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Mamode Cassim A, Grison M, Ito Y, Simon-Plas F, Mongrand S, Boutté Y. Sphingolipids in plants: a guidebook on their function in membrane architecture, cellular processes, and environmental or developmental responses. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3719-3738. [PMID: 33151562 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are fundamental lipids involved in various cellular, developmental and stress-response processes. As such, they orchestrate not only vital molecular mechanisms of living cells but also act in diseases, thus qualifying as potential pharmaceutical targets. Sphingolipids are universal to eukaryotes and are also present in some prokaryotes. Some sphingolipid structures are conserved between animals, plants and fungi, whereas others are found only in plants and fungi. In plants, the structural diversity of sphingolipids, as well as their downstream effectors and molecular and cellular mechanisms of action, are of tremendous interest to both basic and applied researchers, as about half of all small molecules in clinical use originate from plants. Here, we review recent advances towards a better understanding of the biosynthesis of sphingolipids, the diversity in their structures as well as their functional roles in membrane architecture, cellular processes such as membrane trafficking and cell polarity, and cell responses to environmental or developmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiilah Mamode Cassim
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, ERL 6003 CNRS, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Magali Grison
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yoko Ito
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Francoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, ERL 6003 CNRS, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Tartaglio V, Rennie EA, Cahoon R, Wang G, Baidoo E, Mortimer JC, Cahoon EB, Scheller HV. Glycosylation of inositol phosphorylceramide sphingolipids is required for normal growth and reproduction in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:278-290. [PMID: 27643972 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a major component of plant plasma membranes and endomembranes, and mediate a diverse range of biological processes. Study of the highly glycosylated glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramide (GIPC) sphingolipids has been slow as a result of challenges associated with the extractability of GIPCs, and their functions in the plant remain poorly characterized. We recently discovered an Arabidopsis GIPC glucuronosyltransferase, INOSITOL PHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE 1 (IPUT1), which is the first enzyme in the GIPC glycosylation pathway. Plants homozygous for the iput1 loss-of-function mutation were unobtainable, and so the developmental effects of reduced GIPC glucuronosylation could not be analyzed in planta. Using a pollen-specific rescue construct, we have here isolated homozygous iput1 mutants. The iput1 mutants show severe dwarfism, compromised pollen tube guidance, and constitutive activation of salicyclic acid-mediated defense pathways. The mutants also possess reduced GIPCs, increased ceramides, and an increased incorporation of short-chain fatty acids and dihydroxylated bases into inositol phosphorylceramides and GIPCs. The assignment of a direct role for GIPC glycan head groups in the impaired processes in iput1 mutants is complicated by the vast compensatory changes in the sphingolipidome; however, our results reveal that the glycosylation steps of GIPC biosynthesis are important regulated components of sphingolipid metabolism. This study corroborates previously suggested roles for GIPC glycans in plant growth and defense, suggests important roles for them in reproduction and demonstrates that the entire sphingolipidome is sensitive to their status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Tartaglio
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Emilie A Rennie
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Rebecca Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - George Wang
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Edward Baidoo
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Abstract
Sphingolipids are a ubiquitous class of lipids present in a variety of organisms including eukaryotes and bacteria. In the last two decades, research has focused on characterizing the individual species of this complex family of lipids, which has led to a new field of research called 'sphingolipidomics'. There are at least 500 (and perhaps thousands of) different molecular species of sphingolipids in cells, and in Arabidopsis alone it has been reported that there are at least 168 different sphingolipids. Plant sphingolipids can be divided into four classes: glycosyl inositol phosphoceramides (GIPCs), glycosylceramides, ceramides, and free long-chain bases (LCBs). Numerous enzymes involved in plant sphingolipid metabolism have now been cloned and characterized, and, in general, there is broad conservation in the way in which sphingolipids are metabolized in animals, yeast and plants. Here, we review the diversity of sphingolipids reported in the literature, some of the recent advances in our understanding of sphingolipid metabolism in plants, and the physiological roles that sphingolipids and sphingolipid metabolites play in plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael O Pata
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR 441-2594 (INRA-CNRS), Chemin de Borde Rouge BP 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Law JH, Yu RK. Introduction to thematic series on sphingolipids in honor of Professor Herbert E. Carter (1910–2007). J Lipid Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1194/jlr.e800003-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Tringali C, Lupo B, Anastasia L, Papini N, Monti E, Bresciani R, Tettamanti G, Venerando B. Expression of sialidase Neu2 in leukemic K562 cells induces apoptosis by impairing Bcr-Abl/Src kinases signaling. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:14364-72. [PMID: 17374613 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700406200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a hematopoietic stem cell cancer, originated by the perpetually "switched on" activity of the tyrosine kinase Bcr-Abl, leading to uncontrolled proliferation and insensitivity to apoptotic stimuli. The genetic phenotype of myeloid leukemic K562 cells includes the suppression of cytosolic sialidase Neu2. Neu2 transfection in K562 cells induced a marked decrease (-30% and -80%) of the mRNA of the anti-apoptotic factors Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, respectively, and an almost total disappearance of Bcl-2 protein. In addition, gene expression and activity of Bcr-Abl underwent a 35% diminution, together with a marked decrease of Bcr-Abl-dependent Src and Lyn kinase activity. Thus, the antiapoptotic axis Bcr-Abl, Src, and Lyn, which stimulates the formation of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, was remarkably weakened. The ultimate consequences of these modifications were an increased susceptibility to apoptosis of K562 cells and a marked reduction of their proliferation rate. The molecular link between Neu2 activity and Bcr-Abl signaling pathway may rely on the desialylation of some cytosolic glycoproteins. In fact, three cytosolic glycoproteins, in the range 45-66 kDa, showed a 50-70% decrease of their sialic acid content upon Neu2 expression, supporting their possible role as modulators of the Bcr-Abl complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tringali
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Milan, LITA via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, Milan, Italy
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Lynch DV, Dunn TM. An introduction to plant sphingolipids and a review of recent advances in understanding their metabolism and function. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2004; 161:677-702. [PMID: 33873728 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.00992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are ubiquitous constituents of eukaryotic cells, and have been intensively investigated in mammals and yeast for decades. Aspects of sphingolipid biochemistry in plants have been explored only recently. To date, progress has been made in determining the structure and occurrence of sphingolipids in plant tissues; in characterizing the enzymatic steps involved in production and turnover of sphingolipids (and, in some cases, the genes encoding the relevant enzymes); and in identifying a variety of biological functions for sphingolipids in plants. Given that these efforts are far from complete and much remains to be learned, this review represents a status report on the burgeoning field of plant sphingolipid biochemistry. Contents Summary 677 I. Introduction 678 II. Plant sphingolipid structure 678 III. Sphingolipid metabolism in plants 683 IV. Sphingolipid functions in plants 693 V. Conclusions 696 Acknowledgements 696 References 696.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Lynch
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Teresa M Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Desai T, Fernandez-Mayoralas A, Gigg J, Gigg R, Payne S. The synthesis and resolution of (+/-)-1,5,6-tri-O-benzyl-myo-inositol. Carbohydr Res 1990; 205:105-23. [PMID: 2276129 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)80132-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Racemic 1,5,6-tri-O-benzyl-myo-inositol was prepared by five routes and converted into 1,5,6-tri-O-benzyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-myo-inositol, the camphanates of which were readily separated by chromatography. The absolute configurations of the chiral derivatives were established by their conversion into the known chiral 1,4,5,6-tetra-O-benzyl-myo-inositols. 1D-1,5,6-Tri-O-benzyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-myo-inositol was converted into 1D-1,3,5,6-tetra-O-benzyl-myo-inositol and thence into 1D-2,4-di-O-methyl-myo-inositol. 1D-1,5,6-Tri-O-benzyl-myo-inositol was converted into 1D-1,2,5,6-tetra-O-benzyl-myo-inositol, the diacetate of which is a chiral analogue of "thermosalient crystals". The potential of the above compounds for the synthesis of natural products is surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Desai
- Laboratory of Lipid and General Chemistry, National Institute for Medical Research, London, Great Britain
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Glycosphingolipids * *Sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids (the gangliosides) are discussed in a separate chapter (see Chapter 3). GLYCOLIPIDS 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Zherebin YL, Kolesnik AA. Phytoglycolipids of the grape. Chem Nat Compd 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00575745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Scholfield
- Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Northern Regional Research Center; 61604 Peoria IL
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Matsuura F. Phosphonosphingoglycolipid, a novel sphingolipid from the viscera of Turbo cornutus. Chem Phys Lipids 1977; 19:223-42. [PMID: 890866 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(77)90045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel lipid which contained long-chain base, fatty acid, galactose and N-methylamino-ethylphosphonic acid in an equimolar was isolated from the viscera of Turbo cornutus. The method used for the structural elucidation of this lipid were partial acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, periodate oxidation and Smith degradation. The structure of break-down products were mainly identified by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The structure of the novel lipid was determined to be 1-O-[6'-O-(N-methylaminoethyl-phosphonyl) galactopyranosyl] ceramide. Mass spectra of galactose-N-methylaminoethylphospnate and glycerol-N-methylamino-ethylphosphonate are given.
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Aneja R, Chadha JS, Yoell RW. A Process for the Separation of Phosphatide Mixtures: The Preparation of Phosphatidylethanolamine-free Phosphatides from Soya Lecithin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19710731017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Plant Phospholipids and Glycolipids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-024908-4.50012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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Carter HE, Kisic A, Koob JL, Martin JA. Biochemistry of the sphingolipids. XIX. Studies on an epimerization phenomenon in the oligosaccharide of phytoglycolipid. Biochemistry 1969; 8:389-93. [PMID: 5777336 DOI: 10.1021/bi00829a054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Carter HE, Strobach DR, Hawthorne JN. Biochemistry of the sphingolipids. 18. Complete structure of tetrasaccharide phytoglycolipid. Biochemistry 1969; 8:383-8. [PMID: 5777335 DOI: 10.1021/bi00829a053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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