730 Mo(NO)]; [-, Tc(NO)]; [1745,Ru(NO)]; [1790,Rh(NO)]; [ca. 1845, Pd(NO)]. Period 6 (…6s4f5d6p), [1720,W(NO)]; [1730,Re(NO)]; [1738,Os(NO)]; [1760,Ir(NO)]; [-, Pt] respectively. Environmental differences to these values, e.g. data taken in polar solutions or in the crystalline state, can cause ν(NO)* variations (mostly reductions) of up to ca. 30 cm(-1). Three spectroscopic criteria are used to distinguish between linear and bent NO groups. These are: (i) the values of ν(14NO) themselves, and (ii) the isotopic band shift--(IBS)--parameter which is defined as [ν(14NO)-ν(15NO)], and, (iii) the isotopic band ratio--(IBR)--given by [ν(15NO/ν14NO)]. The former is illustrated with the ν(14NO)-data from trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) and tetragonal pyramidal (TP) structures of [M(NO(L)4] complexes (where M=Fe, Co, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir and L=ligand). These values indicate that linear (180-170°) and strongly bent (130-120°) NO groups in these compounds absorb over the 1862-1690 cm(-1) and 1720-1525 cm(-1)-regions, respectively. As was explicitly demonstrated for the linear nitrosyls, these extensive regions reflect the presence in different complexes of a very wide range of co-ligands or ionic charges associated with the metal atom of the nitrosyl group. A plot of the IBS parameter against M-N-O bond-angle for compounds with general formulae [M(NO)(L)y] (y=4, 5, 6) reveals that the IBS-values are clustered between 45 and 30 cm(-1) or between 37 and 25 cm(-1) for linear or bent NO groups, respectively. A plot of IBR shows a less well defined pattern. Overall it is suggested that bent nitrosyls absorb ca. 60-100 cm(-1) below, and have smaller co-ligand band-shifts, than their linear counterparts. Spectroscopic ν(NO) data of the bridging or other types of NO ligands are comparatively few and therefore it has not been possible to give other than general ranges for 'neutral co-ligand' values. Moreover the bridging species data often depend on corrections for the effects of electronically-active co-ligands such as cyclopentadienyl-like groups. The derived neutral co-ligand estimates, ν(NO)*, are: (a) twofold bridged nitrosyls with a metal-metal bond order of one, or greater than one, absorb at ca. 1610-1490 cm(-1); (b) twofold bridged nitrosyl ligands with a longer non-bonding M⋯M distance, ca. 1520-1490 cm(-1); (c) threefold bridged nitrosyls, ca. 1470-1410 cm(-1); (d) σ/π dihaptonitrosyl, [M(η2-NO)], where M=Cr, Mn and Ni; ca. 1490-1440 cm(-1). Isonitrosyls, from few examples, appear to absorb below ca. 1100 cm(-1). To be published DFT calculations of the infrared and Raman spectra of complexes with formulae [M(NO)4-n(CO)n] (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively) are used as models for the assignments of the ν(MN) and δ(MNO) bands from more complex metal nitrosyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos De La Cruz
- Laboratorio de Espectroscopía Molecular y Atómica, Departamento de Química, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, La Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
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Bennett MA, Bhargava SK, Bond AM, Burgar IM, Guo SX, Kar G, Privér SH, Wagler J, Willis AC, Torriero AAJ. Synthesis, X-ray structure and electrochemical oxidation of palladium(ii) complexes of ferrocenyldiphenylphosphine. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:9079-90. [PMID: 20730243 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Bennett
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Heterobimetallic compounds [Ru(η5-Cp)(dppf)X] (X = Cl, Br, I and N3): synthesis, electrochemical analysis, and the crystal structure of [Ru(η5-Cp)(dppf)I] [dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-009-9286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Tennyson AG, Dhar S, Lippard SJ. Synthesis and Characterization of {Ni(NO)}10and {Co(NO)2}10Complexes Supported by Thiolate Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:15087-98. [DOI: 10.1021/ja803992y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Tennyson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Shanta Dhar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Stephen J. Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Von Poelhsitz G, Bogado AL, de Araujo MP, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Ellena J, Castellano EE, Batista AA. Synthesis, characterization, X-ray structure and preliminary in vitro antitumor activity of the nitrosyl complex fac-[RuCl3(NO)(dppf)], dppf=1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene. Polyhedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2007.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Beck W, Enzmann A, Mayer P. Formation and Structure of Iodotrinitrosyliron, [Fe(NO)3I]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200400453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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O'Connor AR, Nataro C, Rheingold AL. Ruthenium cluster compounds containing 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf): an electrochemical analysis and the crystal structure of [Ru3(CO)11]2(μ-dppf). J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(03)00512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Group 10 metal compounds of 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ruthenocene: a structural and electrochemical investigation. X-ray structures of [MCl2(dppr)] (M=Ni, Pd). J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(03)00155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hayton TW, Legzdins P, Sharp WB. Coordination and organometallic chemistry of metal-NO complexes. Chem Rev 2002; 102:935-92. [PMID: 11942784 DOI: 10.1021/cr000074t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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Avilés T, Dinis A, Orlando Gonçalves J, Félix V, Calhorda MJ, Prazeres Â, Drew MGB, Alves H, Henriques RT, Gama VD, Zanello P, Fontani M. Synthesis, X-ray structures, electrochemistry, magnetic properties, and theoretical studies of the novel monomeric [CoI2(dppfO2)] and polymeric chain [CoI2(μ-dppfO2)n]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b205942h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stradiotto M, Kozak CM, McGlinchey MJ. A synthetic and X-ray crystallographic study of the indenyl-phosphine complexes 1,3-(Ph2PX)2(C9H6), (X=O, S) and (η5-C9H5(Ph2PS)2)[Mn(CO)3]: versatile ligands for the preparation of heteropolymetallic complexes. J Organomet Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(98)00648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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