INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN p-AMINOBENZOIC ACID AND PTEROYLGLUTAMIC ACID AS GROWTH FACTORS FOR LACTOBACILLI

Design and development of novel N ‐(4‐aminobenzoyl)‐ l ‐glutamic acid conjugated 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives as Pf ‐DHFR inhibitor: An in‐silico and in‐vitro study

In the present work, a library of 120 compounds was prepared using various aliphatic and aromatic amines. Finally, 10 compounds were selected through in silico screening carrying 4-aminobenzoyl-l-glutamic acid and 1,3,5-triazine moiety. The docking results of compounds 4d16 and 4d38 revealed higher binding interaction with amino acids Asp54 (-537.96 kcal/mol) and Asp54, Phe116 (-618.22 kcal/mol) against wild (1J3I) and quadruple mutant (1J3K) type of Pf-DHFR inhibitors and were comparable to standard WR99210. These compounds were developed by facile and microwave-assisted synthesis via nucleophilic substitution reaction and characterized by different spectroscopic methods. In vitro antimalarial assay results also suggested that these two compounds were having higher antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) strain out of the ten synthesized compounds with IC₅₀ 13.25 μM and 14.72 μM, respectively. These hybrid scaffolds might be useful in the lead discovery of a new class of Pf-DHFR inhibitors.

FORMATION OF FOLIC ACID RELATED COMPOUNDS BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS

Bacillus subtilis elaborates a series of PGA-related compounds apparently similar to those synthesized by Lactobacillus plantarum, but in larger quantities.Paper chromatography of the broth, or of concentrates derived by ion exchange and carbon treatment of the broth, reveals the presence of six factors having activity for Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecalis, or Pediococcus cerevisiae.Separation of the six active components by standard isolation techniques permitted the identification of four known folic acid related compounds and of two materials not previously reported and presumed therefore to be novel.The four known compounds are pteroic, folic, folinic, and N10-formylfolic acids. Pteroic and folic acids are not produced per se by B. subtilis but arise as degradation products. Both of the novel compounds are unstable. One of these has an Rf value of 0.35 in 5% aqueous Na2HPO4 and is active for S. faecalis but not for L. casei. This compound decomposes to yield pteroic acid. The second novel material has an Rf value of 0.55 and is active for both S. faecalis and L. casei. Decomposition of this material yields folic acid.

The action of 2:4-diamino-6:7-diisopropylpteridine upon Plasmodium gallinaceum and its relation to other compounds which are pteroylglutamic acid antagonists

1. Two strains ofPlasmodium gallinaceumwere made resistant to 2:4-diamino-6:7-diisopropylpteridine (0/129) by treatment with that drug.

2. The 0/129-resistant strains were resistant to proguanil, pyrimethamine, 2:4-diamino-6:7-diphenylpteridine (0/63) and 2:4-diamino-5-(p–chlorophenoxy)-6-methylpyrimidine (48–210), but not to sulphadiazine.

3. In one strain treated with 0/129, the development of resistance to that drug itself preceded resistance to proguanil, and resistance to proguanil preceded resis tance to pyrimethamine.

4. A strain ofP. gallinaceummade resistant to 0/63 was resistant to proguanil, pyrimethamine and 0/129, but not to sulphadiazine.

5. The action of 0/129 and proguanil uponP. gallinaceumwas not antagonized byp–A.B., though in the minimum effective dose their action was antagonized by relatively large doses of P.G.A.

6. Whereas the action of sulphadiazine uponP. gallinaceumwas antagonized competitively byp–A.B., it was antagonized by P.G.A. only when the sulphadiazine was given in small doses.