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Deziel AP, Gahlawat S, Hazari N, Hopmann KH, Mercado BQ. Comparative study of CO 2 insertion into pincer supported palladium alkyl and aryl complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8164-8179. [PMID: 37538821 PMCID: PMC10395277 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01459b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The insertion of CO2 into metal alkyl bonds is a crucial elementary step in transition metal-catalyzed processes for CO2 utilization. Here, we synthesize pincer-supported palladium complexes of the type (tBuPBP)Pd(alkyl) (tBuPBP = B(NCH2PtBu2)2C6H4-; alkyl = CH2CH3, CH2CH2CH3, CH2C6H5, and CH2-4-OMe-C6H4) and (tBuPBP)Pd(C6H5) and compare the rates of CO2 insertion into the palladium alkyl bonds to form metal carboxylate complexes. Although, the rate constant for CO2 insertion into (tBuPBP)Pd(CH2CH3) is more than double the rate constant we previously measured for insertion into the palladium methyl complex (tBuPBP)Pd(CH3), insertion into (tBuPBP)Pd(CH2CH2CH3) occurs approximately one order of magnitude slower than (tBuPBP)Pd(CH3). CO2 insertion into the benzyl complexes (tBuPBP)Pd(CH2C6H5) and (tBuPBP)Pd(CH2-4-OMe-C6H4) is significantly slower than any of the n-alkyl complexes, and CO2 does not insert into the palladium phenyl bond of (tBuPBP)Pd(C6H5). While (tBuPBP)Pd(CH2CH3) and (tBuPBP)Pd(CH2CH2CH3) are resistant to β-hydride elimination, we were unable to synthesize complexes with n-butyl, iso-propyl, and tert-butyl ligands due to β-hydride elimination and an unusual reductive coupling, which involves the formation of new C-B bonds. This reductive process also occurred for (tBuPBP)Pd(CH2C6H5) at elevated temperature and a related process involving the formation of a new H-B bond prevented the isolation of (tBuPBP)PdH. DFT calculations provide insight into the relative rates of CO2 insertion and indicate that steric factors are critical. Overall, this work is one of the first comparative studies of the rates of CO2 insertion into different metal alkyl bonds and provides fundamental information that may be important for the development of new catalysts for CO2 utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Deziel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University P. O. Box 208107 New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA
| | - Sahil Gahlawat
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway N-9307 Tromsø Norway
- Hylleraas Center for Quantum Molecular Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University P. O. Box 208107 New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA
| | - Kathrin H Hopmann
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway N-9307 Tromsø Norway
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University P. O. Box 208107 New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA
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Bailey WD, Phearman AS, Luconi L, Rossin A, Yakhvarov DG, D'Accolti L, Flowers SE, Kaminsky W, Kemp RA, Giambastiani G, Goldberg KI. Hydrogenolysis of Dinuclear PCN R Ligated Pd II μ-Hydroxides and Their Mononuclear Pd II Hydroxide Analogues. Chemistry 2019; 25:9920-9929. [PMID: 31090244 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogenolysis of mono- and dinuclear PdII hydroxides was investigated both experimentally and computationally. It was found that the dinuclear μ-hydroxide complexes {[(PCNR )Pd]2 (μ-OH)}(OTf) (PCNH =1-[3-[(di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole; PCNMe =1-[3-[(di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl]phenyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole) react with H2 to form the analogous dinuclear hydride species {[(PCNR )Pd]2 (μ-H)}(OTf). The dinuclear μ-hydride complexes were fully characterized, and are rare examples of structurally characterized unsupported singly bridged μ-H PdII dimers. The {[(PCNMe )Pd]2 (μ-OH)}(OTf) hydrogenolysis mechanism was investigated through experiments and computations. The hydrogenolysis of the mononuclear complex (PCNH )Pd-OH resulted in a mixed ligand dinuclear species [(PCNH )Pd](μ-H)[(PCC)Pd] (PCC=a dianionic version of PCNH bound through phosphorus P, aryl C, and pyrazole C atoms) generated from initial ligand "rollover" C-H activation. Further exposure to H2 yields the bisphosphine Pd0 complex Pd[(H)PCNH ]2 . When the ligand was protected at the pyrazole 5-position in the (PCNMe )Pd-OH complex, no hydride formed under the same conditions; the reaction proceeded directly to the bisphosphine Pd0 complex Pd[(H)PCNMe ]2 . Reaction mechanisms for the hydrogenolysis of the monomeric and dimeric hydroxides are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson D Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Alexander S Phearman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lapo Luconi
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM, Via Madonna del Piano, 10-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossin
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM, Via Madonna del Piano, 10-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Dmitry G Yakhvarov
- Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russian Federation.,Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420008, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Lucia D'Accolti
- Università di Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Sarah E Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Richard A Kemp
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA.,Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87106, USA
| | - Giuliano Giambastiani
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM, Via Madonna del Piano, 10-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.,Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russian Federation.,Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-University of Strasbourg (UdS), 25, rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Karen I Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1700, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Suh HW, Guard LM, Hazari N. A mechanistic study of allene carboxylation with CO2resulting in the development of a Pd(ii) pincer complex for the catalytic hydroboration of CO2. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01110d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Crystallographic and structural characterization of heterometallic platinum compounds. Part II. Heterobinuclear Pt compounds with Pt⋯M (M = transition or lantanide metal) > 3.0 Å. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis review covers almost two hundred and twenty heterobinuclear platinum compounds in which Pt⋯M separation is over 3.0 Å. The M is a transition metal (Cu, Ag, Au, Ti, V, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni and Pd). There is an example of a lanthanide, Yb and a actinide, U. The Pt atom has oxidation numbers 0, +2 and +4. The Pt coordination geometries include trigonal planar Pt(0); square planar Pt(II); trigonal bipyramidal, and pseudo octahedral Pt(IV), with the most frequent being square planar. The most common ligands for Pt are P and C donor atoms, as well as a chlorine atom. The Pt — Ag distance of 3.002(1) Å is the shortest found in this series. There are examples which contain two crystallographically independent molecules, which differ mostly by degree of distortion and even one unique example, which contains eight such molecules. These are examples of distortion isomerism. Factors affecting bond lengths and angles are discussed and some ambiguities in coordination polyhedral are outlined.
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Pamplin CB, Rettig SJ, Patrick BO, James BR. Reactions of the Bis(dialkylphosphino)methane Complexes Pd2X2(μ-R2PCH2PR2)2 (X = halogen, R = Me or Et) with H2S, S8, COS, and CS2; Detection of Reaction Intermediates. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:8094-105. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig B. Pamplin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Steven J. Rettig
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Brian R. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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Lam WH, Yam VWW. Computational Studies on the Photophysical Properties and NMR Fluxionality of Dinuclear Platinum(II) A-Frame Alkynyl Diphosphine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:10930-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic101271d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Han Lam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Wilson ZS, Stanley GG, Vicic DA. To Bend or Not to Bend: Electronic Structural Analysis of Linear versus Bent M−H−M Interactions in Dinickel Bis(dialkylphosphino)methane Complexes. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:5385-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ic902198b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zakiya S. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804
| | - George G. Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804
| | - David A. Vicic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2275
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Electrochemical reduction properties of A-frame compounds and crystal structure of Pd2(dppm)2(Me)2(Br)+ dimer. Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Evrard D, Clément S, Lucas D, Hanquet B, Knorr M, Strohmann C, Decken A, Mugnier Y, Harvey PD. Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Heterodinuclear Complex ClPd(dppm)2PtCl: A M−M‘ Bond Providing Site Selectivity. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:1305-15. [PMID: 16441143 DOI: 10.1021/ic051102z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The heterodinuclear d(9)-d(9) title compound 1, whose crystal structure has been solved, reacts with dppm [bis(diphenylphosphino)methane] in the presence of NaBF4 to generate the salt [ClPd(mu-dppm)2Pt(eta(1)-dppm)][BF4] (2a), which contains a Pt-bound dangling dppm ligand. 2a has been characterized by 1H and 31P NMR, Fourier transform Raman [nu(Pd-Pt) = 138 cm(-1)], and UV-vis spectroscopy [lambda(max)(dsigma-dsigma*) = 366 nm]. In a similar manner, [ClPd(mu-dppm)2Pt(eta(1)-dppm=O)][BF4] (2b), ligated with a dangling phosphine oxide, has been prepared by the addition of dppm=O. The molecular structure of 2b has been established by an X-ray diffraction study. 2a reacts with 1 equiv of NaBH4 to form the platinum hydride complex [(eta(1)-dppm)Pd(mu-dppm)2Pt(H)][BF4] (3). Both 2a and 3 react with an excess of NaBH4 to provide the mixed-metal d(10)-d(10) compound [Pd(mu-dppm)3Pt] (4). The photophysical properties of 4 were studied by UV-vis spectroscopy [lambda(max)(dsigma-dsigma*) = 460 nm] and luminescence spectroscopy (lambda(emi) = 724 nm; tau(e) = 12 +/- 1 micros, 77 K). The protonation of 1 and 4 leads to [ClPd(mu-dppm)2(mu-H)PtCl]+ (5) and 3, respectively. Stoichiometric treatment of 1 with cyclohexyl or xylyl isocyanide yields [ClPd(mu-dppm)2Pt(CNC6H11)]Cl (6a) and [ClPd(mu-dppm)2Pt(CN-xylyl)]Cl (6b) ligated by terminal-bound CNR ligands. In contrast, treatment of 1 with the phosphonium salt [C[triple bond]NCH2PPh3]Cl affords the structurally characterized A-frame compound [ClPd(mu-dppm)2(mu-C=NCH2PPh3)PtCl]Cl (6c), spanned by a bridging isocyanide ligand. The electrochemical reduction of 2a at -1.2 V vs SCE, as well as the reduction of 5 in the presence of dppm, leads to a mixture of products 3 and 4. Further reduction of 3 at -1.7 V vs SCE generates 4 quantitatively. The reoxidation at 0 V of 4 in the presence of Cl- ions produces back complex 2a. The whole mechanism of the reduction of 1 has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Evrard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et d'Electrosynthèse Organométalliques (CNRS UMR 5188), Faculté des Sciences Mirande, Université de Bourgogne, 9 Allée A. Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
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Nair P, White CP, Anderson GK, Rath NP. Unsymmetrical complexes containing the linear tetraphosphine ligand DPPEPM. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nair P, Anderson GK, Rath NP. Palladium and Platinum Complexes Containing the Linear Tetraphosphine Bis[((diphenylphosphino)ethyl)phenylphosphino]methane. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om0209069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Padma Nair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of MissouriSt. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
| | - Gordon K. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of MissouriSt. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of MissouriSt. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
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Nair P, Anderson GK, Rath NP. Bimetallic platinum complexes containing linear tetraphosphine ligands. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-7003(02)00516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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