1
|
Anhê ACBM, Azeredo-Oliveira MTV. Mg 2+ -dependent ATPase activity in triatomine salivary glands (Heteroptera, Triatominae). IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2017031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mg2+-ATPase activity was detected in the three salivary glands of adult triatomines, males and females, of Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) and Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835) (Heteroptera, Triatominae). A predominance of binucleated cells in D1 and D2 and mononucleated in D3 was observed, with bulky and polyploidy nuclei. ATPase activity was detected in the nuclei, possibly in euchromatin and nucleolus, where this enzyme probably acts in the transcription process. ATPase reaction was also evidenced in the nuclear membrane, which is probably associated with nuclear-cytoplasmatic transport. These characteristics indicate a high metabolism and protein synthesis, which must be essential to saliva production as well as in maintaining the hematophagy of triatomines.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mir MA, Rajeswari HS, Veeraraghavan U, Ajitkumar P. Molecular characterisation of ABC transporter type FtsE and FtsX proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Arch Microbiol 2006; 185:147-58. [PMID: 16416128 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-005-0079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Revised: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Elicitation of drug resistance and various survival strategies inside host macrophages have been the hallmarks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a successful pathogen. ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter type proteins are known to be involved in the efflux of drugs in bacterial and mammalian systems. FtsE, an ABC transporter type protein, in association with the integral membrane protein FtsX, is involved in the assembly of potassium ion transport proteins and probably of cell division proteins as well, both of which being relevant to tubercle bacillus. In this study, we cloned ftsE gene of M. tuberculosis, overexpressed and purified. The recombinant MtFtsE-6xHis protein and the native MtFtsE protein were found localized on the membrane of E. coli and M. tuberculosis cells, respectively. MtFtsE-6xHis protein showed ATP binding in vitro, for which the K42 residue in the Walker A motif was found essential. While MtFtsE-6xHis protein could partially complement growth defect of E. coli ftsE temperature-sensitive strain MFT1181, co-expression of MtFtsE and MtFtsX efficiently complemented the growth defect, indicating that the MtFtsE and MtFtsX proteins might be performing an associated function. MtFtsE and MtFtsX-6xHis proteins were found to exist as a complex on the membrane of E. coli cells co-expressing the two proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad Mir
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, 560012, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Conlon KA, Zharkov DO, Berrios M. Immunofluorescent localization of the murine 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (mOGG1) in cells growing under normal and nutrient deprivation conditions. DNA Repair (Amst) 2004; 2:1337-52. [PMID: 14642563 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2003.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OGG1 is a major DNA glycosylase in mammalian cells, participating in the repair of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoguanine, 8-oxoG), the most abundant known DNA lesion induced by endogenous reactive oxygen species in aerobic organisms. 8-oxoG is therefore often used as a marker for oxidative DNA damage. In this study, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were raised against the purified wild-type recombinant murine 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase (mOGG1) protein and their specificity against the native enzyme and the SDS-denatured mOGG1 polypeptide were characterized. Specific antibodies directed against the purified wild-type recombinant mOGG1 were used to localize in situ this DNA repair enzyme in established cell lines (HeLa cells, NIH3T3 fibroblasts) as well as in primary culture mouse embryo fibroblasts growing under either normal or oxidative stress conditions. Results from these studies showed that mOGG1 is localized to the nucleus and the cytoplasm of mammalian cells in culture. However, mOGG1 levels increase and primarily redistribute to the nucleus and its peripheral cytoplasm in cells exposed to oxidative stress conditions. Immunofluorescent localization results reported in this study suggest that susceptibility to oxidative DNA damage varies among mammalian tissue culture cells and that mOGG1 appears to redistribute once mOGG1 cell copy number increases in response to oxidative DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Conlon
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thomson M, Korn M, Hall PF. GTP-binding proteins in adrenocortical mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1248:159-69. [PMID: 7748898 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(94)00234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have identified two GTP-binding proteins in mitochondria from bovine adrenal cortex (fasciculata). Sub-mitochondrial particles were fractionated into inner membrane, contact point and outer membrane vesicles on sucrose density gradients. These sub-mitochondrial fractions were identified by the presence of enzyme markers and electron microscopy. Photoaffinity labelling with [gamma-32P]GTP identified a 45 kDa GTP-binding protein in outer mitochondrial membranes and a 19 kDa protein in the contact points. The molecular weight of 45 kDa and requirement for Mg2+ ions raise the possibility that this protein is an alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein or a novel GTP-binding protein. The specificity of nucleotide binding, the requirement for low concentrations of Mg2+ (0.1 mM) and molecular weight of 19 kDa suggest that this protein is a typical member of the so-called small GTP-binding protein family. The location of 45 kDa in the outer membrane and that of 19 kDa in the contact points suggest roles for these proteins in the interaction with the extramitochondrial environment and in the regulation of mitochondrial membranes, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Thomson
- Department of Endocrinology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Abstract
The nuclear membrane forms a major barrier within the cell, permitting levels of regulation not found in prokaryotes. The dynamics and diverse functions of the nuclear membrane and its associated structures are considered in this review. The role of the nuclear pore complex in selective transport across the nuclear membrane has been studied to a considerable degree; however, many crucial questions remain. Components of a signal transduction mechanism are associated with the nucleus, suggesting that nuclear functions may be influenced directly by this system. The involvement of the heat shock cognate protein Hsc70 in nuclear protein import is discussed, and a specific signal-presentation role for this protein is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Dingwall
- Wellcome/CRC Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Henderson SC, Locke M. A shell of F-actin surrounds the branched nuclei of silk gland cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.970230302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Feldherr CM, Akin D. EM visualization of nucleocytoplasmic transport processes. ELECTRON MICROSCOPY REVIEWS 1990; 3:73-86. [PMID: 2103338 DOI: 10.1016/0892-0354(90)90014-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope is strategically located between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, and, as such, can play a major role in controlling cellular activity by regulating the exchange of macromolecules between these two compartments. The nuclear pore complexes, which are located within circular areas formed by fusion of the inner and outer membranes of the envelope, represent the primary, if not the exclusive, exchange sites. Individual pores are able to function in both protein import and RNA efflux from the nucleus. Translocation of macromolecules occurs by either passive diffusion or facilitated transport through central channels within the pores. The functional size of the diffusion channel is approximately 9 to over 12 nm in diameter depending on the cell type. The width of the transport channel varies as a function of the number and effectiveness of the specific nuclear targeting signals contained within the permeant molecule. The maximum diameter of the channel can be over 26 nm. Nucleocytoplasmic exchanges can be regulated either by (1) differences in the properties of the transported molecule (molecular size and signal content) or (2) changes in the properties of the pore complexes, which can effect both diffusion and transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Feldherr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wakizaka A, Imai H, Aiba N, Okuhara E. Enhanced ATPase activity in liver cell nuclei induced by administration of mitomycin C to rats. Jpn J Cancer Res 1989; 80:1206-11. [PMID: 2534122 PMCID: PMC5917938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1989.tb01656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraperitoneal administration of mitomycin C (40 micrograms/100 g body weight) to male Wistar rats increased the ATPase activity in hypotonic extracts of liver cell nuclei for 4 days after injection. Partially purified ATPase, obtained by the DEAE-cellulose column chromatography of these extracts, showed a 14 times higher specific activity than that found in normal rat liver nuclei. The enzymatic activity was strongly enhanced by the addition of polynucleotides, especially poly A and poly I, to the assay mixture, but was inhibited by GTP, a chelating agent, heparin and thiol-group inhibitors. Quercetin and oligomycin were less effective, and ouabain showed no inhibitory effect. Mg2+ ions were essential, but neither Ca2+, Na+ nor K+ ions were required for the manifestation of the activity. These characteristic properties of the enzyme are similar to those of a nucleoside triphosphatase found in the nuclear matrix and envelope, suggesting that some energy-providing mechanisms involved in the repair processes of DNA damage or cellular injury are induced by mitomycin C administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wakizaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Akita University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roberts B. Nuclear location signal-mediated protein transport. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 1008:263-80. [PMID: 2667641 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(89)90016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Roberts
- Integrated Genetics, Framingham, MA 01701
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Connolly T, Gilmore R. The signal recognition particle receptor mediates the GTP-dependent displacement of SRP from the signal sequence of the nascent polypeptide. Cell 1989; 57:599-610. [PMID: 2541918 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The signal recognition particle (SRP)-mediated transport of proteins across mammalian endoplasmic reticulum requires GTP in a capacity distinct from polypeptide elongation. We defined the role of GTP by a molecular characterization of translocation intermediates that accumulate after incubation of SRP-ribosome complexes with microsomal membranes. SRP receptor-catalyzed displacement of SRP from ribosomes was GTP-dependent both with intact membranes and with the purified SRP receptor. GTP-specific binding was localized to the alpha subunit of the receptor by photoaffinity labeling and by probing nitrocellulose blots of the receptor with GTP. Analysis of the alpha subunit of the SRP receptor revealed amino acid sequences that are similar to guanine ribonucleotide binding site consensus sequence elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Connolly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie XS, Stone DK, Racker E. Purification of a Vanadate-sensitive ATPase from Clathrin-coated Vesicles of Bovine Brain. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)94244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
14
|
Abstract
The nucleus, like all organelles, is composed of a unique set of proteins. This article discusses the possible mechanisms for localization of only certain proteins to the nucleus, transport of proteins across the nuclear envelope, and retention of proteins in the nuclear interior. In addition, nuclear protein transport is compared with transport of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Silver
- Department of Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Purification and partial characterization of a calmodulin-stimulated nucleoside triphosphatase from pea nuclei. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
16
|
Schröder HC, Trölltsch D, Friese U, Bachmann M, Müller WE. Mature mRNA is selectively released from the nuclear matrix by an ATP/dATP-dependent mechanism sensitive to topoisomerase inhibitors. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
17
|
Schröder HC, Bachmann M, Diehl-Seifert B, Müller WE. Transport of mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1987; 34:89-142. [PMID: 3326042 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Clawson GA, Lackey A, Button J, Smuckler EA. The major nucleoside triphosphatase of nuclear scaffold is distinct from actin. Exp Cell Res 1986; 167:559-62. [PMID: 3021484 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(86)90195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The major nucleoside triphosphatase of rat liver nuclear scaffold, a 46 kD protein thought to participate in nucleocytoplasmic RNA translocation, is distinct from immunologically-identified scaffold actin on Western blots, has a substantially different amino acid composition, and its enzymatic activity is not affected by anti-actin antibodies. Thus, although the contractile protein actin is found in nuclear scaffold and appears to interact with RNA, it is not associated with the nucleoside triphosphatase activity in such preparations.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hazuda DJ, Wu CW. DNA-activated ATPase activity associated with Xenopus transcription factor A. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
21
|
Volkert FC, Wu LC, Fisher PA, Broach JR. Survival strategies of the yeast plasmid two-micron circle. BASIC LIFE SCIENCES 1986; 40:375-96. [PMID: 3551916 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5251-8_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The multicopy yeast plasmid 2-micron circle uses a number of strategies to insure its persistence in its host. The plasmid confers no selective phenotype to the cell in which it is resident. Nonetheless, the plasmid is lost at less than 1 per 10(5) cell divisions during continuous exponential growth. We have determined that the plasmid persists at least in part due to the ability of the plasmid to amplify its mean copy number when its cellular copy level is low and to distribute plasmid molecules equally between mother and daughter cells at mitosis. We have found that amplification of plasmid copy number occurs by a novel mechanism in which site-specific recombination induces a transient shift in the mode of replication from theta to rolling circle. Equitable partitioning of plasmid molecules requires plasmid-encoded proteins and a centromere-like segment on the plasmid. We have accumulated evidence consistent with a model of partitioning in which the partitioning proteins form a transnuclear structure that is responsible for distributing plasmid molecules throughout the nucleus prior to cell division. In this chapter we describe evidence supporting the existence and mode of action of these two plasmid strategies and discuss the extent to which these strategies may be a pervasive facet of the biology of eukaryotic extrachromosomal elements.
Collapse
|
22
|
Purification and characterization of the major nucleoside triphosphatase from rat liver nuclear envelopes. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
23
|
Photoaffinity labeling of the cap-binding protein complex with ATP/dATP. Differential labeling of free eukaryotic initiation factor 4A and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4A component of the cap-binding protein complex with [alpha-32P]ATP/dATP. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
24
|
Clawson GA, Button J, Smuckler EA. Photoaffinity labelling of a nuclear matrix nucleoside triphosphatase and its modulation in the acute-phase response. Exp Cell Res 1985; 159:171-5. [PMID: 2411577 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4827(85)80046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photoaffinity labelling has been used to identify the major nuclear matrix nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) as a 46 kD polypeptide, which appears to represent the same polypeptide photolabelled in nuclear envelope. Nuclear matrix NTPase and its photolabelling were selectively decreased in the acute phase response of rat liver, which also encompasses decreases (30%) in RNA transport in vitro and nuclear envelope NTPase. These results, and quantitative considerations suggest that the NTPase correlatively linked to RNA transport is not solubilized by detergents; it appears to represent a nuclear matrix component.
Collapse
|
25
|
Filson AJ, Lewis A, Blobel G, Fisher PA. Monoclonal antibodies prepared against the major Drosophila nuclear Matrix-pore complex-lamina glycoprotein bind specifically to the nuclear envelope in situ. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
26
|
Smith CD, Wells WW. Solubilization and reconstitution of a nuclear envelope-associated ATPase. Synergistic activation by RNA and polyphosphoinositides. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)71295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
27
|
Blanchard KL, Richardson JP. Two ribonucleic acid-dependent nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolases from rat liver nuclei. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
28
|
A 174-kilodalton ATPase/dATPase polypeptide and a glycoprotein of apparently identical molecular weight are common but distinct components of higher eukaryotic nuclear structural protein subfractions. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|