Cholécystectomie coelioscopique ambulatoire : expérience d’un an sur des patients non sélectionnés

Ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Systematic review and meta-analysis of predictors of failure

BACKGROUND

Outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy has proven to be a safe and cost-effective technique; however, it is not yet a universally widespread procedure. The aim of the study was to determine the predictive factors of outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy failure.

METHOD

A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis methodology. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and ISRCTN Registry were searched. The main variables were demographic (age, sex), clinical (weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, previous complicated biliary pathology, history of abdominal surgery in supramesocolic compartment, gallbladder wall thickness), and surgical factors (operative time, afternoon surgery). The secondary variables were the prevalence rates of outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy failure due to pain or postoperative nausea and vomiting.

RESULTS

Fourteen studies (4,194 patients) were included, with a mean outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy failure rate of 23.4%. The predictors of outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy failure were: age ≥65 years (odds ratio: 2.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-3.86; P = .0009), body mass index ≥30 (odds ratio: 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.45; P = .03), American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥III (odds ratio: 2.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.72-4.87; P < .0001), previous complicated biliary pathology (odds ratio: 2.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.40-4.06; P = .001), gallbladder wall thickening (odds ratio: 2.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-4.04; P = .003), surgical time exceeding 60 minutes (mean difference: -16.03; 95% confidence interval,-21.25 to -10.81; P < .00001), and the beginning of surgery after 1:00 pm (odds ratio: 4.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.97-11.96; P = .007). Sex (odds ratio: 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.73-1.57, P = .73) and history of abdominal surgery in the supramesocolic compartment (odds ratio: 2.32; 95 confidence interval, 0.92-5.82, P = .07) were not associated with outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy failure.

CONCLUSION

Our meta-analysis allowed us to identify the predictors of outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy failure. The knowledge of these factors could help surgeons in their decision-making process for the selection of patients who are suitable for outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

[First experience with outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Tunisia]

INTRODUCTION

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment for symptomatic gallstones. There is some debate as to whether it should be performed in outpatient surgery or in one-day surgery to improve patient safety. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed in outpatient surgery versus one-day surgery on standards such as mortality, serious adverse events and quality of life.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in the Department of General Surgery at the Habib Thameur Hospital over the period May 2009-February 2010. We here report 67 cases of symptomatic vesical lithiasis treated with outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy (OLC). ASA III and IV patients, diabetic patients treated with sulfonamides or insulin, severely obese patients, patients over 65 years of age and under 18 years of age, patients with a history of major abdominal surgery, patients with suspected lithiasis of the common bile duct, acute cholecystitis or pancreatitis were excluded from the study. Patients had to reside within 50 km of the hospital and be accompanied by an adult to undergo OLC.

RESULTS

Seventeen patients were included and then excluded from our study because of the perioperative detection of signs of acute cholecystitis or difficulties in dissection leading to subhepatic drainage using Redon catheter at the end of the intervention. Finally, our study included 50 patients, 7 men and 43 women; the average age was 48 years. Surgery was based on the most common procedures. After leaving the recovery room, patients were conducted in the outpatient sector where they received a liquid diet. The patients were examined before 7 o'clock in the evening and discharge was established on the basis of the possibility of establishing an oral analgesic treatment, patients tolerance to liquid diet, the lack of urinary disorder, patients acceptance for discharge and analgesic and anti-inflammatory treatment if needed. Thirty-nine patients (78%) were discharged from hospital and 11 were kept in hospital. Patients > 45 years of age, anesthesia duration > 70 minutes and post operative fatigue were identified as risk factors for unsuccessful discharge. No readmission was observed. Discharged patients were satisfied with the therapeutic protocol, resulting in excellent and good outcome in the majority of cases (94%).

CONCLUSION

Outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy seems to be as safe as day surgery laparoscopic cholecystectomy having low rate of complications and of hospital readmissions in some selected patients and lower surgery costs.

Feasibility prospective study of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with suprapubic approach

BACKGROUND

Since the publication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) using three ports instead of four, no significant evolution has impacted on our clinical practice in order to improve length of stay, postoperative pain, time of recovery and cosmetic results. Recently, a renewed interest has been observed with the suprapubic approach, called occult scar laparoscopic cholecystectomy (OSLC). The aim of this prospective multicentric study was to evaluate the feasibility of OSLC in 2 French centers.

METHODS

From March to September 2014, 60 patients were prospectively included in this study. The operation incisions consisted of an umbilical incision for camera; an incision in the right groin for maneuvers of exposition and a suprapubic incision for instrumental dissection and clipping. Outcome was by operative time, operative complications, hospital length of stay, analgesia required after surgery, and cosmetic outcomes. The Patient Satisfaction Scale and Visual Analog Score (VAS) also were used to evaluate the level of cosmetic result and postoperative pain.

RESULTS

No laparoscopy was converted to an open procedure, the mean operative time was 53±20min. No patient had intraoperative bile duct injury or significant bleeding. The mean length of stay was 1.70±0.76 days. Two patients (3%) experienced postoperative complication (1 intra-abdominal abscess treated by antibiotics and 1 subcutaneous seroma of the 11-mm port wound treated successfully by needle aspiration).

CONCLUSION

The technique proved to be safe and feasible with no specific complication and without specific instrument. It offers satisfactory postoperative pain level and good cosmetic results.

Can abdominal surgical emergencies be treated in an ambulatory setting?

INTRODUCTION

The performance of emergency abdominal surgery in an outpatient setting is increasingly the order of the day in France. This review evaluates the feasibility and reliability of ambulatory surgical treatment of the most common abdominal emergencies: appendectomy for acute appendicitis and cholecystectomy for acute complications of gallstone disease (acute cholecystitis and gallstone pancreatitis).

METHODS

This study evaluates surgical procedures performed on an ambulatory basis according to the international definition (admission in the morning, discharge in the evening with a hospital stay of less than 12 hours). Just as for elective surgery, eligibility of patients for an ambulatory approach depends on the capacities of the surgical and anesthesia team: to manage the risks, particularly the risk of deferring surgery until the morning); to prevent or treat post-operative symptoms like pain, nausea, vomiting, re-ambulation in order to permit rapid post-operative discharge.

RESULTS

Recent studies have shown that appendectomy for non-complicated acute appendicitis can be deferred for up to 12 hours without any increase in danger. Many other studies have shown that early discharge after appendectomy for acute non-complicated appendicitis is feasible and safe. Nonetheless, there is only one published series of truly ambulatory appendectomies. The results were excellent. Patients who presented in the afternoon were brought back for operation the following morning. The appropriate timing for performance of cholecystectomy in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis or gallstone pancreatitis has not been well defined, but is always somewhat delayed relative to the onset of symptoms. To minimize operative complications, cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis should probably be performed between 24 and 72 hours after diagnosis. Cholecystectomy for gallstone pancreatitis should probably not be delayed longer than a week; the need to keep the patient hospitalized during the interval has not been demonstrated. Early discharge after cholecystectomy was usually possible, even in series where acute cholecystitis was diagnosed intra-operatively. Cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis and gallstone pancreatitis seems to be feasible but no reports specifically support this approach.

CONCLUSIONS

Emergency abdominal surgery seems to be feasible on an ambulatory setting for non-complicated acute appendicitis, acute calculous cholecystitis and gallstone pancreatitis. Only a single French series on ambulatory appendectomy for acute appendicitis has been reported.

[Ambulatory emergency surgery]

Development of outpatient cases in emergency is still a controversy. Ambulatory surgery is possible in ambulatory surgical unit (ASU), or in emergency surgical units (ESU). Quality of care and safety need to be associated to patients' ambulatory management without impairment of ASU and ESU organization. Patient eligibility concerns not only traumatic hand surgery but also general or visceral surgery.

Ambulatory management of gastrointestinal emergencies: what are the current literature data?

INTRODUCTION

Ambulatory management is a modality of care defined in France by a hospitalization of less than 12h without an overnight stay. Currently, few data are available on its role in the management of gastrointestinal emergencies, such as appendectomy for acute appendicitis, cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis or emergency proctologic surgery. The aim of this systematic review was to study the published data regarding the feasibility of ambulatory management of emergency visceral surgery and to enquire about the possibilities of further development of this form of management.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A literature search was conducted from the PubMed(®) databank taking into account all published data up to July 2013.

RESULTS

For acute appendicitis, the success rate of short-stay hospitalization was 72% with unplanned read-mission rates ranging from 0 to 53%, a rate of unscheduled consultations ranging from 0 to 11%, and unplanned inpatient hospitalization rates ranging from 0% to 5%. For acute cholecystitis and proctology, there are few published data.

CONCLUSION

Ambulatory management has been sparingly studied in the setting of gastrointestinal surgical emergencies. However, there is probably a place for development of this form of management.