1
|
Christner P, Yankowski RL, Benditt M, Jimenez SA. Alteration in the conformational stability of collagen caused by the incorporation of the lysine analogue S-2-aminoethylcysteine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1294:37-47. [PMID: 8639712 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(95)00261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of the lysine analogue S-2-aminoethylcysteine on the activation of lysyl tRNA and on the secretion and conformational stability of newly synthesized type I collagen in embryonic chick tendon fibroblasts. The analogue competed efficiently with lysine for activation onto tRNA without affecting significantly the activation of other amino acids (Km for lysine: 1.6 microM; Ki for S-2-aminoethylcysteine: 1.4 microM). The analogue also profoundly inhibited the synthesis and secretion of [14C]procollagen but did not affect the synthesis or secretion of non-collagenous proteins. Although the [14C]proline-labeled procollagen synthesized in the presence of S-2-aminoethylcysteine contained normal levels of hydroxyproline, it was susceptible to digestion with pepsin at 25 degrees C, indicating that incorporation of the analogue altered the conformational stability of the collagen triple helix. This analogue should be a powerful tool to further study the role of lysine on collagen structure and to determine how altered collagen structure affects its synthesis and secretion. Furthermore, this analogue may be a potent and selective inhibitor of collagen accumulation in pathologic conditions accompanied by tissue fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Christner
- The Rheumatology Division, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hatfield DL, Smith DW, Lee BJ, Worland PJ, Oroszlan S. Structure and function of suppressor tRNAs in higher eukaryotes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 1990; 25:71-96. [PMID: 2183969 DOI: 10.3109/10409239009090606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D L Hatfield
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leboy PS, Uschmann BD, Lin D. Increased levels of glycine tRNA associated with collagen synthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 1987; 259:558-66. [PMID: 3426244 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(87)90522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of codon usage for chick Type I collagen indicates that 89% of glycine codons are GGU/C. Since collagens are one-third glycine, chick Type I collagen synthesis should require large amounts of tRNAGly with the anticodon GCC. Earlier chromatographic studies of chick tRNA had indicated that connective tissues showed altered tRNAGly isoacceptor profiles [P. J. Christner and J. Rosenbloom (1976) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 172, 399-409; H. J. Drabkin and L. N. Lukens (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 6233-6241]. We have therefore used both two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and hybridization analysis to investigate whether collagen synthesis in chick connective tissues is associated with expression of a novel tRNAGly. Liver and calvaria tRNAs produced qualitatively similar patterns when separated on 2-D gels. Northern blots of 2-D-separated tRNAs from liver and calvaria, when hybridized to genes for vertebrate tRNAGly isoacceptors with GCC or UCC anticodons, showed hybridization to the same tRNAs in both tissues. Quantitation of tRNA species by dot blot hybridization indicated an increase in levels of the tRNAGly isoacceptor with anticodon GCC. Tissues synthesizing Type I collagen had a two- to threefold increase in this tRNA while tissues synthesizing Type II collagen showed a more modest increase. We conclude that elevated tRNAGly levels associated with collagen synthesis are due to increased amounts of the same isoacceptor which is the major tRNAGly in other tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Leboy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Smith DW, Hatfield DL. Effects of post-transcriptional base modifications on the site-specific function of transfer RNA in eukaryote translation. J Mol Biol 1986; 189:663-71. [PMID: 3783686 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The site-specific function in translation of several naturally occurring mammalian transfer RNAs has been studied in a series of investigations with some similarities to studies in other laboratories of tRNAs in suppression. Equal amounts of aminoacyl-tRNA isoacceptors with contrasting isotopes were added in pairs to reticulocyte lysates and allowed to incorporate their amino acids into rabbit globin. Rates of incorporation from unlimiting amounts of each isoacceptor into the corresponding amino-acid-containing sites were determined. The tRNAs of each isoacceptor pair differed as to post-transcriptional base modifications. The natural occurrence of these isoacceptors can be correlated with rates of cellular division, with more rapidly dividing and neoplastic cells containing hypomodified tRNA. The overall incorporation of lysine into globin from a fully modified tRNALys that decodes AAG is faster by 25 to 30% than from the corresponding hypomodified tRNALys. There is considerable scatter in values for incorporation ratios at different lysine-containing sites, with the hypomodified isoacceptor even being preferred at one site. The AAG decoding isoacceptors are capable of translating AAA although much more slowly than AAG. In translating AAA, in contrast to translating AAG, the hypomodified tRNALys isoacceptor is preferred. A Y base-deficient hypomodified tRNAPhe isoacceptor found only in some kinds of rapidly dividing tumor cells donates its phenylalanine preferentially to globin in competition with the fully modified Y-containing tRNAPhe of liver by 15 to 17%. There is a considerable range of incorporation ratios at the different phenylalanine-containing sites of the globin subunits. No correlation can be made between the isoacceptor preferred and the phenylalanine codon being translated. The incorporation of histidine from a fully modified tRNAHis-containing Q base in its anticodon, compared with that from the hypomodified counterpart isoacceptor that lacks Q base and that occurs in rapidly dividing cells, showed no difference in their ability to incorporate overall or into individual histidine-containing sites. There is little evidence that adjacent bases or codons in messenger RNA affect the tRNAs preferred in the translation of most sites. A striking pattern of tRNA preference was observed in three cases in which there are tandem codons, with the same codon appearing twice in succession.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Collapse
|
5
|
Loehrke B. Prediction of growth with kinetics of cell-free translation systems. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1985; 70:667-670. [PMID: 24253126 DOI: 10.1007/bf00252294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/1984] [Accepted: 03/01/1985] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of cell-free translation systems containing as main components washed rat liver polysomes and muscle cell sap from a muscle piece of the proband, can be used for predicting body growth rate or muscle tissue growth in cattle and swine. A muscle biopsy from the hindquarters of animals aged about 45 days is the source of the muscle fraction. It introduces into the translation systems the required aminoacylated tRNA and translational initiating and elongating factors containing the muscle cell sap fraction of the proband. Based on a polynomial regression of the type [Formula: see text] the coefficient of the multiple correlation between either the growth rate or the lifetime-related muscle mass (Y) of the carcass of boars aged 195±19 days or of bulls aged 450±20 days and the translational kinetics (T) is 0.60-0.8. A generalized expression of the relationship between growth criterions Y (muscle tissue growth rate or nutritional energy expenditure for the growth rate) is [Formula: see text] where S y (2) is the variance of the growth criterion; L is a constant, its value is approximately 2; and f(T) is the function mentioned above. If T is measured in sires and Y in male offsprings, the coefficient of the genetic correlation between a linear combination of Ti and Y is 0.6-0.9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Loehrke
- Forschungszentrum für Tierproduktion Dummerstorf-Rostock, Abteilung für Genetik, Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR, DDR-2551, Dummerstorf, German Democratic Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jones GH. Function of ribosomes and glutamyl-tRNA isoacceptors in protein synthesis in regenerating skeletal muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1985; 824:324-9. [PMID: 2859050 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(85)90038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomes from 8-day-regenerating rat skeletal muscle have been shown to be more active in poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis than ribosomes from control muscle. This difference persists after salt washing of the ribosomes and does not appear to be due to the presence of ribonuclease associated with the control ribosome population. Ribosomes from control muscle were also less active than those from regenerates in the nonenzymatic binding of phenylalanyl-tRNA to ribosomes and in the peptidyltransferase reaction. Three glutamyl-tRNA isoacceptors have been isolated from 8-day-regenerating rat skeletal muscle by preparative RPC-5 chromatography of total tRNA charged with [3H]glutamic acid. The two major isoacceptors observed, tRNAgluI and tRNAgluIII, respond to the glutamic acid codons GAG and GAA, respectively. A third, minor glutamyl isoacceptor, tRNAgluII, also responds to the codon GAA. When the three isoacceptors were tested for function in a polysomal cell-free protein synthesizing system, it was found that their relative levels of utilization were essentially identical to their relative abundances. Thus, the tRNA which increases in relative amount after the induction of regeneration, tRNAgluII, is not preferentially utilized for overall muscle protein synthesis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Smith DW, McNamara AL, Mushinski JF, Hatfield DL. Tumor-specific, hypomodified phenylalanyl-tRNA is utilized in translation in preference to the fully modified isoacceptor of normal cells. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
8
|
Sandell LJ, Prentice HL, Kravis D, Upholt WB. Structure and sequence of the chicken type II procollagen gene. Characterization of the region encoding the carboxyl-terminal telopeptide and propeptide. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
9
|
Wahba AJ, Woodley CL. Molecular aspects of development in the brine shrimp Artemia. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1984; 31:221-65. [PMID: 6397772 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
10
|
Jones GH. Acceptor activity, isoacceptor profiles and function in protein synthesis of transfer RNAs from regenerating skeletal muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION 1983; 741:333-40. [PMID: 6557823 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(83)90153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transfer RNAs have been prepared from control and regenerating rat skeletal muscle. The yield of tRNA is highest during the early stages of the regeneration process (5 and 8 days following the induction of regeneration) and decreases to near control values thereafter. The amino acid acceptor activity (extent of aminoacylation) of tRNA from regenerating muscle was also found to be higher for some amino acids than the activity of control tRNA, and the maximum increase in activity was observed between 5 and 8 days following the initiation of regeneration with a decrease to control levels through 15 and 30 days. The isoacceptor pattern, determined by RPC-5 chromatography, for methionyl-tRNAs from control muscle and 5-day regenerating muscle were essentially indistinguishable, while a minor peak of prolyl-tRNA was observed in the population from 5-, 8- and 15-day regenerates which was apparently absent from the control tRNA. Lysyl-tRNAs from control muscle contain two major isoacceptors while a third isoacceptor is observed in the tRNA preparations from 5-, 8- and 15-day regenerating muscle. The relative amount of this third isoacceptor is highest in the 8-day population and decreases in amount in tRNAs from 15- and 30-day regenerates. Control muscle also contains two major glutamyl-tRNA species while a third isoacceptor can be detected in regenerates. The relative amount of this species increases during the early course of the regeneration process but is present at near control levels by 30 days following Marcaine injection. Cell-free protein synthesis using muscle polyribosomes showed that tRNAs from regenerating muscle were more effective in stimulating [35S]methionine incorporation than tRNAs from control muscle.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kavinsky CJ, Umeda PK, Sinha AM, Elzinga M, Tong SW, Zak R, Jakovcic S, Rabinowitz M. Cloned mRNA sequences for two types of embryonic myosin heavy chains from chick skeletal muscle. I. DNA and derived amino acid sequence of light meromyosin. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
12
|
Kessous C, Befort JJ, Befort N, Benmiloud M. Effects of thyroidectomy on heart and liver rat tRNAs: study of chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviour. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1983; 29:223-35. [PMID: 6550540 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(83)90215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Modifications of tRNAs in various physiological or experimental conditions are well documented. We have compared isoacceptor tRNAs extracted from target organs (heart and liver) from thyroidectomized rats to those of control animals. Nine liver aminoacyl-tRNAs and eight heart aminoacyl-tRNAs from thyroidectomized and control rats were analysed by RPC-5 chromatography. Quantitative differences were demonstrated in the relative proportions of the various liver tRNA isoacceptors for glycine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine and serine and of the heart isoacceptor tRNAs for glycine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine and valine. A qualitative variation was noted only for tRNATyr from the heart and liver of thyroidectomized rats. Isoacceptor tRNAs were obtained at a high resolution using a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isoacceptor tRNAs corresponding to 14 amino acids for the liver and 12 amino acids for the heart were identified. Although for most of the tRNAs examined the number of isoacceptors remained unchanged, the number of spots corresponding to tRNAGlu and tRNAHis from the liver and tRNAAla from the heart was different after thyroidectomy. Furthermore the change in electrophoretic behaviour of tRNATyr from the liver of thyroidectomized rats suggests a structural modification of one of the isoacceptors in relation to the change in thyroid status. Thus, thyroid hormones appear to induce some modification of the isoacceptor tRNAs in their target organs.
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Goldman E. Effect of rate-limiting elongation on bacteriophage MS2 RNA-directed protein synthesis in extracts of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 1982; 158:619-36. [PMID: 6750139 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
15
|
Smith DW, McNamara AL. The effect of the Q base modification on the usage of tRNAHis in globin synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1982; 104:1459-63. [PMID: 6280714 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(82)91414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
16
|
Marques N, Sonohara S, Salles JM, Brentani RR. Reiteration frequency of procollagen genes in the guinea pig genome. Collagen genes are not amplified during granuloma fibroblasts differentiation. Biosystems 1982; 15:65-73. [PMID: 7082785 DOI: 10.1016/0303-2647(82)90018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Procollagen mRNA was purified from collagen synthesizing polysomes obtained from an experimental guinea pig granuloma, and iodinated in vitro. The procollagen 125I-labelled mRNA was hibridized with granuloma and liver guinea pig DNA in vast DNA excess conditions. A Cot 1/2 800-900 mol . s . 1-1 for both tissues was obtained from the hybridization curves. With these results, we could suggest the existence of 11-13 procollagen genes per haploid genome. By the analysis of the hybridization data it was possible to infer that there is no genomic amplification in tissues highly specialized in the synthesis of collagen such as granuloma.
Collapse
|
17
|
Davidson J, Smith K, Shibahara S, Tolstoshev P, Crystal R. Regulation of elastin synthesis in developing sheep nuchal ligament by elastin mRNA levels. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
18
|
The effects of a post-transcriptional modification on the function of tRNALys isoaccepting species in translation. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
19
|
Kedzierski W, Augustyniak H, Pawelkiewicz J. Aminoacylation of four tRNA species in lupin (Lupinus luteus) cotyledons. PLANTA 1980; 147:439-443. [PMID: 24311166 DOI: 10.1007/bf00380185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/1979] [Accepted: 09/20/1979] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
During germination of lupin seeds, the levels of in-vivo tRNA aminoacylation increase in different ways, depending on the species of tRNA. Column chromatography of tRNA on reverse-phase-chromatography (RPC-5) has shown the presence of 4 peaks of isoleucyl-tRNA, 5 of leucyl-tRNA, 5 of lysyl-tRNA, 2 of tyrosyl-tRNA, and 4 of valyl-tRNA. Cochromatography of periodate treated and control tRNA preparations, labeled with radioactive amino acids, indicates identical aminoacylation in vivo of isoaccepting tRNAs during plant development. One isoacceptor of isoleucine tRNA changes its elution profile after periodate treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Kedzierski
- Institute of Biochemistry, Academy of Agriculture, Wolyńska 35, PL-60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Osterman LA. Participation of tRNA in regulation of protein biosynthesis at the translational level in eukaryotes. Biochimie 1979; 61:323-42. [PMID: 378268 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(79)80126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
21
|
Goldman E, Holmes WM, Hatfield GW. Specificity of codon recognition by Escherichia coli tRNALeu isoaccepting species determined by protein synthesis in vitro directed by phage RNA. J Mol Biol 1979; 129:567-85. [PMID: 383997 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
22
|
Chavancy G, Chevallier A, Fournier A, Garel JP. Adaptation of iso-tRNA concentration to mRNA codon frequency in the eukaryote cell. Biochimie 1979; 61:71-8. [PMID: 435560 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(79)80314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
23
|
Harwood R. Collagen polymorphism and messenger RNA. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE RESEARCH 1979; 8:159-226. [PMID: 389858 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-363708-6.50011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
24
|
Drabkin H, Lukens L. Preferential use in collagen synthesis of the same glycyl-tRNA species that is elevated in collagen-synthesizing tissues. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|