1
|
Antwi FD, Awad T, Larin M, Heesom K, Lewis P, Reddell P, Poghosyan Z, Dewitt S, Moseley R, Knäuper V. Tigilanol Tiglate-Induced Changes in Secretome Profiles Alter C-Met Phosphorylation and Cell Surface Protein Expression in H357 Head and Neck Cancer Cells. Cells 2024; 13:982. [PMID: 38891113 PMCID: PMC11171882 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tigilanol tiglate (TT, also known as EBC-46) is a novel, plant-derived diterpene ester possessing anticancer and wound-healing properties. Here, we show that TT-evoked PKC-dependent S985 phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase MET leads to subsequent degradation of tyrosine phosphorylated p-Y1003 and p-Y1234/5 MET species. PKC inhibition with BIM-1 blocked S985 phosphorylation of MET and led to MET cell surface accumulation. Treatment with metalloproteinase inhibitors prevented MET-ECD release into cell culture media, which was also blocked by PKC inhibitors. Furthermore, unbiased secretome analysis, performed using TMT-technology, identified additional targets of TT-dependent release of cell surface proteins from H357 head and neck cancer cells. We confirm that the MET co-signalling receptor syndecan-1 was cleaved from the cell surface in response to TT treatment. This was accompanied by rapid cleavage of the cellular junction adhesion protein Nectin-1 and the nerve growth factor receptor NGFRp75/TNFR16. These findings, that TT is a novel negative regulator of protumorigenic c-MET and NGFRp75/TNFR16 signalling, as well as regulating Nectin-1-mediated cell adhesion, further contribute to our understanding of the mode of action and efficacy of TT in the treatment of solid tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Dickson Antwi
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK (S.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Tufaha Awad
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK (S.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Meghan Larin
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK (S.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Kate Heesom
- Bristol Proteomics Facility, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Phil Lewis
- Bristol Proteomics Facility, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | | | - Zaruhi Poghosyan
- School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sharon Dewitt
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK (S.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Ryan Moseley
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK (S.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Vera Knäuper
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK (S.D.); (R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohan CD, Shanmugam MK, Gowda SGS, Chinnathambi A, Rangappa KS, Sethi G. c-MET pathway in human malignancies and its targeting by natural compounds for cancer therapy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155379. [PMID: 38503157 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase which is classically activated by HGF to activate its downstream signaling cascades such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and STAT3. The c-MET modulates cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune response, morphogenesis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The c-MET has been shown to serve a prominent role in embryogenesis and early development. The c-MET pathway is deregulated in a broad range of malignancies, due to overexpression of ligands or receptors, genomic amplification, and MET mutations. The link between the deregulation of c-MET signaling and tumor progression has been well-documented. Overexpression or overactivation of c-MET is associated with dismal clinical outcomes and acquired resistance to targeted therapies. Since c-MET activation results in the triggering of oncogenic pathways, abrogating the c-MET pathway is considered to be a pivotal strategy in cancer therapeutics. Herein, an analysis of role of the c-MET pathway in human cancers and its relevance in bone metastasis and therapeutic resistance has been undertaken. Also, an attempt has been made to summarize the inhibitory activity of selected natural compounds towards c-MET signaling in cancers. METHODS The publications related to c-MET pathway in malignancies and its natural compound modulators were obtained from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar and summarized based on PRISMA guidelines. Some of the keywords used for extracting relevant literature are c-MET, natural compound inhibitors of c-MET, c-MET in liver cancer, c-MET in breast cancer, c-MET in lung cancer, c-MET in pancreatic cancer, c-MET in head and neck cancer, c-MET in bone metastasis, c-MET in therapeutic resistance, and combination of c-MET inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents. The chemical structure of natural compounds was verified in PubChem database. RESULTS The search yielded 3935 publications, of which 195 reference publications were used for our analysis. Clinical trials were referenced using ClinicalTrials.gov identifier. The c-MET pathway has been recognized as a prominent target to combat the growth, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance in cancers. The key role of the c-MET in bone metastasis as well as therapeutic resistance has been elaborated. Also, suppressive effect of selected natural compounds on the c-MET pathway in clinical/preclinical studies has been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan
- FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001, India
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | | | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanchugarakoppal S Rangappa
- Institution of Excellence, Vijnana Bhavan, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570006, India.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guérin C, Tulasne D. Recording and classifying MET receptor mutations in cancers. eLife 2024; 13:e92762. [PMID: 38652103 PMCID: PMC11042802 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) directed against MET have been recently approved to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring activating MET mutations. This success is the consequence of a long characterization of MET mutations in cancers, which we propose to outline in this review. MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), displays in a broad panel of cancers many deregulations liable to promote tumour progression. The first MET mutation was discovered in 1997, in hereditary papillary renal cancer (HPRC), providing the first direct link between MET mutations and cancer development. As in other RTKs, these mutations are located in the kinase domain, leading in most cases to ligand-independent MET activation. In 2014, novel MET mutations were identified in several advanced cancers, including lung cancers. These mutations alter splice sites of exon 14, causing in-frame exon 14 skipping and deletion of a regulatory domain. Because these mutations are not located in the kinase domain, they are original and their mode of action has yet to be fully elucidated. Less than five years after the discovery of such mutations, the efficacy of a MET TKI was evidenced in NSCLC patients displaying MET exon 14 skipping. Yet its use led to a resistance mechanism involving acquisition of novel and already characterized MET mutations. Furthermore, novel somatic MET mutations are constantly being discovered. The challenge is no longer to identify them but to characterize them in order to predict their transforming activity and their sensitivity or resistance to MET TKIs, in order to adapt treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célia Guérin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR1277 - Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesLilleFrance
| | - David Tulasne
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR1277 - Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesLilleFrance
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rocco D, Gravara LD, Palazzolo G, Gridelli C. The Treatment of a New Entity in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutation. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3043-3056. [PMID: 37534484 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230803094432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MET (MET Proto-Oncogene, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) exon 14 skipping mutation represents one of the most common MET alterations, accounting for approximately 1-3% of all mutations in advanced lung adenocarcinomas. While until 2020 no specific treatment was available for this subset of patients, as of today, three MET Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) are currently approved in this setting, namely capmatinib, tepotinib and savolitinib. OBJECTIVE This article aims to provide an extensive overview of the current therapeutic standard of care for exon 14 skipped advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients, alongside with mentions of the main future challenges and opportunities. CONCLUSION FDA-approved MET-TKIs currently represent the best option for treating exon 14 skipped advanced NSCLC patients, thanks to their excellent efficacy profile, alongside their manageable safety and tolerability. However, we currently lack specific agents to treat patients progressing on capmatinib or tepotinib, due to a limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying both on- and off-target resistance. In this respect, on-target mutations presently constitute the most explored ones from a mechanistic point of view, and type II MET-TKIs are currently under investigation as the most promising agents capable of overcoming the acquired resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Rocco
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, AORN dei Colli Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Della Gravara
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Gridelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bracho-Valdés I, Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Beltrán-Navarro YM, Olguín-Olguín A, Escobar-Islas E, Carretero-Ortega J, Olivares-Reyes JA, Reyes-Cruz G, Gutkind JS, Vázquez-Prado J. Akt Is Controlled by Bag5 through a Monoubiquitination to Polyubiquitination Switch. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17531. [PMID: 38139359 PMCID: PMC10743781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine-threonine kinase Akt plays a fundamental role in cell survival, metabolism, proliferation, and migration. To keep these essential processes under control, Akt activity and stability must be tightly regulated; otherwise, life-threatening conditions might prevail. Although it is well understood that phosphorylation regulates Akt activity, much remains to be known about how its stability is maintained. Here, we characterize BAG5, a chaperone regulator, as a novel Akt-interactor and substrate that attenuates Akt stability together with Hsp70. BAG5 switches monoubiquitination to polyubiquitination of Akt and increases its degradation caused by Hsp90 inhibition and Hsp70 overexpression. Akt interacts with BAG5 at the linker region that joins the first and second BAG domains and phosphorylates the first BAG domain. The Akt-BAG5 complex is formed in serum-starved conditions and dissociates in response to HGF, coincident with BAG5 phosphorylation. BAG5 knockdown attenuated Akt degradation and facilitated its activation, whereas the opposite effect was caused by BAG5 overexpression. Altogether, our results indicate that Akt stability and signaling are dynamically regulated by BAG5, depending on growth factor availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Bracho-Valdés
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
- Academic Department of Apparatus and Systems I, Deanship of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Zapopan 45129, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Daniel Cervantes-Villagrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yarely Mabell Beltrán-Navarro
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
| | - Adán Olguín-Olguín
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
| | - Estanislao Escobar-Islas
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
| | - Jorge Carretero-Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
| | - J. Alberto Olivares-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Department of Cell Biology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - José Vázquez-Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.B.-V.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fernandes M, Hoggard B, Jamme P, Paget S, Truong M, Grégoire V, Vinchent A, Descarpentries C, Morabito A, Stanislovas J, Farage E, Meneboo J, Sebda S, Bouchekioua‐Bouzaghou K, Nollet M, Humez S, Perera T, Fromme P, Grumolato L, Figeac M, Copin M, Tulasne D, Cortot AB, Kermorgant S, Kherrouche Z. MET exon 14 skipping mutation is a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-dependent oncogenic driver in vitro and in humanised HGF knock-in mice. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2257-2274. [PMID: 36799689 PMCID: PMC10620121 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exon skipping mutations of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase (METex14), increasingly reported in cancers, occur in 3-4% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Only 50% of patients have a beneficial response to treatment with MET-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), underlying the need to understand the mechanism of METex14 oncogenicity and sensitivity to TKIs. Whether METex14 is a driver mutation and whether it requires hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) for its oncogenicity in a range of in vitro functions and in vivo has not been fully elucidated from previous preclinical models. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we developed a METex14/WT isogenic model in nontransformed human lung cells and report that the METex14 single alteration was sufficient to drive MET-dependent in vitro anchorage-independent survival and motility and in vivo tumorigenesis, sensitising tumours to MET-TKIs. However, we also show that human HGF (hHGF) is required, as demonstrated in vivo using a humanised HGF knock-in strain of mice and further detected in tumour cells of METex14 NSCLC patient samples. Our results also suggest that METex14 oncogenicity is not a consequence of an escape from degradation in our cell model. Thus, we developed a valuable model for preclinical studies and present results that have potential clinical implication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fernandes
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR1277 - Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesFrance
| | | | - Philippe Jamme
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR1277 - Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesFrance
| | - Sonia Paget
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR1277 - Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesFrance
| | - Marie‐José Truong
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR1277 - Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesFrance
| | | | - Audrey Vinchent
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR1277 - Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesFrance
| | | | - Angela Morabito
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR1277 - Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesFrance
| | | | - Enoir Farage
- Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonUK
| | - Jean‐Pascal Meneboo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, LilleFrance
| | - Shéhérazade Sebda
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, LilleFrance
| | | | - Marie Nollet
- Barts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonUK
| | - Sarah Humez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR1277 - Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesFrance
- Univ LilleDepartment of Pathology, CHU LilleFrance
| | | | - Paul Fromme
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonUK
| | - Luca Grumolato
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC UMR 1239, 76000 RouenFrance
| | - Martin Figeac
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, LilleFrance
| | - Marie‐Christine Copin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR1277 - Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesFrance
- Univ LilleDepartment of Pathology, CHU LilleFrance
| | - David Tulasne
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR1277 - Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesFrance
| | - Alexis B. Cortot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR1277 - Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesFrance
- Univ. LilleThoracic Oncology Department, CHU LilleFrance
| | | | - Zoulika Kherrouche
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR1277 - Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesFrance
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fernandes M, Paget S, Kherrouche Z, Truong MJ, Vinchent A, Meneboo JP, Sebda S, Werkmeister E, Descarpentries C, Figeac M, Cortot AB, Tulasne D. Transforming properties of MET receptor exon 14 skipping can be recapitulated by loss of the CBL ubiquitin ligase binding site. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2301-2315. [PMID: 37468447 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated in many cancers through various mechanisms. MET exon 14 (Ex14) skipping occurs in 3% of nonsmall cell lung tumors. However, the contribution of the regulatory sites lost upon this skipping, which include a phosphorylated serine (S985) and a binding site for the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL (Y1003), remains elusive. Sequencing of 2808 lung tumors revealed 71 mutations leading to MET exon 14 skipping and three mutations affecting Y1003 or S985. In addition, MET exon 14 skipping and MET Y1003F induced similar transcriptional programs, increased the activation of downstream signaling pathways, and increased cell mobility. Therefore, the MET Y1003F mutation is able to fully recapitulate responses induced by MET exon 14 skipping, suggesting that loss of the CBL binding site is the main contributor of cell transformation induced by MET Ex14 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fernandes
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Sonia Paget
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Zoulika Kherrouche
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Marie-José Truong
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Audrey Vinchent
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Meneboo
- Plateau de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Structurale, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Shéhérazade Sebda
- Plateau de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Structurale, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Elisabeth Werkmeister
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US41 - UMS2014 - PLBS, Univ. Lille, France
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, France
| | | | - Martin Figeac
- Plateau de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Structurale, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, France
| | - Alexis B Cortot
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, France
- Thoracic Oncology Department, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, France
| | - David Tulasne
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Van Herpe F, Van Cutsem E. The Role of cMET in Gastric Cancer—A Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071976. [PMID: 37046637 PMCID: PMC10093530 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is an important cause of cancer worldwide with over one million new cases yearly. The vast majority of cases present in stage IV disease, and it still bears a poor prognosis. However, since 2010, progress has been made with the introduction of targeted therapies against HER2 and with checkpoint inhibitors (PDL1). More agents interfering with other targets (FGFR2B, CLDN18.2) are being investigated. cMET is a less frequent molecular target that has been studied for gastric cancer. It is a proto-oncogene that leads to activation of the MAPK pathway and the PI3K pathway, which is responsible for activating the MTOR pathway. The prevalence of cMET is strongly debated as different techniques are being used to detect MET-driven tumors. Because of the difference in diagnostic assays, selecting patients who benefit from cMET inhibitors is difficult. In this review, we discuss the pathway of cMET, its clinical significance and the different diagnostic assays that are currently used, such as immunohistochemy (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the H-score and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Next, we discuss all the current data on cMET inhibitors in gastric cancer. Since the data on cMET inhibitors are very heterogenous, it is difficult to provide a general consensus on the outcome, as inclusion criteria differ between trials. Diagnosing cMET-driven gastric tumors is difficult, and potentially the only accurate determination of cMET overexpression/amplification may be next-generation sequencing (NGS).
Collapse
|
9
|
Tokarski M, Cierzniak A, Baczynska D. Role of hypoxia on microRNA-dependant regulation of HGFA - HGF - c-Met signalling pathway in human progenitor and mature endothelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 152:106310. [PMID: 36182093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is considered to be one of the key pro-angiogenic cytokines that stimulates endothelial cells to proliferate and migrate. The activation of the precursor form of HGF is primarily undertaken by the serine protease HGFA. Research indicates that HIF-1α hypoxia stimulates the expression of HGFA, which is synthesized by a range of cells including fibroblasts, endothelium, and macrophages. To date, little is known about the potential role of epigenetic factors in the regulation of the HGFA - HGF - c-Met signalling pathway. The literature suggests that there are several microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) directly affecting the expression of c-Met under normoxic conditions. The main objective of the research described was to explore the effect of chemically-induced hypoxia on the expression of miRNA molecules in human progenitor and mature endothelial cells, with particulate attention paid to those miRNAs that may specifically affect the HGFA - HGF - c-Met signalling pathway. This publication sheds new light on the role of miRNAs in hypoxia, as well as identifying several miRNAs directly involved in the regulation of HGFA, HGF and c-Met expression in hypoxic conditions. The results indicate that hsa-miR-335-5p, hsa-miR-425-5p and hsa-miR-101-3p are the major miRNAs that appear to play an important role in the regulation of the HGFA - HGF - c-Met signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miron Tokarski
- Department of Molecular Techniques, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 52, Wrocław 50-369, Poland.
| | - Aneta Cierzniak
- Department of Molecular Techniques, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 52, Wrocław 50-369, Poland
| | - Dagmara Baczynska
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, Wrocław 50-556, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
MacNeil IA, Khan SA, Sen A, Soltani SM, Burns DJ, Sullivan BF, Laing LG. Functional signaling test identifies HER2 negative breast cancer patients who may benefit from c-Met and pan-HER combination therapy. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:4. [PMID: 34998412 PMCID: PMC8742957 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research is revealing the complex coordination between cell signaling systems as they adapt to genetic and epigenetic changes. Tools to uncover these highly complex functional linkages will play an important role in advancing more efficacious disease treatments. Current tumor cell signal transduction research is identifying coordination between receptor types, receptor families, and transduction pathways to maintain tumor cell viability despite challenging tumor microenvironment conditions. Methods In this report, coactivated abnormal levels of signaling activity for c-Met and HER family receptors in live tumor cells were measured by a new clinical test to identify a subpopulation of breast cancer patients that could be responsive to combined targeted therapies. The CELsignia Multi-Pathway Signaling Function (CELsignia) Test uses an impedance biosensor to quantify an individual patient’s ex vivo live tumor cell signaling response in real-time to specific HER family and c-Met co-stimulation and targeted therapies. Results The test identified breast tumors with hyperactive HER1, HER2, HER3/4, and c-Met coordinated signaling that express otherwise normal amounts of these receptors. The supporting data of the pre-clinical verification of this test included analyses of 79 breast cancer patients’ cell response to HER and c-Met agonists. The signaling results were confirmed using clinically approved matching targeted drugs, and combinations of targeted drugs in addition to correlative mouse xenograft tumor response to HER and c-Met targeted therapies. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated the potential benefit of a functional test for identifying a subpopulation of breast cancer patients with coordinated abnormal HER and c-Met signaling for a clinical trial testing combination targeted therapy. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-021-00798-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian A MacNeil
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - Salmaan A Khan
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - Adrish Sen
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - Sajjad M Soltani
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - David J Burns
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - Brian F Sullivan
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA
| | - Lance G Laing
- Celcuity, Inc., 16305 36th Ave N, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN, 55446, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Garcia-Robledo JE, Rosell R, Ruíz-Patiño A, Sotelo C, Arrieta O, Zatarain-Barrón L, Ordoñez C, Jaller E, Rojas L, Russo A, de Miguel-Pérez D, Rolfo C, Cardona AF. KRAS and MET in non-small-cell lung cancer: two of the new kids on the 'drivers' block. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2022; 16:17534666211066064. [PMID: 35098800 PMCID: PMC8808025 DOI: 10.1177/17534666211066064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease, and therapeutic management has advanced to identify various critical oncogenic mutations that promote lung cancer tumorigenesis. Subsequent studies have developed targeted therapies against these oncogenes in the hope of personalized treatment based on the tumor's molecular genomics. This review presents a comprehensive review of the biology, new therapeutic interventions, and resistance patterns of two well-defined subgroups, tumors with KRAS and MET alterations. We also discuss the status of molecular testing practices for these two key oncogenic drivers, considering the progressive introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and RNA sequencing in regular clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP)/Dr. Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ruíz-Patiño
- Direction of Research and Education, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center (CTIC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Sotelo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, México
| | - Lucia Zatarain-Barrón
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, México
| | - Camila Ordoñez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elvira Jaller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Rojas
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Department of Clinical Oncology, Clínica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo, Messina, Italy Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diego de Miguel-Pérez
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Grundy M, Narendran A. The hepatocyte growth factor/mesenchymal epithelial transition factor axis in high-risk pediatric solid tumors and the anti-tumor activity of targeted therapeutic agents. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:910268. [PMID: 36034555 PMCID: PMC9399617 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.910268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials completed in the last two decades have contributed significantly to the improved overall survival of children with cancer. In spite of these advancements, disease relapse still remains a significant cause of death in this patient population. Often, increasing the intensity of current protocols is not feasible because of cumulative toxicity and development of drug resistance. Therefore, the identification and clinical validation of novel targets in high-risk and refractory childhood malignancies are essential to develop effective new generation treatment protocols. A number of recent studies have shown that the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-MET) influence the growth, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer cells. Therefore, the c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase and HGF have been identified as potential targets for cancer therapeutics and recent years have seen a race to synthesize molecules to block their expression and function. In this review we aim to summarize the literature that explores the potential and biological rationale for targeting the HGF/c-MET pathway in common and high-risk pediatric solid tumors. We also discuss selected recent and ongoing clinical trials with these agents in relapsed pediatric tumors that may provide applicable future treatments for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Grundy
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aru Narendran
- POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bahcall M, Paweletz CP, Kuang Y, Taus LJ, Sim T, Kim ND, Dholakia KH, Lau CJ, Gokhale PC, Chopade PR, Hong F, Wei Z, Köhler J, Kirschmeier PT, Guo J, Guo S, Wang S, Janne PA. Combination of type I and type II MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors as therapeutic approach to prevent resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 21:322-335. [PMID: 34789563 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MET targeted therapies are clinically effective in MET amplified and MET exon 14 deletion mutant (METex14) non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) but their efficacy is limited by the development of drug resistance. Structurally distinct MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (type I/II) have been developed or are under clinical evaluation, which may overcome MET mediated drug resistance mechanisms. In this study, we assess secondary MET mutations likely to emerge in response to treatment with single-agent or combinations of type I/type II MET TKIs using TPR-MET transformed Ba/F3 cell mutagenesis assays. We found that these inhibitors gave rise to distinct secondary MET mutant profiles. However, a combination of type I/II TKI inhibitors (capmatinib and merestinib) yielded no resistant clones in vitro. The combination of capmatinib/merestinib was evaluated in vivo and led to a significant reduction in tumor outgrowth compared to either MET inhibitor alone. Our findings demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that a simultaneous treatment with a type I and type II MET TKI may be a clinically viable approach to delay and/or diminish the emergence of on target MET mediated drug resistance mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Bahcall
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Cloud P Paweletz
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School
| | - Yanan Kuang
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Luke J Taus
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Taebo Sim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation
| | | | - Christie J Lau
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | | | - Pratik R Chopade
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | | | - Zihan Wei
- Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Jens Köhler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | | | | | - Sujuan Guo
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech
| | - Stephen Wang
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School
| | - Pasi A Janne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mirzapoiazova T, Xiao G, Mambetsariev B, Nasser MW, Miaou E, Singhal SS, Srivastava S, Mambetsariev I, Nelson MS, Nam A, Behal A, Arvanitis L, Atri P, Muschen M, Tissot FLH, Miser J, Kovach JS, Sattler M, Batra SK, Kulkarni P, Salgia R. Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Therapeutic Target in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1820-1835. [PMID: 34253596 PMCID: PMC8722383 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a serine/threonine phosphatase involved in the regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, and DNA-damage response, is overexpressed in many cancers, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Here we report that LB100, a small molecule inhibitor of PP2A, when combined with platinum-based chemotherapy, synergistically elicited an antitumor response both in vitro and in vivo with no apparent toxicity. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we determined quantitatively that sensitization via LB100 was mediated by increased uptake of carboplatin in SCLC cells. Treatment with LB100 alone or in combination resulted in inhibition of cell viability in two-dimensional culture and three-dimensional spheroid models of SCLC, reduced glucose uptake, and attenuated mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production. Combining LB100 with atezolizumab increased the capacity of T cells to infiltrate and kill tumor spheroids, and combining LB100 with carboplatin caused hyperphosphorylation of the DNA repair marker γH2AX and enhanced apoptosis while attenuating MET signaling and invasion through an endothelial cell monolayer. Taken together, these data highlight the translational potential of inhibiting PP2A with LB100 in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy in SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
- Institute of Immunology, Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bolot Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Mohd W Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Emily Miaou
- The Isotoparium, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Saumya Srivastava
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Isa Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Michael S Nelson
- The Light Microscopy and Digital Imaging Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Arin Nam
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Amita Behal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Leonidas Arvanitis
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Markus Muschen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - François L H Tissot
- The Isotoparium, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - James Miser
- Department of Pediatrics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - John S Kovach
- Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc., East Setauket, New York
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fu J, Su X, Li Z, Deng L, Liu X, Feng X, Peng J. HGF/c-MET pathway in cancer: from molecular characterization to clinical evidence. Oncogene 2021; 40:4625-4651. [PMID: 34145400 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive landscape of HGF/c-MET (hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) /mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET)) signaling pathway in cancers. First, we generalize the compelling influence of HGF/c-MET pathway on multiple cellular processes. Then, we present the genomic characterization of HGF/c-MET pathway in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we extensively illustrate the malignant biological behaviors of HGF/c-MET pathway in cancers, in which hyperactive HGF/c-MET signaling is considered as a hallmark. In addition, we investigate the current clinical trials of HGF/c-MET-targeted therapy in cancers. We find that although HGF/c-MET-targeted therapy has led to breakthroughs in certain cancers, monotherapy of targeting HGF/c-MET has failed to demonstrate significant clinical efficacy in most cancers. With the advantage of the combinations of HGF/c-MET-targeted therapy, the exploration of more options of combinational targeted therapy in cancers may be the major challenge in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiang Fu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Su
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiawei Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuancheng Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fujino T, Suda K, Mitsudomi T. Lung Cancer with MET exon 14 Skipping Mutation: Genetic Feature, Current Treatments, and Future Challenges. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 12:35-50. [PMID: 34295201 PMCID: PMC8290191 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s269307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MET exon 14 skipping mutation (MET∆ex14) is present about 3% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). NSCLC patients with MET∆ex14 are characterized by an average age of over 70 years at diagnosis, a smoking history and a higher frequency in pleomorphic carcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma. It has also been reported that NSCLCs with MET∆ex14 often have codriver alterations such as EGFR amplification (6–28%), FGFR1 alterations (5–17%), KRAS alterations (~8%), BRAF alterations (~21%), or PIK3CA mutation/amplification (~14%). In 2020, the approval of two MET-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), capmatinib and tepotinib, for NSCLCs carrying MET∆ex14 dawned a new era for MET-targeted therapy. These drugs yielded progression-free survival of 5.4−12.4 months in clinical trials; however, it has also been reported that one-third to half of patients show inherent resistance to MET-TKIs. In addition, the emergence of acquired resistance to MET-TKIs is inevitable. In this review, we summarize the clinical and molecular characteristics of NSCLCs with MET∆ex14, the efficacy and safety of capmatinib and tepotinib, the inherent and acquired resistance mechanisms to MET-TKIs, and new treatment strategies for NSCLCs with MET∆ex14 in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Fujino
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Suda
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mitsudomi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fujino T, Suda K, Mitsudomi T. Emerging MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2020; 25:229-249. [PMID: 32615820 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2020.1791821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction MET aberrations, including MET exon 14 skipping mutation and amplification, are present in ~5% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, and these levels are comparable to the frequency of ALK fusion. MET amplification also occurs as an acquired resistance mechanism in EGFR-mutated NSCLC after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) treatment failure. Therefore, the development of therapies for activated MET is urgently needed. Areas covered This review summarizes (1) the mechanisms and frequencies of MET aberrations in NSCLC, (2) the efficacies and toxicities of MET-TKIs under clinical development and (3) the mechanisms of inherent and acquired resistance to MET-TKIs. Expert opinion Type Ia, Ib and II MET-TKIs are currently under clinical development, and phase I/II studies have shown the potent activities of tepotinib, capmatinib and savolitinib; in fact, tepotinib and capmatinib were approved for use by health authorities. However, inherent and acquired resistance through on- and off-target mechanisms has been detected, and strategies to overcome this resistance are being developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Fujino
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine , Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Suda
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine , Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mitsudomi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine , Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Malik R, Mambetsariev I, Fricke J, Chawla N, Nam A, Pharaon R, Salgia R. MET receptor in oncology: From biomarker to therapeutic target. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:259-301. [PMID: 32593403 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
First discovered in the 1984, the MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor or HGF (also known as scatter factor or SF) are implicated as key players in tumor cell migration, proliferation, and invasion in a variety of cancers. This pathway also plays a key role during embryogenesis in the development of muscular and nervous structures. High expression of the MET receptor has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. MET exon 14 splicing variants, initially identified by us in lung cancer, is actionable through various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). For this reason, this pathway is of interest as a therapeutic target. In this chapter we will be discussing the history of MET, the genetics of this RTK, and give some background on the receptor biology. Furthermore, we will discuss directed therapeutics, mechanisms of resistance, and the future of MET as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raeva Malik
- George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Isa Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy Fricke
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Neal Chawla
- Department of Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Arin Nam
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Pharaon
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Szybowska P, Kostas M, Wesche J, Wiedlocha A, Haugsten EM. Cancer Mutations in FGFR2 Prevent a Negative Feedback Loop Mediated by the ERK1/2 Pathway. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060518. [PMID: 31146385 PMCID: PMC6627556 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases is required for normal cellular functions and uncontrolled signaling can lead to cancer. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that induces proliferation and migration. Deregulation of FGFR2 contributes to tumor progression and activating mutations in FGFR2 are found in several types of cancer. Here, we identified a negative feedback loop regulating FGFR2 signaling. FGFR2 stimulates the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway consisting of Ras-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2. Inhibition of this pathway using a MEK1/2 inhibitor increased FGFR2 signaling. The putative ERK1/2 phosphorylation site at serine 780 (S780) in FGFR2 corresponds to serine 777 in FGFR1 which is directly phosphorylated by ERK1/2. Substitution of S780 in FGFR2 to an alanine also increased signaling. Truncated forms of FGFR2 lacking the C-terminal tail, including S780, have been identified in cancer and S780 has been found mutated to leucine in bladder cancer. Substituting S780 in FGFR2 with leucine increased FGFR2 signaling. Importantly, cells expressing these mutated versions of S780 migrated faster than cells expressing wild-type FGFR2. Thus, ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of S780 in FGFR2 constitutes a negative feedback loop and inactivation of this feedback loop in cancer cells causes hyperactivation of FGFR2 signaling, which may result in increased invasive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Szybowska
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Michal Kostas
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jørgen Wesche
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Antoni Wiedlocha
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ellen Margrethe Haugsten
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
MET/HGF Co-Targeting in Pancreatic Cancer: A Tool to Provide Insight into the Tumor/Stroma Crosstalk. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123920. [PMID: 30544501 PMCID: PMC6321305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ‘onco-receptor’ MET (Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor) is involved in the activation of the invasive growth program that is essential during embryonic development and critical for wound healing and organ regeneration during adult life. When aberrantly activated, MET and its stroma-secreted ligand HGF (Hepatocyte Growth Factor) concur to tumor onset, progression, and metastasis in solid tumors, thus representing a relevant target for cancer precision medicine. In the vast majority of tumors, wild-type MET behaves as a ‘stress-response’ gene, and relies on ligand stimulation to sustain cancer cell ‘scattering’, invasion, and protection form apoptosis. Moreover, the MET/HGF axis is involved in the crosstalk between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Pancreatic cancer (namely, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by an abundant stromal compartment that is associated with early metastases and resistance to conventional and targeted therapies. Here, we discuss the role of the MET/HGF axis in tumor progression and dissemination considering as a model pancreatic cancer, and provide a proof of concept for the application of dual MET/HGF inhibition as an adjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer patients.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hervieu A, Kermorgant S. The Role of PI3K in Met Driven Cancer: A Recap. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:86. [PMID: 30406111 PMCID: PMC6207648 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) Met, overexpressed or mutated in cancer, plays a major role in cancer progression and represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. However RTK inhibitors can lead to drug resistance, explaining the necessity to develop therapies that target downstream signaling. Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is one of the most deregulated pathways in cancer and implicated in various types of cancer. PI3K signaling is also a major signaling pathway downstream of RTK, including Met. PI3K major effectors include Akt and "mechanistic Target of Rapamycin" (mTOR), which each play key roles in numerous and various cell functions. Advancements made due to the development of molecular and pharmaceutical tools now allow us to delve into the roles of each independently. In this review, we summarize the current understanding we possess of the activation and role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, downstream of Met, in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Hervieu
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, Cancer Therapeutics Division, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Kermorgant
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Virzì AR, Gentile A, Benvenuti S, Comoglio PM. Reviving oncogenic addiction to MET bypassed by BRAF (G469A) mutation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10058-10063. [PMID: 30224486 PMCID: PMC6176587 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721147115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer clonal evolution is based on accrual of driving genetic alterations that are expected to cooperate and progressively increase malignancy. Little is known on whether any genetic alteration can hinder the oncogenic function of a coexisting alteration, so that therapeutic targeting of the one can, paradoxically, revive the function of the other. We report the case of a driver oncogene (MET) that is not only bypassed, but also disabled by the mutation of a downstream transducer (BRAF), and reignited by inhibition of the latter. In a metastasis originated from a cancer of unknown primary (CUP), the MET oncogene was amplified eightfold, but unexpectedly, the kinase was dephosphorylated and inactive. As result, specific drugs targeting MET (JNJ-38877605) failed to inhibit growth of xenografts derived from the patient. In addition to MET amplification, the patient harbored, as sole proliferative driver, a mutation hyperactivating BRAF (G469A). Surprisingly, specific blockade of the BRAF pathway was equally ineffective, and it was accompanied by rephosphorylation of the amplified MET oncoprotein and by revived addiction to MET. Mechanistically, MET inactivation in the context of the BRAF-activating mutation is driven through a negative feedback loop involving inactivation of PP2A phosphatase, which in turn leads to phosphorylation on MET inhibitory Ser985. Disruption of this feedback loop allows PP2A reactivation, removing the inhibitory phosphorylation from Ser985 and thereby unleashing MET kinase activity. Evidence is provided for a mechanism of therapeutic resistance to single-oncoprotein targeting, based on reactivation of a genetic alteration functionally dormant in targeted cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Virzì
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapeutics and Exploratory Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (FPO-IRCCS), 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapeutics and Exploratory Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (FPO-IRCCS), 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Silvia Benvenuti
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapeutics and Exploratory Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (FPO-IRCCS), 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Paolo M Comoglio
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapeutics and Exploratory Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (FPO-IRCCS), 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Baldacci S, Kherrouche Z, Descarpentries C, Wislez M, Dansin E, Furlan A, Tulasne D, Cortot AB. [MET exon 14 splicing sites mutations: A new therapeutic opportunity in lung cancer]. Rev Mal Respir 2018; 35:796-812. [PMID: 30174236 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The mutations leading to MET exon 14 skipping represent a new class of molecular alterations described in various cancers. These alterations are observed in 2 to 3 % of cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several cases of NSCLC carrying such alterations and achieving objective response to MET tyrosine kinase inhibitorshave recently been published. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms responsible for MET exon 14 skipping as well as the consequences of the loss of this exon on receptor activity. We also describe the clinical characteristics of patients with METΔ14 mutations. Finally, we address the issues related to the detection of these mutations in lung cancer, and the need to anticipate resistance to MET inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Baldacci
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8161-M3T, mécanismes de tumorigenèse et thérapies ciblées, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Service de pneumologie et oncologie thoracique, OncoLille, université de Lille, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Z Kherrouche
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8161-M3T, mécanismes de tumorigenèse et thérapies ciblées, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - C Descarpentries
- Service de biochimie et biologie moléculaire, plateforme de biologie moléculaire des cancers, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - M Wislez
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 75020 Paris , France
| | - E Dansin
- Département de cancérologie cervico-faciale & thoracique, CLCC Oscar Lambret, 59000 Lille, France
| | - A Furlan
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8161-M3T, mécanismes de tumorigenèse et thérapies ciblées, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Équipe de biophotonique cellulaire fonctionnelle, université Lille, CNRS UMR 8523 PhLAM, 59000 Lille, France
| | - D Tulasne
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8161-M3T, mécanismes de tumorigenèse et thérapies ciblées, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - A B Cortot
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8161-M3T, mécanismes de tumorigenèse et thérapies ciblées, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Service de pneumologie et oncologie thoracique, OncoLille, université de Lille, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Comoglio PM, Trusolino L, Boccaccio C. Known and novel roles of the MET oncogene in cancer: a coherent approach to targeted therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:341-358. [PMID: 29674709 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The MET oncogene encodes an unconventional receptor tyrosine kinase with pleiotropic functions: it initiates and sustains neoplastic transformation when genetically altered ('oncogene addiction') and fosters cancer cell survival and tumour dissemination when transcriptionally activated in the context of an adaptive response to adverse microenvironmental conditions ('oncogene expedience'). Moreover, MET is an intrinsic modulator of the self-renewal and clonogenic ability of cancer stem cells ('oncogene inherence'). Here, we provide the latest findings on MET function in cancer by focusing on newly identified genetic abnormalities in tumour cells and recently described non-mutational MET activities in stromal cells and cancer stem cells. We discuss how MET drives cancer clonal evolution and progression towards metastasis, both ab initio and under therapeutic pressure. We then elaborate on the use of MET inhibitors in the clinic with a critical appraisal of failures and successes. Ultimately, we advocate a rationale to improve the outcome of anti-MET therapies on the basis of thorough consideration of the entire spectrum of MET-mediated biological responses, which implicates adequate patient stratification, meaningful biomarkers and appropriate clinical end points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Comoglio
- Exploratory Research and Molecular Cancer Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Carla Boccaccio
- Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The multiple paths towards MET receptor addiction in cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:3200-3215. [PMID: 29551767 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies against receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are currently used with success on a small proportion of patients displaying clear oncogene activation. Lung cancers with a mutated EGFR provide a good illustration. The efficacy of targeted treatments relies on oncogene addiction, a situation in which the growth or survival of the cancer cells depends on a single deregulated oncogene. MET, a member of the RTK family, is a promising target because it displays many deregulations in a broad panel of cancers. Although clinical trials having evaluated MET inhibitors in large populations have yielded disappointing results, many recent case reports suggest that MET inhibition may be effective in a subset of patients with unambiguous MET activation and thus, most probably, oncogene addiction. Interestingly, preclinical studies have revealed a particularity of MET addiction: it can arise through several mechanisms, and the mechanism involved can differ according to the cancer type. The present review describes the different mechanisms of MET addiction and their consequences for diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Although in each cancer type MET addiction affects a restricted number of patients, pooling of these patients across all cancer types yields a targetable population liable to benefit from addiction-targeting therapies.
Collapse
|
26
|
PKG II reverses HGF-triggered cellular activities by phosphorylating serine 985 of c-Met in gastric cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:34190-200. [PMID: 27147579 PMCID: PMC5085148 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG II) could inhibit the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Both c-Met and EGFR belong to family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and have high molecular analogy. However, the effect of PKG II on c-Met activation is unclear. This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of PKG II on the activation of c-Met and consequent biological activities. The results from CCK8 assay, Transwell assay and TUNEL assay showed that HGF enhanced cell proliferation and migration, and decreased cell apoptosis. Activated PKG II reversed the above changes caused by HGF. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting results showed that PKG II could bind with c-Met and phosphorylate its Ser985, and thereby inhibited HGF-induced activation of c-Met and MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR mediated signal transduction. When Ser985 of c-Met was mutated to Alanine for preventing phosphorylation of this site, the blocking effect of PKG II on c-Met activation was annulled. When Ser985 of c-Met was mutated to Aspartic acid for mimicking phosphorylation of this site, HGF-induced activation of c-Met was prevented. In conclusion, the results indicated that PKG II could block c-Met activation via phosphorylating Ser985 of this RTK.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The expanding spectrum of both established and candidate oncogenic driver mutations identified in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), coupled with the increasing number of clinically available signal transduction pathway inhibitors targeting these driver mutations, offers a tremendous opportunity to enhance patient outcomes. Despite these molecular advances, advanced-stage NSCLC remains largely incurable due to therapeutic resistance. In this Review, we discuss alterations in the targeted oncogene ('on-target' resistance) and in other downstream and parallel pathways ('off-target' resistance) leading to resistance to targeted therapies in NSCLC, and we provide an overview of the current understanding of the bidirectional interactions with the tumour microenvironment that promote therapeutic resistance. We highlight common mechanistic themes underpinning resistance to targeted therapies that are shared by NSCLC subtypes, including those with oncogenic alterations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS1 proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), serine/threonine-protein kinase b-raf (BRAF) and other less established oncoproteins. Finally, we discuss how understanding these themes can inform therapeutic strategies, including combination therapy approaches, and overcome the challenge of tumour heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rotow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Box 1270, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, Box 0981, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Box 1270, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, Box 0981, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, Box 2140, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Targeting the hepatocyte growth factor/Met pathway in cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:855-870. [PMID: 28673936 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced activation of its cell surface receptor, the Met tyrosine kinase, drives mitogenesis, motogenesis and morphogenesis in a wide spectrum of target cell types and embryologic, developmental and homeostatic contexts. Typical paracrine HGF/Met signaling is regulated by HGF activation at target cell surfaces, HGF binding-induced receptor activation, internalization and degradation. Despite these controls, HGF/Met signaling contributes to oncogenesis, tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness, and tumor metastasis in many types of cancer, leading to the rapid growth of pathway-targeted anticancer drug development programs. We review here HGF and Met structure and function, basic properties of HGF/Met pathway antagonists now in clinical development, and recent clinical trial results. Presently, the main challenges facing the effective use of HGF/Met-targeted antagonists for cancer treatment include optimal patient selection, diagnostic and pharmacodynamic biomarker development, and the identification and testing of effective therapy combinations. The wealth of basic information, analytical reagents and model systems available regarding normal and oncogenic HGF/Met signaling will continue to be invaluable in meeting these challenges and moving expeditiously toward more effective cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cortot AB, Kherrouche Z, Descarpentries C, Wislez M, Baldacci S, Furlan A, Tulasne D. Exon 14 Deleted MET Receptor as a New Biomarker and Target in Cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:2982828. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|
30
|
Kim JY, Welsh EA, Fang B, Bai Y, Kinose F, Eschrich SA, Koomen JM, Haura EB. Phosphoproteomics Reveals MAPK Inhibitors Enhance MET- and EGFR-Driven AKT Signaling in KRAS-Mutant Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:1019-1029. [PMID: 27422710 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathway inhibition of the RAS-driven MAPK pathway using small-molecule kinase inhibitors has been a key focus for treating cancers driven by oncogenic RAS, yet significant clinical responses are lacking. Feedback reactivation of ERK driven by drug-induced RAF activity has been suggested as one of the major drug resistance mechanisms, especially in the context of oncogenic RAS. To determine whether additional adaptive resistance mechanisms may coexist, we characterized global phosphoproteomic changes after MEK inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244) treatment in KRAS-mutant A427 and A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines employing mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics. We identified 9,075 quantifiable unique phosphosites (corresponding to 3,346 unique phosphoproteins), of which 567 phosphosites were more abundant and 512 phosphosites were less abundant after MEK inhibition. Selumetinib increased phosphorylation of KSR-1, a scaffolding protein required for assembly of MAPK signaling complex, as well as altered phosphorylation of GEF-H1, a novel regulator of KSR-1 and implicated in RAS-driven MAPK activation. Moreover, selumetinib reduced inhibitory serine phosphorylation of MET at Ser985 and potentiated HGF- and EGF-induced AKT phosphorylation. These results were recapitulated by pan-RAF (LY3009120), MEK (GDC0623), and ERK (SCH772984) inhibitors, which are currently under early-phase clinical development against RAS-mutant cancers. Our results highlight the unique adaptive changes in MAPK scaffolding proteins (KSR-1, GEF-H1) and in RTK signaling, leading to enhanced PI3K-AKT signaling when the MAPK pathway is inhibited. IMPLICATIONS This study highlights the unique adaptive changes in MAPK scaffolding proteins (KSR-1, GEF-H1) and in RTK signaling, leading to enhanced PI3K/AKT signaling when the MAPK pathway is inhibited. Mol Cancer Res; 14(10); 1019-29. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eric A Welsh
- Cancer Informatics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Fumi Kinose
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Steven A Eschrich
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - John M Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mohammad DK, Nore BF, Gustafsson MO, Mohamed AJ, Smith CIE. Protein kinase B (AKT) regulates SYK activity and shuttling through 14-3-3 and importin 7. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:63-74. [PMID: 27381982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Protein kinase B (AKT) regulates a plethora of intracellular signaling proteins to fine-tune signaling of multiple pathways. Here, we found that following B-cell receptor (BCR)-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase SYK and the adaptor BLNK, the AKT/PKB enzyme strongly induced BLNK (>100-fold) and SYK (>100-fold) serine/threonine phosphorylation (pS/pT). Increased phosphorylation promoted 14-3-3 binding to BLNK (37-fold) and SYK (2.5-fold) in a pS/pT-concentration dependent manner. We also demonstrated that the AKT inhibitor MK2206 reduced pS/pT of both BLNK (3-fold) and SYK (2.5-fold). Notably, the AKT phosphatase, PHLPP2 maintained the activating phosphorylation of BLNK at Y84 and increased protein stability (8.5-fold). In addition, 14-3-3 was required for the regulation SYK's interaction with BLNK and attenuated SYK binding to Importin 7 (5-fold), thereby perturbing shuttling to the nucleus. Moreover, 14-3-3 proteins also sustained tyrosine phosphorylation of SYK and BLNK. Furthermore, substitution of S295 or S297 for alanine abrogated SYK's binding to Importin 7. SYK with S295A or S297A replacements showed intense pY525/526 phosphorylation, and BLNK pY84 phosphorylation correlated with the SYK pY525/526 phosphorylation level. Conversely, the corresponding mutations to aspartic acid in SYK reduced pY525/526 phosphorylation. Collectively, these and previous results suggest that AKT and 14-3-3 proteins down-regulate the activity of several BCR-associated components, including BTK, BLNK and SYK and also inhibit SYK's interaction with Importin 7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dara K Mohammad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Beston F Nore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Manuela O Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdalla J Mohamed
- Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410 Negara Brunei Darussalam, Brunei
| | - C I Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mungunsukh O, Lee YH, Bottaro DP, Day RM. The hepatocyte growth factor isoform NK2 activates motogenesis and survival but not proliferation due to lack of Akt activation. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1114-23. [PMID: 27224506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotrophic factor involved in cellular proliferation, migration and morphogenesis. HGF is required for normal tissue and organ development during embryogenesis, but in the adult HGF has been demonstrated to drive normal tissue repair and inhibit fibrotic remodeling. HGF has two naturally occurring human isoforms as a result of alternative splicing, NK1 and NK2. While NK1 has been defined as an agonist for HGF receptor, Met, NK2 is defined as a partial Met antagonist. Furthermore, under conditions of fibrotic remodeling, NK2 is still expressed while full length HGF is suppressed. Furthermore, the mechanism by which NK2 partially signals through Met is not completely understood. Here, we investigated the mitogenic, motogenic, and anti-apoptotic activities of NK2 compared with full length HGF in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (BEpC) and bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC). In human BEpC, NK2 partial activated Met, inducing Met phosphorylation at Y1234/1235 in the tyrosine-kinase domain but not at Y1349 site in the multifunctional docking domain. Partial phosphorylation of Met by NK2 resulted in activation of MAPK and STAT3, but not AKT. This correlated with motogenesis and survival in a MAPK-dependent manner, but not cell proliferation. Overexpression of a constitutively active AKT complemented NK2 signaling, allowing NK2 to induce cell proliferation. These data indicate that NK2 and HGF drive motogenic and anti-apoptotic signaling but only HGF drives cell proliferation by activating AKT-pathway signaling. These results have implications for the biological consequences of differential regulation of the two isoforms under pro-fibrotic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ognoon Mungunsukh
- The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Young H Lee
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donald P Bottaro
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Regina M Day
- The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pérez-Ramírez C, Cañadas-Garre M, Jiménez-Varo E, Faus-Dáder MJ, Calleja-Hernández MÁ. MET: a new promising biomarker in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:631-47. [PMID: 25893986 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) leads cancer-related deaths worldwide. Mutations in the kinase domain of the EGFR gene provide sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) drugs. TKI show initial response rates over 75% in mutant EGFR-NSCLC patients, although most of these patients acquire resistance to EGFR inhibitors after therapy. EGFR-TKI resistance mechanisms include amplification in MET and its ligand, and also MET mutations. MET signaling dysregulation has been involved in tumor cell growth, survival, migration and invasion, angiogenesis and activation of several pathways, therefore representing an attractive target for anticancer drug development. In this review, we will discuss MET-related mechanisms of EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC, as well as the main drugs targeted to inhibit MET pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pérez-Ramírez
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Avda Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Baldanzi G, Graziani A. Physiological Signaling and Structure of the HGF Receptor MET. Biomedicines 2014; 3:1-31. [PMID: 28536396 PMCID: PMC5344233 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The "hepatocyte growth factor" also known as "scatter factor", is a multifunctional cytokine with the peculiar ability of simultaneously triggering epithelial cell proliferation, movement and survival. The combination of those proprieties results in the induction of an epithelial to mesenchymal transition in target cells, fundamental for embryogenesis but also exploited by tumor cells during metastatization. The hepatocyte growth factor receptor, MET, is a proto-oncogene and a prototypical transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. Inhere we discuss the MET molecular structure and the hepatocyte growth factor driven physiological signaling which coordinates epithelial proliferation, motility and morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department Translational Medicine, University Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department Translational Medicine, University Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Durinck S, Stawiski EW, Pavía-Jiménez A, Modrusan Z, Kapur P, Jaiswal BS, Zhang N, Toffessi-Tcheuyap V, Nguyen TT, Pahuja KB, Chen YJ, Saleem S, Chaudhuri S, Heldens S, Jackson M, Peña-Llopis S, Guillory J, Toy K, Ha C, Harris CJ, Holloman E, Hill HM, Stinson J, Rivers CS, Janakiraman V, Wang W, Kinch LN, Grishin NV, Haverty PM, Chow B, Gehring JS, Reeder J, Pau G, Wu TD, Margulis V, Lotan Y, Sagalowsky A, Pedrosa I, de Sauvage FJ, Brugarolas J, Seshagiri S. Spectrum of diverse genomic alterations define non-clear cell renal carcinoma subtypes. Nat Genet 2014; 47:13-21. [PMID: 25401301 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To further understand the molecular distinctions between kidney cancer subtypes, we analyzed exome, transcriptome and copy number alteration data from 167 primary human tumors that included renal oncocytomas and non-clear cell renal cell carcinomas (nccRCCs), consisting of papillary (pRCC), chromophobe (chRCC) and translocation (tRCC) subtypes. We identified ten significantly mutated genes in pRCC, including MET, NF2, SLC5A3, PNKD and CPQ. MET mutations occurred in 15% (10/65) of pRCC samples and included previously unreported recurrent activating mutations. In chRCC, we found TP53, PTEN, FAAH2, PDHB, PDXDC1 and ZNF765 to be significantly mutated. Gene expression analysis identified a five-gene set that enabled the molecular classification of chRCC, renal oncocytoma and pRCC. Using RNA sequencing, we identified previously unreported gene fusions, including ACTG1-MITF fusion. Ectopic expression of the ACTG1-MITF fusion led to cellular transformation and induced the expression of downstream target genes. Finally, we observed upregulation of the anti-apoptotic factor BIRC7 in MiTF-high RCC tumors, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for BIRC7 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Durinck
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric W Stawiski
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrea Pavía-Jiménez
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Bijay S Jaiswal
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Na Zhang
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vanina Toffessi-Tcheuyap
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Thong T Nguyen
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kanika Bajaj Pahuja
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ying-Jiun Chen
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sadia Saleem
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Subhra Chaudhuri
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sherry Heldens
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marlena Jackson
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Samuel Peña-Llopis
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph Guillory
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Karen Toy
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Connie Ha
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Corissa J Harris
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eboni Holloman
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Haley M Hill
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jeremy Stinson
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Weiru Wang
- Structural Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lisa N Kinch
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Nick V Grishin
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter M Haverty
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bernard Chow
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julian S Gehring
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jens Reeder
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gregoire Pau
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas D Wu
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Arthur Sagalowsky
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ivan Pedrosa
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Frederic J de Sauvage
- Molecular Oncology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Somasekar Seshagiri
- Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
RSK2 regulates endocytosis of FGF receptor 1 by phosphorylation on serine 789. Oncogene 2013; 33:4823-36. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
37
|
Chakraborty S, Chopra P, Hak A, Dastidar SG, Ray A. Hepatocyte growth factor is an attractive target for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:499-515. [PMID: 23484858 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.778972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive fatal disorder and is characterized by alveolar epithelial injury, myofibroblast proliferation, and extracellular matrix remodeling, resulting in irreversible distortion of lung's architecture. Available therapies are associated with side effects and show restricted efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a therapeutic solution to PF. Therapeutic strategies interfering myofibroblast expansion, apoptosis of epithelial and endothelial cells might be beneficial for treatment of PF. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a pleiotropic growth factor, plays an important role in lung development, inflammation, repair, and regeneration. In animal model of PF, administration of recombinant HGF protein or ectopic HGF expression ameliorates fibrosis. AREAS COVERED The focus of this review is to highlight HGF as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of PF. The review discusses the currently available treatment option for PF as well as highlights the possible beneficial effect of HGF as a drug target. EXPERT OPINION HGF with its anti-fibrotic effect provides a promising new therapeutic approach by protecting lung from fibrotic remodeling and also promoting normal regeneration of lung. The development of HGF mimetics may provide a potential attractive therapy for treatment of this devastating and complex disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Chakraborty
- Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India (RCI), Department of Biology, Haryana, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhao Y, Zhao J, Mialki RK, Wei J, Spannhake EW, Salgia R, Natarajan V. Lipopolysaccharide-induced phosphorylation of c-Met tyrosine residue 1003 regulates c-Met intracellular trafficking and lung epithelial barrier function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L56-63. [PMID: 23624790 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00417.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Met, the receptor tyrosine kinase whose natural ligand is hepatocyte growth factor, is known to have a key role in cell motility. We have previously shown that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induced a decrease in c-Met activation via serine phosphorylation of c-Met at cell-cell contacts. Here, we demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells induced internalization of c-Met via phosphorylation at its tyrosine residue 1003. In addition, it induced epithelial barrier dysfunction as evidenced by a decrease in transepithelial resistance (TER) in a time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with a c-Met inhibitor (PHA-665752) or inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC)-α attenuated the LPS-mediated phosphorylation of c-Met and its internalization. LPS-induced c-Met tyrosine 1003 phosphorylation, activation of PKCα, and c-Met internalization were, however, reversed by pretreatment of cells with LPA, which increased c-Met accumulation at cell-cell contacts. Inhibition of LPS-mediated c-Met tyrosine (Y1003) phosphorylation and internalization by prior treatment with PHA-665752, inhibition of PKCα, or overexpression of c-MetY1003A mutant attenuated LPS-induced reduction of TER. Furthermore, we found that c-Met accumulation at cell-cell contacts contributed to LPA-enhanced epithelial barrier integrity, since downregulation of c-Met by specific small-interfering RNA attenuated LPA-increased TER. The data reveal a novel biological function of c-Met in the regulation of lung epithelial barrier integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhao
- Department of Medicine and the Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nakayama M, Sakai K, Yamashita A, Nakamura T, Suzuki Y, Matsumoto K. Met/HGF receptor activation is regulated by juxtamembrane Ser985 phosphorylation in hepatocytes. Cytokine 2013; 62:446-52. [PMID: 23618918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Met/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor plays a definitive role in hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration. Phosphorylation of Ser985 in Met (Met-Ser985) down regulate tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of Met. However, mechanism of Met inactivation by Met-Ser985 phosphorylation and its biological significance on hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration are not well known. Here, we investigated biological role of Met-Ser985 phosphorylation in hepatocytes and liver. In primary cultured hepatocytes, HGF-dependent Met activation and mitogenesis were suppressed when Met-Ser985 was phosphorylated. Cell surface Met was decreased upon Met-Ser985 phosphorylation through endocytosis, suggesting a mechanism by which Met activation could be suppressed. In mice, HGF induced proliferation of hepatocyte in injured livers, but not in non-injured livers. Met-Ser985 phosphorylation was decreased after liver injury and associated with Met tyrosine phosphorylation/activation during liver regeneration. These results indicate that Met activation is regulated reciprocally to Met-Ser985 phosphorylation in the primary cultured hepatocytes and the liver following injury. Our study suggests that the phosphorylation of Met-Ser985 in hepatocytes plays a regulatory role in Met activation in response to quiescence, injury, and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Nakayama
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fujikura T, Togawa A, Sun Y, Iwakura T, Yasuda H, Fujigaki Y. Dephosphorylated Ser985 of c-Met is associated with acquired resistance to rechallenge injury in rats that had recovered from uranyl acetate-induced subclinical renal damage. Clin Exp Nephrol 2012; 17:504-14. [PMID: 23250664 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-012-0757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that rats that had recovered from mild proximal tubule (PT) injury induced by a sub-toxic dose of uranyl acetate (UA) showed partial resistance to a subsequent nephrotoxic dose of UA in association with reduced renal dysfunction and accelerated PT proliferation. We demonstrated that this resistance may involve hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling. Here, we examined whether primary cultured tubular cells derived from this model had acquired sensitivity to HGF. METHODS Tubular cells were isolated by collagenase digestion from rat kidneys after recovery from UA-induced mild PT injury and were cultured for 48 h. Their survival and proliferation were examined using the MTS assay/5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling or MTS assay, respectively, and their migration was assayed using wound-healing and cell scattering assays, with/without HGF. HGF/c-Met signaling was assayed using phospho-specific antibodies. RESULTS HGF-stimulated cultured tubular cells from UA-treated rats showed better survival after UA exposure and higher proliferation and migration than cells from vehicle-treated rats. Furthermore, HGF induced higher phosphorylation of c-Met (Tyr1234/1235) and of its major downstream signals (AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) with maintained dephosphorylation of Ser985 as a negative regulator of HGF/c-Met signaling in the tubular cells of UA-treated rats compared to those of vehicle-treated rats. Immunohistochemically, dephosphorylated Ser985 was confirmed in PT cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that elevated sensitivity to HGF, via dephosphorylated Ser985 of c-Met of tubular cells that had recovered from mild tubular injury, may be associated with cytoprotection, accelerated proliferation and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Fujikura
- Internal Medicine 1, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashiku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
c-MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase that, after binding with its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, activates a wide range of different cellular signaling pathways, including those involved in proliferation, motility, migration and invasion. Although c-MET is important in the control of tissue homeostasis under normal physiological conditions, it has also been found to be aberrantly activated in human cancers via mutation, amplification or protein overexpression. This paper provides an overview of the c-MET signaling pathway, including its role in the development of cancers, and provides a rationale for targeting the pathway as a possible treatment option.
Collapse
|
42
|
Qin L, Bromberg-White JL, Qian CN. Opportunities and challenges in tumor angiogenesis research: back and forth between bench and bed. Adv Cancer Res 2012; 113:191-239. [PMID: 22429856 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394280-7.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Many signaling pathways are involved in regulating tumor angiogenesis, with the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway being of particular interest. The recognition of the heterogeneity in tumor vasculature has led to better predictions of prognosis through differential analyses of the vasculature. However, the clinical benefits from antiangiogenic therapy are limited, because many antiangiogenic agents cannot provide long-term survival benefits, suggesting the development of drug resistance. Activation of the hypoxia and c-Met pathways, as well as other proangiogenic factors, has been shown to be responsible for such resistance. Vessel co-option could be another important mechanism. For future development, research to improve the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy includes (a) using tumor-derived endothelial cells for drug screening; (b) developing the drugs focusing on specific tumor types; (c) developing a better preclinical model for drug study; (d) developing more accurate biomarkers for patient selection; (e) targeting the c-Met pathway or other pathways; and (f) optimizing the dose and schedule of antiangiogenic therapy. In summary, the future of antiangiogenic therapy for cancer patients depends on our efforts to develop the right drugs, select the right patients, and optimize the treatment conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory on Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lu KV, Chang JP, Parachoniak CA, Pandika MM, Aghi MK, Meyronet D, Isachenko N, Fouse SD, Phillips JJ, Cheresh DA, Park M, Bergers G. VEGF inhibits tumor cell invasion and mesenchymal transition through a MET/VEGFR2 complex. Cancer Cell 2012; 22:21-35. [PMID: 22789536 PMCID: PMC4068350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of VEGF signaling leads to a proinvasive phenotype in mouse models of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and in a subset of GBM patients treated with bevacizumab. Here, we demonstrate that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) directly and negatively regulates tumor cell invasion through enhanced recruitment of the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) to a MET/VEGFR2 heterocomplex, thereby suppressing HGF-dependent MET phosphorylation and tumor cell migration. Consequently, VEGF blockade restores and increases MET activity in GBM cells in a hypoxia-independent manner, while inducing a program reminiscent of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition highlighted by a T-cadherin to N-cadherin switch and enhanced mesenchymal features. Inhibition of MET in GBM mouse models blocks mesenchymal transition and invasion provoked by VEGF ablation, resulting in substantial survival benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan V. Lu
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Chang
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Christine A. Parachoniak
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Melissa M. Pandika
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Manish K. Aghi
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - David Meyronet
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Nadezda Isachenko
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Shaun D. Fouse
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Joanna J. Phillips
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - David A. Cheresh
- Department of Pathology and Moore’s UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Morag Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Anatomy, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center Department of Neurological Surgery 1450 3rd Street San Francisco, California 94143, USA Telephone: 415-476-6786 Fax: 415-476-0388
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sattler M, Reddy MM, Hasina R, Gangadhar T, Salgia R. The role of the c-Met pathway in lung cancer and the potential for targeted therapy. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2011; 3:171-84. [PMID: 21904579 DOI: 10.1177/1758834011408636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), the product of the MET gene, plays an important role in normal cellular function and oncogenesis. In cancer, HGFR has been implicated in cellular proliferation, cell survival, invasion, cell motility, metastasis and angiogenesis. Activation of HGFR can occur through binding to its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), overexpression/amplification, mutation, and/or decreased degradation. Amplification of HGFR can occur de novo or in resistance to therapy. Mutations of HGFR have been described in the tyrosine kinase domain, juxtamembrane domain, or semaphorin domain in a number of tumors. These mutations appear to have gain of function, and also reflect differential sensitivity to therapeutic inhibition. There have been various drugs developed to target HGFR, including antibodies to HGFR/HGF, small-molecule inhibitors against the tyrosine kinase domain of HGFR and downstream targets. Different HGFR inhibitors are currently in clinical trials in lung cancer and a number of solid tumors. Several phase I trials have already been completed, and two specific trials have been reported combining HGFR with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer. In particular, trials involving MetMAb and ARQ197 (tivantinib) have gained interest. Ultimately, as individualized therapies become a reality for cancers, HGFR will be an important molecular target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nakamura T, Sakai K, Nakamura T, Matsumoto K. Hepatocyte growth factor twenty years on: Much more than a growth factor. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 26 Suppl 1:188-202. [PMID: 21199531 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration depends on the proliferation of mature hepatocytes. In the 1980s, the method for the cultivation of mature hepatocytes provided an opportunity for the discovery of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a protein that is structurally and functionally different from other growth factors. In 1991, the scatter factor, tumor cytotoxic factor, and 3-D epithelial morphogen were identified as HGF, and Met tyrosine kinase was identified as the receptor for HGF. Thus, the connection of apparently unrelated research projects rapidly enriched the research on HGF in different fields. The HGF-Met pathway plays important roles in the embryonic development of the liver and the placenta, in the migration of myogenic precursor cells, and in epithelial morphogenesis. The use of tissue-specific knockout mice demonstrated that in mature tissues the HGF-Met pathway plays a critical role in tissue protection and regeneration, and in providing less susceptibility to chronic inflammation and fibrosis. In various injury and disease models, HGF promotes cell survival, regeneration of tissues, and suppresses and improves chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Drug development using HGF has been challenging, but extensive preclinical studies to address its therapeutic effects have provided significant results sufficient for the development of HGF as a biological drug in the regeneration-based therapy of diseases. Clinical trials using recombinant human HGF protein, or HGF genes, are in progress for the treatment of diseases.
Collapse
|
46
|
Heizmann B, Reth M, Infantino S. Syk is a dual-specificity kinase that self-regulates the signal output from the B-cell antigen receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:18563-8. [PMID: 20940318 PMCID: PMC2972992 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1009048107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon B-cell activation, the signaling subunits Ig-α and Ig-β of the B-cell antigen receptor become phosphorylated not only on tyrosines but also on serine residues. Using a specific antibody, we show that serine 197 (S197) in the cytoplasmic tail of Ig-α is phosphorylated upon B-cell antigen receptor activation, and that this modification inhibits the signal output of the B-cell antigen receptor. Surprisingly, we found that the well-known protein tyrosine kinase Syk (spleen tyrosine kinase) phosphorylates S197 on Ig-α, thus not only activating but also inhibiting signaling from the B-cell antigen receptor. This finding identifies Syk as a dual-specificity kinase and establishes a previously unexplored paradigm for the self-regulation of biological signaling processes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD79 Antigens/chemistry
- CD79 Antigens/genetics
- CD79 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Drosophila
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/chemistry
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Phosphorylation
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Serine/chemistry
- Signal Transduction
- Structural Homology, Protein
- Syk Kinase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Heizmann
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, BIOSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Other Molecular Targeted Agents in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Lung Cancer 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-524-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
48
|
Lai AZ, Abella JV, Park M. Crosstalk in Met receptor oncogenesis. Trends Cell Biol 2009; 19:542-51. [PMID: 19758803 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Met receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) regulates several distinct biological processes, including cell scatter, cell invasion, cell survival and epithelial remodeling. MET is genetically altered through several mechanisms in multiple human cancers; these events are causally related to cancer initiation and progression, identifying Met as a potential therapeutic target. Recent evidence highlights additional roles for Met in cancer through crosstalk with other receptors and cell surface proteins. In this review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of mechanisms of interaction between Met, the epidermal growth factor receptor family and other cell surface protein families, and how these contribute to signal crosstalk, oncogenesis and drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Z Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Phosphorylation of the MET receptor on juxtamembrane tyrosine residue 1001 inhibits its caspase-dependent cleavage. Cell Signal 2009; 21:1455-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
50
|
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), originally purified from the plasma of patients with fulminant hepatic failure, has been shown to carry out various physiological functions. HGF not only stimulates liver regeneration, but also acts as an antiapoptotic factor in in vivo experimental models. Therefore, HGF is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of fatal liver diseases, including fulminant hepatic failure. After performing a number of preclinical tests, our group began an investigator-initiated registered phase I/II clinical trial of patients with fulminant hepatic failure to examine the safety and clinical efficacy of recombinant human HGF. In this article, we will discuss the basic research results as well as the translational research that underpins current attempts to use HGF in various clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akio Ido
- Department of Digestive and Life-style Related Disease, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|