1
|
Giglione C, Fieulaine S, Meinnel T. N-terminal protein modifications: Bringing back into play the ribosome. Biochimie 2015; 114:134-46. [PMID: 25450248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
N-terminal protein modifications correspond to the first modifications which in principle any protein may undergo, before translation is completed by the ribosome. This class of essential modifications can have different nature or function and be catalyzed by a variety of dedicated enzymes. Here, we review the current state of the major N-terminal co-translational modifications, with a particular emphasis to their catalysts, which belong to metalloprotease and acyltransferase clans. The earliest of these modifications corresponds to the N-terminal methionine excision, an ubiquitous and essential process leading to the removal of the first methionine. N-alpha acetylation occurs also in all Kingdoms although its extent appears to be significantly increased in higher eukaryotes. Finally, N-myristoylation is a crucial pathway existing only in eukaryotes. Recent studies dealing on how some of these co-translational modifiers might work in close vicinity of the ribosome is starting to provide new information on when these modifications exactly take place on the elongating nascent chain and the interplay with other ribosome biogenesis factors taking in charge the nascent chains. Here a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the field of N-terminal protein modifications is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Giglione
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Bât 23A, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette, France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| | - Sonia Fieulaine
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Bât 23A, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette, France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Thierry Meinnel
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, Bât 23A, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette, France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Polevoda B, Brown S, Cardillo TS, Rigby S, Sherman F. Yeast N(alpha)-terminal acetyltransferases are associated with ribosomes. J Cell Biochem 2008; 103:492-508. [PMID: 17541948 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
N-terminal acetylation is one of the most common modifications, occurring on the vast majority of eukaryotic proteins. Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains three major NATs, designated NatA, NatB, and NatC, with each having catalytic subunits Ard1p, Nat3p, and Mak3p, respectively. Gautschi et al. (Gautschi et al. [2003] Mol Cell Biol 23: 7403) previously demonstrated with peptide crosslinking experiments that NatA is bound to ribosomes. In our studies, biochemical fractionation in linear sucrose density gradients revealed that all of the NATs are associated with mono- and polyribosome fractions. However only a minor portion of Nat3p colocalized with the polyribosomes. Disruption of the polyribosomes did not cause dissociation of the NATs from ribosomal subparticles. The NAT auxiliary subunits, Nat1p and Mdm20p, apparently are required for efficient binding of the corresponding catalytic subunits to the ribosomes. Deletions of the genes corresponding to auxiliary subunits significantly diminish the protein levels of the catalytic subunits, especially Nat3p, while deletions of the catalytic subunits produced less effect on the stability of Nat1p and Mdm20p. Also two ribosomal proteins, Rpl25p and Rpl35p, were identified in a TAP-affinity purified NatA sample. Moreover, Ard1p copurifies with Rpl35p-TAP. We suggest that these two ribosomal proteins, which are in close proximity to the ribosomal exit tunnel, may play a role in NatA attachment to the ribosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Polevoda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vigoreaux JO, Perry LM. Multiple isoelectric variants of flightin in Drosophila stretch-activated muscles are generated by temporally regulated phosphorylations. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 1994; 15:607-16. [PMID: 7706417 DOI: 10.1007/bf00121068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila stretch-activated flight muscles contain flightin, a novel myofibrillar protein that interacts with myosin filaments. We have identified eleven flightin isoelectric variants that can be subdivided into phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated subclasses. Flight muscles of late pupal stage P15, at which time myofibrillogenesis has been completed but the muscle has yet to be used, contain primarily non-phosphorylated variants. A dramatic increase in flightin phosphorylation occurs subsequent to eclosion. As the young adult matures, increasingly phosphorylated variants are generated following a precise ontogenetic progression. Adults 5-6 h old and older contain the entire set of flightin isoelectric variants. All nine phosphovariants remain metabolically active throughout adult life as evidenced by their ability to incorporate radioactive phosphate in older adults. Our results suggest the possibility that all nine phosphorylated variants originate from a single precursor by sequential phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of flightin may thus serve both structural and regulatory functional roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J O Vigoreaux
- Department of Zoology, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Kamitani K, Narita K, Sakiyama F. Purification and Characterization of Hen Oviduct Nα-Acetyltransferase. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)51613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- E N Olson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston 77030
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Acetyltransferase was isolated by histone-Sepharose affinity chromatography from human cord blood red cells. The enzyme was detected only in very young red cells. The semipurified enzyme and [14C]acetyl-CoA were used to acetylate isolated Hb F tetramer and alpha and gamma subunits. The in vitro acetylated products were characterized by globin chain separation by CM-cellulose chromatography and tryptic peptide analysis by reverse-phase HPLC. Acetylation of both the gamma-chains and the alpha-chains could occur within the Hb F tetramer. Acetylation also could take place on intact subunits. It appears that some Hb FIC could be formed in the cells by utilizing Hb F or free gamma-chains as acetylation substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Qiu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912-2100
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kasten-Jolly J, Abraham EC. Human fetal hemoglobin synthesis and its NH2-terminal acetylation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate translational system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1986; 866:125-34. [PMID: 2420364 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(86)90109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of the acetylated (Hb FIc) and the non-acetylated (Hb F0) human fetal hemoglobin components has been examined in a cell-free translational system. The poly(A)-RNA was isolated from umbilical cord blood samples and translated in the heterologous translational system derived from rabbit reticulocyte lysates in the presence of labeled amino acid(s) or acetyl-CoA. The amount of each hemoglobin or globin chain made in the system was determined by separating the synthesis products by cation-exchange chromatographic methods. The in vitro synthesis ratios were close to the FIc/Ftotal values of the respective hemolysates. The same conclusion could be reached by determining the specific activity ratios of Hb FIc/Hb F0. Co-migration of radioactivity peaks with absorbance peaks indicated the synthesis of that hemoglobin or globin chain. Confirmation of the synthesis of true gamma 0 and gamma Ic was accomplished by high-pressure liquid chromatographic separation of 3H-labeled tryptic peptides. Each peptide corresponded well with the radioactivity peak. Labeled acetyl-group incorporation into Hb FIc and gamma IcT-1 provided direct evidence for acetylation of gamma chains in Hb FIc. The data indicate that the mRNA itself dictates whether a protein is acetylated and, if so, to what extent. The control appears to be not unique to the human red cell system.
Collapse
|
9
|
Olson EN, Spizz G. Fatty acylation of cellular proteins. Temporal and subcellular differences between palmitate and myristate acylation. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
10
|
Le Cam A, Magnaldo I, Le Cam G, Auberger P. Secretion of a major phosphorylated glycoprotein by hepatocytes. Characterization of specific antibodies and investigations of the processing, excretion kinetics, and phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
11
|
Kiely ML, Riddiford LM. Temporal programming of epidermal cell protein synthesis during the larval-pupal transformation ofManduca sexta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00877370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Kasten-Jolly J, Taketa F. The amino terminal acetylation of cat globin chains and their tryptic peptides. Life Sci 1984; 35:1623-32. [PMID: 6434892 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(84)90172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cat blood contains two major hemoglobins, HbA and HbB, both of which are synthesized within the same red cell. They contain identical alpha chains but different beta chains. HbB is somewhat unusual in that it contains beta chains that are modified by N alpha-acetylation. Although the selective amino terminal acetylation of the beta chain of cat HbB occurs during nascent peptide chain growth, it can also occur after completion of globin chain synthesis and its assembly into hemoglobin. However, the latter process is not as efficient as the former, and it occurs non-enzymatically. Two peptides in a mixture of tryptic peptides from cat HbA and non-acetylated cat HbB contain serine at their amino terminus. One is the octapeptide, non-acetylated B- beta T-1, and the other is the tetrapeptide, alpha T-2, derived from both HbA and HbB. We provide evidence here that in a mixture of soluble tryptic peptides, acetylation of alpha T-2 takes place in the presence of acetyl-CoA and ribosomal acetyltransferase at pH 7.0. The amino terminal acetylation requires the presence of an acetyltransferase.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The rat pituitary contains an enzyme which will acetylate certain ACTH fragments using acetyl coenzyme A. This acetyltransferase activity was found in all three lobes of the rat pituitary as well as in all other tissues examined. The rat pituitary enzyme appears to be largely particulate in nature. The enzyme sedimenting at 27,000 and 100,000 g had specific activities 4-10 times greater than the soluble fraction. The acetyltransferase activity was dependent on substrate concentration (ACTH) and pH, was linear with time, and was inactivated at 55 degrees. The enzyme would acetylate ACTH(1-24), (1-10), and ACTH(4-10), but would not use ACTH(2-10), (3-10), or ACTH(1-8) as substrates. The apparent Km values for the substrates were as follows: AcCoA, 2.2 microM, ACTH(1-24), 4.2 microM; ACTH(1-10), 96 microM; and ACTH(4-10), 37 microM.
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
|
16
|
Cobb MH, Rosen OM. Description of a protein kinase derived from insulin-treated 3T3-L1 cells that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 and casein. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
17
|
Dodd JG, Sheppard PC, Matusik RJ. Characterization and cloning of rat dorsal prostate mRNAs. Androgen regulation of two closely related abundant mRNAs. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
18
|
Separation and identification of type 1 and type 2 protein phosphatases from rabbit reticulocyte lysates. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
19
|
Glembotski CC. Characterization of the peptide acetyltransferase activity in bovine and rat intermediate pituitaries responsible for the acetylation of beta-endorphin and alpha-melanotropin. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
20
|
Bruskin AM, Bedard PA, Tyner AL, Showman RM, Brandhorst BP, Klein WH. A family of proteins accumulating in ectoderm of sea urchin embryos specified by two related cDNA clones. Dev Biol 1982; 91:317-24. [PMID: 6284573 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(82)90038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
21
|
MacConnell WP, Kaplan NO. The activity of the acidic phosphoproteins from the 80 S rat liver ribosome. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)83784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
22
|
Rittschof D, Traugh JA. Identification of casein kinase II and phosphorylated proteins associated with messenger ribonucleoproteins particles from reticulocytes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 123:333-6. [PMID: 7042340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb19772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particles, isolated from reticulocyte polysomes and purified by buoyant density centrifugation in metrizamide, contained an endogenous protein kinase activity. The cyclic-nucleotide-independent protein kinase phosphorylated casein using either ATP or GTP as the phosphoryl donor and had properties similar to casein kinase II, an enzyme previously purified and characterized from the post-ribosomal supernate of reticulocytes. Antibody prepared to casein kinase II was shown to inhibit the protein kinase activity in the mRNP particles. The endogenous enzyme phosphorylated four peptides (Mr 125 000, 107 000, 76 000 and 63 000) in the mRNP particle. Three of the four peptides, plus another (Mr 175 000), were phosphorylated by purified casein kinase II while two peptides (Mr 95 000 and Mr 76 000) were phosphorylated with casein kinase I. The mRNP particles were not substrates for the cAMP-dependent protein kinases.
Collapse
|
23
|
O'Donohue TL, Chappell MC. Distribution of an enzyme which acetylates alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone in rat brain and pituitary gland and effects of arcuate nucleus lesions. Peptides 1982; 3:69-75. [PMID: 7079192 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(82)90144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the distribution of an alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) acetyltransferase (MAT) in rat brain and pituitary gland. Highest activities of MAT were found in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary gland with the anterior lobe containing slightly less. Within the brain, lowest MAT activities were measured in the hypothalamus, the region which contained the highest concentrations of alpha-MSH. Relatively high enzyme activities of MAT were measured in the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum--regions with very low alpha-MSH concentrations. The fact that MAT activity levels did not parallel alpha-MSH concentrations indicates that MAT was not solely localized to alpha-MSH synthesizing neurons or endocrine cells. Furthermore, arcuate nucleus lesions which depleted brain alpha-MSH failed to deplete MAT activity. Although MAT was not solely localized to alpha-MSH synthesizing cells, it may have functional significance for alpha-MSH acetylation due to compartmentalization with alpha-MSH in alpha-MSH synthesizing endocrine cells and neurons. Alternatively a second regionally specific MAT may exist.
Collapse
|
24
|
Pease KA, Dixon JE. Characterization of N-alpha-acetylation of corticotropin fragments by a rat pituitary enzyme. Arch Biochem Biophys 1981; 212:177-85. [PMID: 6272651 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
25
|
Zulauf E, Sánchez F, Tobin SL, Rdest U, McCarthy BJ. Developmental expression of a Drosophila actin gene encoding actin I. Nature 1981; 292:556-8. [PMID: 6789212 DOI: 10.1038/292556a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
26
|
Saborío JL, Palmer E. Brain actin synthesized in vitro undergoes two different and sequential posttranslational modifications. J Neurochem 1981; 36:1659-69. [PMID: 6894614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb00416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The have studied the posttranslational processing of actin molecules synthesized in a cell-free system. The results of these experiments indicate that during the in vitro synthesis of the actins from rat brain the primary translational products undergo two different and sequential posttranslational modifications. These modifications are accompanied by slight changes in the isoelectric points of the proteins and can be detected by isoelectric focusing analysis. The same posttranslational modifications can be detected during the in vitro synthesis of chick embryo skeletal muscle actin. The evidence presented suggest that the first posttranslational modification may correspond to the methylation of a histidine residue, and the second modification most likely corresponds to the acetylation of the NH(2)-terminal amino acid residues of actin molecules.
Collapse
|
27
|
Assembly of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Cell-free synthesis of te Ca2+ + Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase and calsequestrin. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
28
|
Gressner AM, van de Leur E. Interaction of synthetic polynucleotides with small rat liver ribosomal subunits possessing low and highly phosphorylated protein S6. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 608:459-68. [PMID: 7397197 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(80)90191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of some synthetic mRNAs (polyuridylate, polyadenylate, polycytidylate) with small rat liver ribosomal subunits which have protein S6 in different states of phosphorylation was studied by BioGel column chromatography, affinity chromatography on poly(U)-Sepharose 4B, and continuous diafiltration at 4 degrees C. 40-S subunits with low phosphorylated protein S6 (isolated from normal liver) and small subunits with highly phosphorylated protein S6 (from galactosamine-, thioacetamide-, dimethylnitrosamine-, puromycin-, and cycloheximide-treated livers) bind initially equal amounts of poly(U) but the dissociation of the radioactive polyuridylate occurs much more rapidly and to a greater extent from the low than from the highly phosphorylated type of subunits. From control- and galactosamine-4-S subunits 62% and 22%, respectively, of originally bound [3H]poly(U) was removed. The release of initially bound poly(A) from 40-S subunits of galactosamine-treated liver ws retarded but reached finally the same level as with control liver ribosomal subunits (removal of 40% of bound [3H]poly(A)). No differences between low and highly phosphorylated subunits were observed with poly(C). If the dissociation reaction was performed at 22 degrees C instead of 4 degrees C the differences in the release of poly(U) described above disappeared.
Collapse
|
29
|
Gressner AM. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of ribosomal proteins from chronically injured liver. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE CHEMIE UND KLINISCHE BIOCHEMIE 1979; 17:541-5. [PMID: 501300 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1979.17.8.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the small and large ribosomal subunit, isolated at various times from long-term thioacetamide-damaged rat livers, were analysed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and compared with those from normal liver. Chronic hepatic injury induced a number of time-dependent changes of the structural proteins of the small subunit, whereas the proteins of the large subparticle were essentially unaffected. The most significant alterations were an anodical dislocation of protein S6, a strong diminution in the amounts of proteins S9 and S10 and the occurrence of 3 to 4 additional small subunit proteins. By autoradiographic studies it was established that the modifications of S6 were brought about by an enhanced phosphorylation of this protein, which was the earliest sign of a ribosomal alteration in injured liver tissue.
Collapse
|
30
|
The Nalpha-acetylation of corticotropin and fragments of corticotropin by a rat pituitary Nalpha-acetyltransferase. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)50551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
31
|
Kasten-Jolly J, Taketa F. Biosynthesis of cat hemoglobins A and B: amino terminal acetylation of the beta chain of HbB. Arch Biochem Biophys 1979; 192:336-43. [PMID: 434829 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(79)90101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
32
|
Hathaway G, Traugh J. Cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinases from rabbit reticulocytes. Purification of casein kinases. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)37871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
33
|
Tan EL, Yang CS. Phosphorylation of endogenous and exogenous proteins by rat liver microsomal protein kinases. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 10:837-43. [PMID: 510665 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(79)90057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
34
|
Hathaway GM, Lundak TS, Tahara SM, Traugh JA. Isolation of protein kinases from reticulocytes and phosphorylation of initiation factors. Methods Enzymol 1979; 60:495-511. [PMID: 459914 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(79)60047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
35
|
Traugh JA, Sharp SB. Isolation of acetyltransferase activities from rabbit reticulocytes and modification of translational components. Methods Enzymol 1979; 60:534-41. [PMID: 459916 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(79)60050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
36
|
Palmiter RD, Gagnon J, Vogt VM, Ripley S, Eisenman RN. The NH2-terminal sequence of the avian oncovirus gag precursor polyprotein (Pr76gag). Virology 1978; 91:423-33. [PMID: 217156 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
Ribosomal proteins from HeLa cells were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Kaltschmidt-Wittmann) and dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Laemmli). 35 proteins are associated with the small ribosomal subunit and 47 proteins with the large ribosomal subunit. The HeLa ribosomal proteins S6, S32, L40b,c, L41 and L42 are phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro. Minor differences between HeLa and rat liver ribosomal proteins were revealed by their direct coelectrophoresis.
Collapse
|
38
|
|