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Hagen WR. The Development of Tungsten Biochemistry-A Personal Recollection. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104017. [PMID: 37241758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of tungsten biochemistry is sketched from the viewpoint of personal participation. Following its identification as a bio-element, a catalogue of genes, enzymes, and reactions was built up. EPR spectroscopic monitoring of redox states was, and remains, a prominent tool in attempts to understand tungstopterin-based catalysis. A paucity of pre-steady-state data remains a hindrance to overcome to this day. Tungstate transport systems have been characterized and found to be very specific for W over Mo. Additional selectivity is presented by the biosynthetic machinery for tungstopterin enzymes. Metallomics analysis of hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus indicates a comprehensive inventory of tungsten proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred R Hagen
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Building 58, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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2
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Characterization of thiosulfate reductase from Pyrobaculum aerophilum heterologously produced in Pyrococcus furiosus. Extremophiles 2019; 24:53-62. [PMID: 31278423 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The genome of the archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum (Topt ~ 100 °C) contains an operon (PAE2859-2861) encoding a putative pyranopterin-containing oxidoreductase of unknown function and metal content. These genes (with one gene modified to encode a His-affinity tag) were inserted into the fermentative anaerobic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus (Topt ~ 100 °C). Dye-linked assays of cytoplasmic extracts from recombinant P. furiosus show that the P. aerophilum enzyme is a thiosulfate reductase (Tsr) and reduces thiosulfate but not polysulfide. The enzyme (Tsr-Mo) from molybdenum-grown cells contains Mo (Mo:W = 9:1) while the enzyme (Tsr-W) from tungsten-grown cells contains mainly W (Mo:W = 1:6). Purified Tsr-Mo has over ten times the activity (Vmax = 1580 vs. 141 µmol min-1 mg-1) and twice the affinity for thiosulfate (Km = ~ 100 vs. ~ 200 μM) than Tsr-W and is reduced at a lower potential (Epeak = - 255 vs - 402 mV). Tsr-Mo and Tsr-W proteins are heterodimers lacking the membrane anchor subunit (PAE2861). Recombinant P. furiosus expressing P. aerophilum Tsr could not use thiosulfate as a terminal electron acceptor. P. furiosus contains five pyranopterin-containing enzymes, all of which utilize W. P. aerophilum Tsr-Mo is the first example of an active Mo-containing enzyme produced in P. furiosus.
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Maia LB, Moura I, Moura JJ. Molybdenum and tungsten-containing formate dehydrogenases: Aiming to inspire a catalyst for carbon dioxide utilization. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Maia LB, Moura I, Moura JJ. EPR Spectroscopy on Mononuclear Molybdenum-Containing Enzymes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN METALLOPROTEIN AND METALLOENZYME RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-59100-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ion RM. Synthesis, photophysical properties and photocatalytic activity of tungsten porphyrin (TPPWCl4). J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461350034x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although tungsten porphyrins are known as mimicking models in biology, only a few papers about its chemical properties have been reported, the rarity of studies being attributed to the difficulties encountered in their synthesis due to their low stability. In this paper 5,10,15,20-tetra-p-phenyl-porphyrin tungsten(VI) chlorine (TPPWCl4) was studied, this metallo-porphyrin characterized by different analytical techniques: UV-vis, FTIR, ESR, mass spectrometry, including photophysical determination of its singlet oxygen quantum yield, too. Its photodegradation reaction with the mechanism and species involved into this destruction reaction processes is discussed, too. Also, in order to maintain its photostability, TPPWCl4has been incorporated into solid substrates, such as ZnO and TiO2, and these composites were subsequently tested in the photooxidation reaction of isoamylenes (2-methyl-2-butene and 2-methyl-1-butene mixture).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica-Mariana Ion
- National Institute of Research and Development for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul, Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
- Valahia University, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Mechanics, 18-20 Unirii Blvd, Targoviste 013200, Romania
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Filippou AC, Barandov A, Schnakenburg G, Lewall B, van Gastel M, Marchanka A. Open-Shell Complexes Containing Metal-Germanium Triple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:789-93. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Filippou AC, Barandov A, Schnakenburg G, Lewall B, van Gastel M, Marchanka A. Open-Shell Complexes Containing Metal-Germanium Triple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Magalon A, Fedor JG, Walburger A, Weiner JH. Molybdenum enzymes in bacteria and their maturation. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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9
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Arumuganathan T, Mayilmurugan R, Volpe M, Mösch-Zanetti NC. Faster oxygen atom transfer catalysis with a tungsten dioxo complex than with its molybdenum analog. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:7850-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10248f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Hrobárik P, Malkina OL, Malkin VG, Kaupp M. Relativistic two-component calculations of electronic g-tensor for oxo-molybdenum(V) and oxo-tungsten(V) complexes: The important role of higher-order spin-orbit contributions. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bednar AJ, Jones WT, Boyd RE, Ringelberg DB, Larson SL. Geochemical parameters influencing tungsten mobility in soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2008; 37:229-33. [PMID: 18178896 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2007.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The biogeochemistry of tungsten and its effects on mobility have recently gained attention due to the existence of human cancer clusters, such as in Fallon, NV. Tungsten exists in many environmental matrices as the soluble and mobile tungstate anion. However, tungsten can polymerize with itself and other anions, creating poly- and heteropoly-tungstates with variable geochemical and toxicological properties. In the present work, geochemical parameters are determined for tungstate species in a model soil that describe the potential for tungsten mobility. Soluble tungsten leached from a metallic tungsten-spiked soil after six to twelve months aging reached an equilibrium concentration >150 mg/L within 4 h of extraction with deionized water. Partition coefficients determined for various tungstate and polytungstate compounds in the model soil suggest a dynamic system in which speciation changes over time affect tungsten geochemical behavior. Partition coefficients for tungstate and some poly-species have been observed to increase by a factor of 3 to 6 over a four month period, indicating decreased mobility with soil aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Bednar
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Lab., 3909 Halls Ferry Rd., Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.
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Bray RC. The reactions and the structures of molybdenum centers in enzymes. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 51:107-65. [PMID: 6255771 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122969.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hagedoorn PL, Hagen WR, Stewart LJ, Docrat A, Bailey S, Garner CD. Redox characteristics of the tungsten DMSO reductase ofRhodobacter capsulatus. FEBS Lett 2003; 555:606-10. [PMID: 14675782 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dimethylsulfoxide reductase (DMSOR) from Rhodobacter capsulatus is known to retain its three-dimensional structure and enzymatic activity upon substitution of molybdenum, the metal that occurs naturally at the active site, by tungsten. The redox properties of tungsten-substituted DMSOR (W-DMSOR) have been investigated by a dye-mediated reductive titration with the concentration of the W(V) state monitored by EPR spectroscopy. At pH 7.0, E(m)(W(VI)/W(V)) is -194 mV and E(m)(W(V)/W(IV)) is -134 mV. Each E(m) value of W-DMSOR is significantly lower (220 and 334 mV, respectively) than that of the corresponding couple of Mo-DMSOR. These redox potentials are consistent with the ability of Mo-DMSOR to catalyze both the reduction of DMSO to DMS and the back reaction, whereas W-DMSOR is very effective in catalyzing the forward reaction, but shows no ability to catalyze the oxidation of DMS to DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Leon Hagedoorn
- Kluyver Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands.
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Pollock VV, Conover RC, Johnson MK, Barber MJ. Bacterial expression of the molybdenum domain of assimilatory nitrate reductase: production of both the functional molybdenum-containing domain and the nonfunctional tungsten analog. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 403:237-48. [PMID: 12139973 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Assimilatory NADH:nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1), a complex molybdenum-, cytochrome b(557)- and FAD-containing protein, catalyzes the regulated and rate-limiting step in the utilization of inorganic nitrogen by higher plants. To facilitate structure/function studies of the individual molybdenum center, we have developed bacterial expression systems for the heterologous production of the 541 residue amino-terminal, molybdenum center-containing domain of spinach nitrate reductase either as a six-histidine-tagged variant or as a glutathione-S-transferase-tagged fusion protein. Expression of the his-tagged molybdenum domain in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells under anaerobic conditions yielded a 55-kDa domain with a specific activity of 1.5 micromol NO(3)(-) consumed/min/nmol enzyme and with a K(mapp)(NO(3)(-)) of 8 mciroM. In contrast, expression of the molybdenum domain as a GST-tagged fusion protein in E. coli TP1000(MobA(-) strain) cells under aerobic conditions yielded an 85-kDa fusion protein with a specific activity of 10.8 micromol NO(3)(-) consumed/min/nmol enzyme and with a K(mapp)(NO(3)(-)) of 12 microM. Fluorescence analysis indicated that both forms of the molybdenum domain contained the cofactor, MPT, although the MPT content was higher in the GST-fusion domain. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric analysis of both the his-tagged and GST-fusion protein domain samples indicated Mo/protein ratios of 0.44 and 0.93, respectively, confirming a very high level of Mo incorporation in the GST-fusion protein. Expression of the GST-fusion protein in TP1000 cells in the presence of elevated tungsten concentrations resulted in an 85-kDa fusion protein that contained MPT but which was devoid of nitrate-reducing activity. Partial reduction of the molybdenum domain resulted in the generation of an axial Mo(V) EPR species with g values of 1.9952, 1.9693, and 1.9665, respectively, and exhibiting superhyperfine coupling to a single exchangeable proton, analogous to that previously observed for the native enzyme. In contrast, the tungsten-substituted MPT-containing domain yielded a W(V) EPR species with g values of 1.9560, 1.9474, and 1.9271, respectively, with unresolved superhyperfine interaction. NADH:nitrate reductase activity could be reconstituted using the GST-molybdenum domain fusion protein in the presence of the recombinant forms of the spinach nitrate reductase' flavin- and heme-containing domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica V Pollock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Dhawan IK, Roy R, Koehler BP, Mukund S, Adams MW, Johnson MK. Spectroscopic studies of the tungsten-containing formaldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus litoralis. J Biol Inorg Chem 2000; 5:313-27. [PMID: 10907742 DOI: 10.1007/pl00010660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The electronic and redox properties of the iron-sulfur cluster and tungsten center in the as-isolated and sulfide-activated forms of formaldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (FOR) from Thermococcus litoralis (Tl) have been investigated by using the combination of EPR and variable-temperature magnetic circular dichroism (VTMCD) spectroscopies. The results reveal a [Fe4S4]2+,+ cluster (Em=-368mV) that undergoes redox cycling between an oxidized form with an S=0 ground state and a reduced form that exists as a pH- and medium-dependent mixture of S=3/2 (g=5.4; E/D=0.33) and S=1/2 (g=2.03, 1.93, 1.86) ground states, with the former dominating in the presence of 50% (v/v) glycerol. Three distinct types of W(V) EPR signals have been observed during dye-mediated redox titration of as-isolated Tl FOR. The initial resonance observed upon oxidation, termed the "low-potential" W(V) species (g=1.977, 1.898, 1.843), corresponds to approximately 25-30% of the total W and undergoes redox cycling between W(IV)/ W(V) and W(V)/W(VI) states at physiologically relevant potentials (Em= -335 and -280 mV, respectively). At higher potentials a minor "mid-potential" W(V) species, g= 1.983, 1.956, 1.932, accounting for less than 5 % of the total W, appears with a midpoint potential of -34 mV and persists up to at least + 300 mV. At potentials above 0 mV, a major "high-potential" W(V) signal, g= 1.981, 1.956, 1.883, accounting for 30-40% of the total W, appears at a midpoint potential of +184 mV. As-isolated samples of Tl FOR were found to undergo an approximately 8-fold enhancement in activity on incubation with excess Na2S under reducing conditions and the sulfide-activated Tl FOR was partially inactivated by cyanide. The spectroscopic and redox properties of the sulfide-activated Tl FOR are quite distinct from those of the as-isolated enzyme, with loss of the low-potential species and changes in both the mid-potential W(V) species (g= 1.981, 1.950, 1.931; Em = -265 mV) and high-potential W(V) species (g=1.981, 1.952, 1.895; Em = +65 mV). Taken together, the W(V) species in sulfide-activated samples of Tl FOR maximally account for only 15% of the total W. Both types of high-potential W(V) species were lost upon incubation with cyanide and the sulfide-activated high-potential species is converted into the as-isolated high-potential species upon exposure to air. Structural models are proposed for each of the observed W(V) species and both types of mid-potential and high-potential species are proposed to be artifacts of ligand-based oxidation of W(VI) species. A W(VI) species with terminal sulfido or thiol ligands is proposed to be responsible for the catalytic activity in sulfide-activated samples of Tl FOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, and Division of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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Das SK, Biswas D, Maiti R, Sarkar S. Modeling the Tungsten Sites of Inactive and Active Forms of Hyperthermophilic Pyrococcus furiosus Aldehyde Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9511580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samar K. Das
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Dulali Biswas
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Rabindranath Maiti
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sarkar
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
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21
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Adams MW, Kletzin A. Oxidoreductase-type enzymes and redox proteins involved in fermentative metabolisms of hyperthermophilic Archaea. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1996; 48:101-80. [PMID: 8791625 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M W Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
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Lehmann M, Tshisuaka B, Fetzner S, Röger P, Lingens F. Purification and characterization of isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase from Pseudomonas diminuta 7, a novel molybdenum-containing hydroxylase. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)78118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Johnson J, Rajagopalan K, Mukund S, Adams M. Identification of molybdopterin as the organic component of the tungsten cofactor in four enzymes from hyperthermophilic Archaea. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Jollie D, Lipscomb J. Formate dehydrogenase from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b. Purification and spectroscopic characterization of the cofactors. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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25
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Characterization of a tungsten-iron-sulfur protein exhibiting novel spectroscopic and redox properties from the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Pyrococcus furiosus. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Deaton JC, Solomon EI, Watt GD, Wetherbee PJ, Durfor CN. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of the tungsten-containing formate dehydrogenase from Clostridium thermoaceticum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 149:424-30. [PMID: 2827642 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)90384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The redox centers in the tungsten-containing formate dehydrogenase from Clostridium thermoaceticum were examined by potentiometric titration and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. At low temperature two overlapping iron-sulfur signals which correlated with enzymatic activity were observed with formal potentials near -400 mV vs. SHE. Based on their temperature dependences, one signal is assigned to a reduced Fe2S2 cluster and one to a reduced Fe4S4 cluster. Quantitation of signal intensity suggests two Fe2S2 and two Fe4S4 clusters per formate dehydrogenase molecule. Another signal (g = 2.101, 1.980, 1.950) present in low concentrations at more negative potentials was observable up to 200 degrees K and is not attributed to any iron-sulfur cluster. The possible origin of this signal is analyzed using ligand field theory, and the redox behavior is considered with respect to possible ligation at the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Deaton
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA 94305
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Purification and characterization of xanthine dehydrogenase from Clostridium acidiurici grown in the presence of selenium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(84)90282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Deaton JC, Solomon EI, Durfor CN, Wetherbee PJ, Burgess BK, Jacobs DB. Activation of nit-1 nitrate reductase by W-formate dehydrogenase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984; 121:1042-7. [PMID: 6234890 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)90782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Formate dehydrogenase ( FDH ) from Clostridium thermoaceticum is a known tungsten enzyme. FDH was tested for the presence of nitrogenase-type cofactor and nitrate reductase-type cofactor by the Azotobacter vinelandii UW-45 and Neurospora crassa nit-1 reconstitution assays, respectively. Tungsten formate dehydrogenase (W- FDH ), containing only a small Mo impurity, activated the nit-1 nitrate reductase extracts when molybdate was also added, but not when tungstate was added. These results show W- FDH contains the cofactor common to all known Mo-enzymes except nitrogenase. The difference between the redox chemistries of W- FDH and W-substituted sulfite oxidase appears to relate to differences in tungsten ligation other than that donated by the cofactor or to variations in the protein environment surrounding the tungsten active site.
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Wahl RC, Hageman RV, Rajagopalan KV. The relationship of Mo, molybdopterin, and the cyanolyzable sulfur in the Mo cofactor. Arch Biochem Biophys 1984; 230:264-73. [PMID: 6231887 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(84)90107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Reconstitution of the apoprotein of the molybdoenzyme nitrate reductase in extracts of the Neurospora crassa mutant nit-1 with molybdenum cofactor released by denaturation of purified molybdoenzymes is efficient in the absence of exogenous MoO2-4 under defined conditions. Evidence is presented that this molybdate-independent reconstitution is due to transfer of intact Mo cofactor, a complex of Mo and molybdopterin (MPT), the organic constituent of the cofactor. This complex can be separated from denatured protein by gel filtration, and from excess MoO2-4 by reverse-phase HPLC. Sulfite oxidase, native xanthine dehydrogenase, and cyanolyzed xanthine dehydrogenase are equipotent Mo cofactor donors. Other well-studied inactive forms of xanthine dehydrogenase are also shown to be good cofactor sources. Using xanthine dehydrogenase specifically radiolabeled in the cyanolyzable sulfur, it is shown that this terminal ligand of Mo is rapidly removed from Mo cofactor under the conditions used for reconstitution.
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Formate dehydrogenase from Methanobacterium formicicum. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the molybdenum and iron-sulfur centers. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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31
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Durfor CN, Wetherbee PJ, Deaton JC, Solomon EI. Characterization and spectroscopic properties of reduced Mo and W formate dehydrogenase from C. thermoaceticum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1983; 115:61-7. [PMID: 6311213 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(83)90968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) (EC 1.2.1.43) from C. thermoaceticum has been purified in two forms. One contains tungsten (W), and the other is enriched in molybdenum (Mo). The W-FDH is clearly active, while the Mo results are ambiguous with enzymatic activities generally lower in the Mo-enriched samples. Spectroscopic studies (EPR, absorption, and CD) on W-FDH and Mo-FDH demonstrate that no signal correlates to the group VI metal active site in the dithionite-reduced enzyme. This lack of a W(V) EPR signal is in contrast to the results observed for tungsten-substituted sulfite oxidase which is inactive.
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Toghrol F, Southerland WM. Purification of Thiobacillus novellus sulfite oxidase. Evidence for the presence of heme and molybdenum. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Johnson JL, Jones HP, Rajagopalan KV. In vitro reconstitution of demolybdosulfite oxidase by a molybdenum cofactor from rat liver and other sources. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Jones HP, Johnson JL, Rajagopalan KV. In vitro reconstitution of demolybdosulfite oxidase by molybdate. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Guiard B, Lederer F. The "b5-like" domain from chicken-liver sulfite oxidase: a new case of common ancestral origin with liver cytochrome b5 and bakers' yeast cytochrome b2 core. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 74:181-90. [PMID: 404144 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Limited chymotryptic digestion of chicken-liver sulfite oxidase destroys its ability to oxidize sulfite. From the digest can be isolated a heme-binding fragment of molecular weight about 11 000. Its purification is described, as well as its characterization by a number of methods (absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism, electrophoretic mobility, immunochemical reactivity, amino acid analysis). The heme spectrum shows no detectable difference with that of the native enzyme. The N-terminal sequence of this sulfite oxidase core is reported (34 residues). It shows a strong similarity to that of liver microsomal cytochrome b5 and bakers' yeast cytochrome b2 core. The sequence comparison is discussed in terms of structural similarity to cytochrome b5. Our data suggest a common evolutionary origin for the three b-type cytochromes.
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Tryptic cleavage of rat liver sulfite oxidase. Isolation and characterization of molybdenum and heme domains. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)71858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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