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Overproduction and purification ofEscherichia coli tRNA(Leu). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 41:225-31. [PMID: 18425626 DOI: 10.1007/bf02895095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/1997] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemically synthesized genes encodingEscherichia coli tRNA (1) (Leu) and tRNA (2) (Leu) were ligated into the plasmid pTrc99B. then transformed intoEscherichia coli MT102, respectively. The positive transformants, named MT-Leu1 and MT-Leu2, were confirmed by DNA sequencing, and the conditions of cultivation for the two transformants were optimized. As a result, leucinc accepting activity of their total tRNA reached 810 and 560 pmol/A(260), respectively: the content of tRNA (1) (Leu) was 50% of total tRNA from MT-Leu1, while that of tRNA (2) (Leu) was 30% of total tRNA from MT-Leu2. Both tRNA(Leu)s from their rotal tRNs were fractionated to 1 600 pmol/A(260) after DEAE-Sepharose and BD-cellulose column chromatography. The accurate kinetic constants of aminoacylation of the two isoacceptors of tRNA(Leu) catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase were determined.
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Sørensen MA, Elf J, Bouakaz E, Tenson T, Sanyal S, Björk GR, Ehrenberg M. Over expression of a tRNA(Leu) isoacceptor changes charging pattern of leucine tRNAs and reveals new codon reading. J Mol Biol 2005; 354:16-24. [PMID: 16236318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2005] [Revised: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
During mRNA translation, synonymous codons for one amino acid are often read by different isoaccepting tRNAs. The theory of selective tRNA charging predicts greatly varying percentages of aminoacylation among isoacceptors in cells starved for their common amino acid. It also predicts major changes in tRNA charging patterns upon concentration changes of single isoacceptors, which suggests a novel type of translational control of gene expression. We therefore tested the theory by measuring with Northern blots the charging of Leu-tRNAs in Escherichia coli under Leu limitation in response to over expression of tRNA(GAG)(Leu). As predicted, the charged level of tRNA(GAG)(Leu) increased and the charged levels of four other Leu isoacceptors decreased or remained unchanged, but the charged level of tRNA(UAG)(Leu) increased unexpectedly. To remove this apparent inconsistency between theory and experiment we postulated a previously unknown common codon for tRNA(GAG)(Leu) and tRNA(UAG)(Leu). Subsequently, we demonstrated that the tRNA(GAG)(Leu) codon CUU is, in fact, read also by tRNA(UAG)(Leu), due to a uridine-5-oxyacetic acid modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Li T, Li Y, Guo N, Wang E, Wang Y. Discrimination of tRNALeu isoacceptors by the insertion mutant of Escherichia coli leucyl-tRNA synthetase. Biochemistry 1999; 38:9084-8. [PMID: 10413482 DOI: 10.1021/bi9901984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A variant (LeuRS-A) of Escherichia coli leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) carrying a 40-residue duplication in its connective peptide 1 (CP1) has a 3-fold lower specificity for than for, whereas wild-type LeuRS has the same specificity for these two isoacceptors. The replacement of the acceptor stem of with yields a chimeric tRNA(Leu) for which wild-type LeuRS has the same specificity as it does for the two normal isoacceptors mentioned, but for which LeuRS-A has a reduced specificity similar to that for, indicating a difference between these two acceptor stems. LeuRS-A is slightly less stable than the native enzyme. Wild-type LeuRS and LeuRS-A have almost same K(d) value for their interaction with as determined by fluorescence quenching. No difference was detected between these two proteins by CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. These results show that LeuRS-A can discriminate between the two isoacceptors of tRNA(Leu).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Temperature sensitivity caused by missense suppressor supH and amber suppressor supP in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1991; 173:412-6. [PMID: 1987132 PMCID: PMC207204 DOI: 10.1128/jb.173.1.412-416.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The temperature-sensitive missense suppressor supH and amber suppressor supP in Escherichia coli are mutations of the serU and leuX genes, respectively. The supH tRNA, tRNA(SerCAA), is expected to recognize UUG codons, which are normally read by tRNA(LeuCAA) and tRNA(LeuUAA), coded for by the leuX gene and the leuZ gene, respectively. We show that supP and supH are incompatible and that strains carrying both supP and a restrictive rpsL allele are temperature sensitive. It is suggested that the temperature sensitivity of both supH and supP strains is caused by deficient reading of UUG codons by tRNA(LeuUAA).
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Abstract
The ftsM1 mutation is believed to be in a gene implicated in the regulation of cell division in Escherichia coli because it displayed the lon mutation phenotypes. In this study, we show that this mutation is located in serU, a gene which codes for tRNA(Ser)2, and has the phenotypes of the serU allele supH. Both ftsM1 and supH suppressed the leuB6 and ilvD145 missense mutations, and both conferred temperature and UV light irradiation sensitivity to the harboring cells. Cells which carried the ftsM1 mutation or the supH suppressor had very low colony-forming abilities on salt-free L agar, and this phenotype was almost completely abolished by the presence of plasmids bearing the ftsZ+ gene. Furthermore, sensitivity of the mutant cells to UV irradiation was also markedly diminished when they carried a ftsZ+-bearing plasmid. These results suggest that supH-containing cells have reduced FtsZ activities, in accordance with their displaying the phenotypes of the lon mutant cells. The possibility that ftsM1 (supH) is functionally involved in the biosynthesis of a specific protein which affects cell division is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Leclerc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Searles LL, Jones JW, Fournier MJ, Grambow N, Tyler B, Calvo JM. Escherichia coli B/r leuK mutant lacking pseudouridine synthase I activity. J Bacteriol 1986; 166:341-5. [PMID: 3514581 PMCID: PMC214600 DOI: 10.1128/jb.166.1.341-345.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli B/r strain EB146 containing mutation leuK16 has elevated levels of enzymes involved in the synthesis of leucine, valine, isoleucine, histidine, and tryptophan (Brown et al., J. Bacteriol. 135:542-550, 1978). We show here that strain EB146 (leuK16) has properties that are similar to those of E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium hisT strains. In tRNA1Leu from both hisT and leuK strains, positions 39 and 41 are uridine residues rather than pseudouridine residues. Furthermore, in tRNA3Leu and tRNA4Leu from a leuK strain, uridine residues at positions 39 and 40, respectively, are unmodified. Pseudouridine synthase I activity is missing in extracts of strain EB146 (leuK16), and extracts of strain EB146 (leuK16) and of a hisT strain do not complement one another in vitro. Four phenotypes of strain EB146 (leuK16), leucine excretion, wrinkled colony morphology, and elevated levels of leu and his enzymes, are complemented by a plasmid having a 1.65-kilobase DNA fragment containing the E. coli K-12 hisT locus. These results indicate that either leuK codes for pseudouridine synthase I (and is thus a hisT locus in reality) or, less likely, it codes for a product that affects the synthesis or activity of pseudouridine synthase I.
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Thorbjarnardóttir S, Uemura H, Dingermann T, Rafnar T, Thorsteinsdóttir S, Söll D, Eggertsson G. Escherichia coli supH suppressor: temperature-sensitive missense suppression caused by an anticodon change in tRNASer2. J Bacteriol 1985; 161:207-11. [PMID: 3155715 PMCID: PMC214857 DOI: 10.1128/jb.161.1.207-211.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the cloning and the DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli supH missense suppressor and of the supD60(Am) suppressor genes. supH is a mutant form of serU which codes for tRNASer2. The supH coding sequence differs from the wild-type sequence by a single nucleotide change which corresponds to the middle position of the anticodon. The CGA anticodon of wild-type tRNA and CUA anticodon of supD tRNA is changed to CAA in supH tRNA, which is expected to recognize the UUG leucine codon. We propose that the supH suppressor causes the insertion of serine in response to this codon. The temperature sensitivity caused by supH may be due to a conformation of the CAA anticodon in the supH tRNASer that is slightly different than that in the corresponding tRNALeu species.
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Leucine tRNA family of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence of the supP(Am) suppressor gene. J Bacteriol 1985; 161:219-22. [PMID: 2981802 PMCID: PMC214859 DOI: 10.1128/jb.161.1.219-222.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the cloning and the DNA sequence of an amber suppressor allele of the Escherichia coli leuX (supP) gene. The suppressor allele codes for a tRNA with anticodon CUA, presumably derived by a single base change from a CAA anticodon. The mature coding sequence of the leuX gene is preceded by a putative Pribnow box sequence (TATAAT) and followed by a termination signal. The sequence of the leuX-coded tRNA is compared with the sequences of the four remaining tRNALeu isoacceptors of E. coli and with two tRNALeu species from bacteriophage T4 and T5. The conserved nucleotides in these seven tRNAs recognized by E. coli leucyl-tRNA synthetase are located mainly in the aminoacyl stem and in the D-stem/loop region.
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Spencer M, Binns MM. Reverse salt gradient chromatography of tRNA on unsubstituted agarose. I. Variations in elution profile and evidence for two fractionation mechanisms. J Chromatogr A 1982; 238:297-306. [PMID: 6178749 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)81315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
E. coli tRNA was fractionated by the application of ammonium sulphate reverse gradients to Sepharose 4B. Variations in elution profile were partly attributable to differences between batches of Sepharose. The profile also varied with column length and gradient parameters. This suggests the existence of two distinct mechanisms which do not separate different tRNAs in the same sequence. The first mechanisms, believed to be interfacial precipitation, releases tRNAs progressively as the salt concentration is reduced. A second mechanism introduces adsorptive retardation in which molecules lag behind the solvent. This process, widely believed not to be important in the chromatography of macromolecules with multiple binding sites, is in the present case mainly responsible for the improved resolution of peaks on passage down a long column. Isocratic (constant-salt) fractionation is also feasible. The Sepharose batch variation affects the second mechanism more than the first.
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Horowitz H, Christie GE, Platt T. Nucleotide sequence of the trpD gene, encoding anthranilate synthetase component II of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 1982; 156:245-56. [PMID: 6283099 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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A GTPase reaction accompanying the rejection of Leu-tRNA2 by UUU-programmed ribosomes. Proofreading of the codon-anticodon interaction by ribosomes. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Arnardóttir A, Thorbjarnardóttir S, Eggertsson G. Mapping of the supP (Su6+) amber suppressor gene in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1980; 141:977-8. [PMID: 6154043 PMCID: PMC293727 DOI: 10.1128/jb.141.2.977-978.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The supP (Su6(+)) amber suppressor gene has been mapped on the clockwise side of the valS locus near min 95 on the Escherichia coli chromosome.
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14
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Hjertén S, Hellman U, Svensson I, Rosengren J. Chromatographic fractionation of Escherichia coli transfer RNA on a new support, naphthoyl-Sepharose. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 1979; 1:263-73. [PMID: 399613 DOI: 10.1016/0165-022x(79)90001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The noncharged naphthoyl-Sepharose CL-6B has been prepared. Escherichia coli tRNA binds to this new adsorbent in 0.75 M ammonium sulphate at neutral pH at room temperature. Using a negative salt gradient, the tRNAs are eluted in a defined order. The chromatographic pattern is clearly different from those of other commonly used tRNA separation techniques.
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Goldman E, Holmes WM, Hatfield GW. Specificity of codon recognition by Escherichia coli tRNALeu isoaccepting species determined by protein synthesis in vitro directed by phage RNA. J Mol Biol 1979; 129:567-85. [PMID: 383997 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Spencer M, Neidle S, Jones TA. Crystallisation of tRNALeuCUG from Escherichia coli after purification with hydroxyapatite. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 86:66-70. [PMID: 373756 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)90382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Abstract
The use of triplet code words in E. coli, phiX174, MS2, and rabbit globin was examined. A significant deficiency of purines in the third position of four fold degenerate codons was noted, although its significance is not understood. There has been no consistent selection against uracil in pyrimidine restricted codons. For many amino acids the choice between code words appears random, while for arginine, isoleucine, and probably glycine, distinct biases exist which can be explained in terms of tRNA availability.
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LaRossa RA, Mao JI, Low KB, Söll D. Regulation of biosynthesis of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and of tRNA in Escherichia coli. III. Biochemical characterization of regulatory mutants affecting leucyl-tRNA synthetase levels. J Mol Biol 1977; 117:1049-59. [PMID: 342704 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(77)80012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Elton RA, Russell GJ, Subak-Sharpe JH. Doublet frequencies and codon weighting in the DNA of Escherichia coli and its phages. J Mol Evol 1976; 8:117-35. [PMID: 787545 DOI: 10.1007/bf01739098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A compilation of nucleic acid sequences from E. coli and its phages has been analysed for the frequency of occurrence of nearest neighbour base doublets and codons. Several statistically significant deviations from random are found in both doublet and codon frequencies. The deviations in E. coli also appear to occur in lambda and in the coat protein gene of MS2, whereas T4 and other parts of the MS2 genome show different sequence properties. These and other findings are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that rapidity of translation of mRNAs in the E. coli system is dependent on doublet frequency and codon usage patterns.
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Takeishi K, Nomoto A, Ukita T. Histidine transfer RNA from baker's yeast: Number of isoaccepting species and their coding specificity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(72)90250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Wright RD, Pillay D, Cherry JH. Changes in leucyl-tRNA species of pea leaves during senescence and after zeatin treatment. Mech Ageing Dev 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(72)90084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Isolation and partial characterization of temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli mutants with altered leucyl- and seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetases. J Bacteriol 1971; 108:742-50. [PMID: 4942762 PMCID: PMC247134 DOI: 10.1128/jb.108.2.742-750.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Two temperature-sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli have been found in which the conditional growth is a result of a thermosensitive leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase and seryl-tRNA synthetase, respectively. The corresponding genetic loci, leuS and serS, cotransduce with lip and serC, respectively. As a result of the mutationally altered leucyl-tRNA synthetase, some leucine-, valine-, and isoleucine-forming enzymes were derepressed. Thus, leucyl-tRNA synthetase is involved in the repression of the enzymes needed for the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids.
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A Comparative Study of the Interactions of Escherichia coli Leucyl-, Seryl-, and Valyl-Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetases with Their Cognate Transfer Ribonucleic Acids. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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30
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Purification of an Escherichia coli Leucine Suppressor Transfer Ribonucleic Acid and Its Aminoacylation by the Homologous Leucyl-Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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