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Low Ionosphere under Influence of Strong Solar Radiation: Diagnostics and Modeling. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Solar flares (SFs) and intense radiation can generate additional ionization in the Earth’s atmosphere and affect its structure. These types of solar radiation and activity create sudden ionospheric disturbances (SIDs), affect electronic equipment on the ground along with signals from space, and potentially induce various natural disasters. Focus of this work is on the study of SIDs induced by X-ray SFs using very low frequency (VLF) radio signals in order to predict the impact of SFs on Earth and analyze ionosphere plasmas and its parameters. All data are recorded by VLF BEL stations and the model computation is used to obtain the daytime atmosphere parameters induced by this extreme radiation. The obtained ionospheric parameters are compared with results of other authors. For the first time we analyzed physics of the D-region—during consecutive huge SFs which continuously perturbed this layer for a few hours—in detail. We have developed an empirical model of the D-region plasma density and gave a simple approximative formula for electron density.
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Gumbel J. Influences of ice particles on the ion chemistry of the polar summer mesosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rapp M. Dregion electron number density limits for the existence of polar mesosphere summer echoes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Stauning P. Substorm modeling based on observations of an intense high-latitude absorption surge event. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja03596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rodger CJ, Molchanov OA, Thomson NR. Relaxation of transient ionization in the lower ionosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98ja00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chemical modelling of the quiet summer D- and E-regions using EISCAT electron density profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(91)90026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Krankowsky D, Lämmerzahl P, Götzelmann A, Friedrich M, Torkar K. Positive ion composition in the lower ionosphere at high latitudes during MAP/WINE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(87)90020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brasseur G, De Baets P. Ions in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: A two-dimensional model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id03p04025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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