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Cytochrome c Oxidase at Full Thrust: Regulation and Biological Consequences to Flying Insects. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020470. [PMID: 33671793 PMCID: PMC7931083 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Flight dispersal represents a key aspect of the evolutionary and ecological success of insects, allowing escape from predators, mating, and colonization of new niches. The huge energy demand posed by flight activity is essentially met by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in flight muscle mitochondria. In insects, mitochondrial ATP supply and oxidant production are regulated by several factors, including the energy demand exerted by changes in adenylate balance. Indeed, adenylate directly regulates OXPHOS by targeting both chemiosmotic ATP production and the activities of specific mitochondrial enzymes. In several organisms, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is regulated at transcriptional, post-translational, and allosteric levels, impacting mitochondrial energy metabolism, and redox balance. This review will present the concepts on how COX function contributes to flying insect biology, focusing on the existing examples in the literature where its structure and activity are regulated not only by physiological and environmental factors but also how changes in its activity impacts insect biology. We also performed in silico sequence analyses and determined the structure models of three COX subunits (IV, VIa, and VIc) from different insect species to compare with mammalian orthologs. We observed that the sequences and structure models of COXIV, COXVIa, and COXVIc were quite similar to their mammalian counterparts. Remarkably, specific substitutions to phosphomimetic amino acids at critical phosphorylation sites emerge as hallmarks on insect COX sequences, suggesting a new regulatory mechanism of COX activity. Therefore, by providing a physiological and bioenergetic framework of COX regulation in such metabolically extreme models, we hope to expand the knowledge of this critical enzyme complex and the potential consequences for insect dispersal.
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Syromyatnikov MY, Gureev AP, Vitkalova IY, Starkov AA, Popov VN. Unique features of flight muscles mitochondria of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21595. [PMID: 31276240 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Honey bees Apis mellifera L. are one of the most studied insect species due to their economic importance. The interest in studying honey bees chiefly stems from the recent rapid decrease in their world population, which has become a problem of food security. Nevertheless, there are no systemic studies on the properties of the mitochondria of honey bee flight muscles. We conducted a research of the mitochondria of the flight muscles of A. mellifera L. The influence of various organic substrates on mitochondrial respiration in the presence or absence of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was investigated. We demonstrated that pyruvate is the optimal substrate for the coupled respiration. A combination of pyruvate and glutamate is required for the maximal respiration rate. We also show that succinate oxidation does not support the oxidative phosphorylation and the generation of membrane potential. We also studied the production of reactive oxygen species by isolated mitochondria. The greatest production of H2 O2 (as a percentage of the rate of oxygen consumed) in the absence of ADP was observed during the respiration supported by α-glycerophosphate, malate, and a combination of malate with another NAD-linked substrate. We showed that honey bee flight muscle mitochondria are unable to uptake Ca2+ -ions. We also show that bee mitochondria are able to oxidize the respiration substrates effectively at the temperature of 50°С compared to Bombus terrestris mitochondria, which were more adapted to lower temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y Syromyatnikov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Artem P Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Inna Y Vitkalova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | | | - Vasily N Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
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Abstract
Uptake of Na2(75)SeO3 by mitochondria of the larvae of the insect C. cephalonica reared at different dietary selenium (Se) levels revealed: 1. A proportional increase in the uptake with externally added Na2(75)SeO3 in concentrations upto 25.32 microM; and 2. At each added selenite concentration, an increase up to 60 min, with linearity up to 15-30 min. A differential affinity for Na2(75)SeO3 was elicited in the mitochondrial protein fractions of different dietary Se groups and correlated well with the pattern and the ratio of distribution of incorporated 75Se in protein to nonprotein fractions. Kinetic studies on 75Se uptake by whole mitochondria negated passive diffusion of selenite and revealed a trend of negative cooperativity, confirmed by Hill and Scatchard plots. Half saturation value was estimated to be approx 13 nmole Se/mg mitochondrial protein. Scatchard plot for 75Se uptake was biphasic and the high affinity binding sites were estimated to be around 5 nmole/mg mitochondrial protein. Calculated dissociation constants revealed maximal affinity for 75Se in the 1.5 ppm group (KSe 0.0034 nM) and minimal in the basal group (KSe 0.007 nM). In the mitochondria of all the three dietary Se groups, the estimated low affinity sites amounted to be 15-19 nmole/mg mitochondrial protein. Inherent Se in the mitochondria of the high Se group positively enhanced the incorporation of 75Se in the mitochondrial protein fraction. About 20-30% of the total uptake was indicated to be energy linked as revealed by studies with respiratory inhibitors. Addition of sulfite and sulfate (5-25 microM) in the medium, inhibited 75Se uptake by 35-55%, suggestive of the involvement of the dicarboxylate port. Thiol interactive 75Se uptake was confirmed by the inhibition mediated by mersalyl and NEM up to 50-70%. The study revealed thiol-selenite interactions of metabolic significance during selenite uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lalitha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
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Lalitha K, Rani P, Narayanaswami V. Metabolic relevance of selenium in the insect Corcyra cephalonica. Uptake of 75Se and subcellular distribution. Biol Trace Elem Res 1994; 41:217-33. [PMID: 7946914 DOI: 10.1007/bf02917424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Requirement, uptake, and subcellular distribution of Na2(75)SeO3 in the larvae of the insect C. cephalonica was investigated. That Se is well tolerated by C. cephalonica upto an added level of 2 ppm in the diet is suggested by the observed increase in body weight, total protein, and succinate dehydrogenase levels. Significant increases in the State 3 respiration ensued with Se supplementation up to 2 ppm in the mitochondrial oxidation of D-glycerol 1-phosphate, succinate and NADH, along with concomitant unaltered State 4 respiration, leading to enhanced RCR values. Maximal uptake of 75Se was registered in the larvae maintained on basal diet when subjected to short-term exposure to 0.5 ppm 75Se level. When exposure level was further increased up to 20 ppm, the observed decrease in the uptake of 75Se suggested that Se status of larvae itself controlled the tissue uptake. Subcellular distribution pattern revealed maximal incorporation of 75Se (cpm/g tissue) in the supernatant fraction, whereas, maximal specific 75Se activity (cpm/mg protein) was associated with the mitochondrial fraction. Autoradiography of the soluble fractions indicated the presence of single selenoprotein in the larval group with short term 2 ppm 75Se exposure. Inherent Se controls both the extent and the nature of distribution of mitochondrial 75Se incorporation. Uptake of 45Ca by the insect mitochondria was enhanced by dietary Se up to 2 ppm but was unaffected by addition of in vitro 75Se in the medium. A more fundamental role for Se in the mitochondrial energy metabolism emerges from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lalitha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
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Hansford RG. Relation between mitochondrial calcium transport and control of energy metabolism. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1985; 102:1-72. [PMID: 2863864 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0034084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Bulos BA, Thomas BJ, Sacktor B. Calcium inhibition of the NAD+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase from blowfly flight muscle mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)90955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
Isolated rat heart mitochondria accumulate large amounts of Ca2+ at the expense of respiration-linked energy or of that provided by the hydrolysis of ATP by the mitochondrial ATPase. At concentrations below 10 microM bepridil has no effect on the first mechanism but inhibits the second. At higher concentrations bepridil depresses both. At low concentrations bepridil decreases proton influx into mitochondria in ADP-stimulated respiration while it has no effect on proton ejection in Ca2+-stimulated respiration. A preliminary study shows that bepridil inhibits ATP hydrolysis linked to Ca2+ absorption by mitochondria. The calcium antagonists verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem exhibit none of these effects.
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Chapter 9 The uptake and the release of calcium by mitochondria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Akerman KE, Moore AL. Phosphate dependent, ruthenium red insensitive CA2+ uptake in mung bean mitochondria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1983; 114:1176-81. [PMID: 6412707 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(83)90686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Energy linked Ca2+ uptake into mung bean mitochondria has been studied. Using arsenazo III as a monitor of extramitochondrial Ca2+, we observe a respiration-linked uptake of Ca2+ which requires phosphate and is insensitive to ruthenium red. The rate of uptake is of the order of 5 nmol/mg protein/min. Acetate, sulphate and thiosulphate are unable to support Ca2+ uptake. The results suggest that although plant mitochondria accumulate Ca2+ in an energy dependent fashion, it is not via a simple electrophoretic uniport mechanism.
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Khan HM, Cutkomp LK. Effects of DDT, DDE, and PCBs on mitochondrial respiration. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 1982; 29:577-585. [PMID: 6817837 DOI: 10.1007/bf01669624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Abstract
The rate of aerobic Ca2+ transport is limited by the rate of the H+ pump rather than by the Ca2+ carrier. The kinetics of the Ca2+ carrier has therefore been studied by using the K+ diffusion potential as the driving force. The apparent Vmax of the Ca2+ carrier is, at 20 degrees C, about 900 nmol (mg of protein)-1 min-1, more than twice the rate of the H+ pump. The apparent Vmax is depressed by Mg2+ and Li+. This supports the view that the electrolytes act as noncompetitive inhibitors of the Ca2+ carrier. The degree of sigmoidicity of the kinetics of Ca2+ transport increases with the lowering of the temperature and proportionally with the concentration of impermeant electrolytes such as Mg2+ and Li+ but not choline. The effects of temperature and of electrolyte do not support the view that the sigmoidicity is due to modifications of the surface potential. Rather, they suggest that Ca2+ transport occurs through a multisubunit carrier, where cooperative phenomena are the result of ligand-induced conformational changes due to the interaction of several allosteric effectors with the carrier subunits. In contrast with La3+ which acts as a competitive inhibitor, Ruthenium Red affects the kinetics by inducing phenomena both of positive and of negative cooperativity. The Ruthenium Red induced kinetics has been reproduced through curve-fitting procedures by applying the Koshland sequential interaction hypothesis to a four-subunit Ca2+ carrier model.
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Nedergaard J, Cannon B. Overview--preparation and properties of mitochondria from different sources. Methods Enzymol 1979; 55:3-28. [PMID: 459848 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(79)55003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lehninger AL, Reynafarje B, Vercesi A, Tew WP. Transport and accumulation of calcium in mitochondria. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1978; 307:160-76. [PMID: 30375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb41941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cheng EY, Cutkomp LK, Koch RB. Effect of an imported fire ant venom component on respiration and oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria. Biochem Pharmacol 1977; 26:1179-80. [PMID: 889584 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(77)90065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Oxidation of α-glycerophosphate by mitochondria isolated from flight muscles of the blowfly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(77)90009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Guarnieri M, Nair PP, Sacktor B. The lipid composition of flight muscle mitochondria isolated from the blowfly, Phormia regina. Arch Biochem Biophys 1976; 172:672-8. [PMID: 1259426 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(76)90122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Brierley GP. The uptake and extrusion of monovalent cations by isolated heart mitochondria. Mol Cell Biochem 1976; 10:41-63. [PMID: 2858 DOI: 10.1007/bf01731680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The factors involved in the movement of monovalent cations across the inner membrane of the isolate heart mitochondrion are reviewed. The evidence suggests that the energy-dependent uptake of K+ and Na+ which results in swelling of the matrix is an electrophoretic response to a negative internal potential. There are no clear cut indications that this electrophoretic cation movement is carrier-mediated and possible modes of entry which do not require a carrier are examined. The evidence also suggests that the monovalent cation for proton exchanger (Na+ greater than K+) present in the membrane may participate in the energy-dependent extrusion of accumulated ions. The two processes, electrophoreti c cation uptake (swelling) and exchange-dependent cation extrusion (contraction) may represent a means of controlling the volume of the mitochondrion within the functioning cell. A number of indications point to the possibility that the volume control process may be mediated by the divalent cations Ca+2 and Mg+2. Studies with mercurial reagents also implicate certain membrane thiol groups in the postulated volume control process.
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Case GD. Magnetic resonance studies on the mitochondrial divalent cation carrier. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 375:69-86. [PMID: 163099 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(75)90073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of water proton spin relaxation enhancements (epsilon) can be used to discriminate high-affinity binding of Mn-2+ or Gd-3+ to biological membranes, from low-affinity binding. In rat liver mitochondria, epsilon b values of approx. 11 are observed upon binding of Mn-2+ to the inner membrane, while internal or low-affinity binding remains invisible to this technique. Energy-driven Mn-2+ uptake by liver mitochondria results in the subsequent decay of epsilon. Comparison of epsilon with the initial velocity of Mn-2+ uptake in rat liver mitochondria reveals a linear correlation, which holds at all temperatures between 0 degrees C and 40 degrees C, regardless of the mitochondrial protein concentration. Consequently, enhancement appears to reflect the binding of Mn-2+ to the divalent cation pump. Binding of Mn-2+ to blowfly flight muscle also results in substantial epsilon, which is associated with the glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase instead of divalent cation transport. Consequently, no decay in epsilon due to uptake occurs after Mn-2+ is bound. Lanthanide ions are also bound and transported by mitochondria. Addition of Gd-3+ to pigeon heart or rat liver mitochondria results in epsilon b approximately equal to 5-6, which decays with similar kinetics in both systems. The uptake velocity of Gd-3+ in rat liver mitochondria is about 1/6 the rate with which Mn-2+ is transported. Lanthanides also diminish epsilon due to the addition of Mn-2+, and greatly retard the Mn-2+ uptake kinetics. The presence of carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone depresses epsilon upon addition of Mn-2+ or Gd-3+ and also uncouples energy-driven uptake. On the other hand, prolonged anaerobic incubation in the presence of antimycin and rotenone exhausts the mitochondria of their energy stores, blocks the uptake of Mn-2+, but does not affect epsilon significantly. Evidently, the uncoupler-induced disappearance of divalent cation binding sites is not the result of "de-energization". Measurements of epsilon at several NMR frequencies indicate a correlation time (tau b) for carrier-bound Mn-2+ in rat liver mitochondria between 20 ns and 4 ns as one varies the temperature between 10 degrees C and 30 degrees C. The 13 Kcal/mole activation energy for tau b suggests that the 11 ns time constant at room temperature represents the movement of the Mn-11-carrier comples. On the other hand, tau b is probably approx. 100 times too short to represent the rotational motion of a carrier protein. Apparently, Mn-2+ binds to a small arm of the carrier which moves independent
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Wang HP, Pfeiffer DR, Kimura T, Tchen TT. Phospholipids of adrenal cortex mitochondria and the steroid hydroxylases: the lipid-environment of cytochrome P-450. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 57:93-9. [PMID: 4364009 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(74)80361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Azzone GF, Massari S, Colonna R, Dell'Antone P. Two conceptions of active transport in mitochondria: principles and experimental tests. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1974; 227:337-47. [PMID: 4275123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb14398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Azzone GF, Massari S. Active transport and binding in mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 301:195-226. [PMID: 4593321 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(73)90004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Diculescu I, Popescu LM. Electron microscopic demonstration of calcium in mitochondria of the frog skeletal muscle in situ. Exp Cell Res 1973; 82:152-8. [PMID: 4543090 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(73)90257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Balcavage WX, Lloyd JL, Mattoon JR, Ohnishi T, Scarpa A. Cation movements and respiratory response in yeast mitochondria treated with high Ca2+ concentrations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 305:41-51. [PMID: 4578276 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(73)90229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Katz AM, Repke DI. Calcium transport by rabbit skeletal muscle microsomes ("fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum"). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 298:270-8. [PMID: 4719132 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(73)90356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Carafoli E, Sacktor B. The effects of ruthenium red on reactions of blowfly flight muscle mitochondria with calcium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 49:1498-503. [PMID: 4639809 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Massari S, Balboni E, Azzone GF. Distribution of permeant cations in rat liver mitochondria under steady-state conditions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 283:16-22. [PMID: 4643351 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(72)90093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Johnson HM, Wilson RH. Sr 2+ uptake by bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 267:398-408. [PMID: 5042843 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(72)90127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Skaane O, Christiansen EN, Pedersen JI, Grav HJ. Oxidative properties of brown adipose tissue mitochondria from rats, guinea-pigs and hedgehogs. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1972; 42:91-107. [PMID: 5075772 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(72)90062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Ogata E, Kondo K, Kimura S, Yoshitoshi Y. Dependency on Ca ++ of ATP-stimulated uncoupled oxidation of succinate in rat lier mitochondria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 46:640-5. [PMID: 5057898 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(72)80188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Lehninger AL, Carafoli E. The interaction of La 3+ with mitochondria in relation to respiration-coupled Ca 2+ transport. Arch Biochem Biophys 1971; 143:506-15. [PMID: 5558134 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(71)90235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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