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Veldhuizen E, Vaillancourt F, Whiting C, Hsiao MY, Gingras G, Xiao Y, Tanguay R, Boukouvalas J, Eltis L. Steady-state kinetics and inhibition of anaerobically purified human homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase. Biochem J 2005; 386:305-14. [PMID: 15479158 PMCID: PMC1134795 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2004] [Revised: 09/22/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HGO (homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase; EC 1.13.11.5) catalyses the O2-dependent cleavage of HGA (homogentisate) to maleylacetoacetate in the catabolism of tyrosine. Anaerobic purification of heterologously expressed Fe(II)-containing human HGO yielded an enzyme preparation with a specific activity of 28.3+/- 0.6 micromol x min(-1) x mg(-1) (20 mM Mes, 80 mM NaCl, pH 6.2, 25 degrees C), which is almost twice that of the most active preparation described to date. Moreover, the addition of reducing agents or other additives did not increase the specific activity, in contrast with previous reports. The apparent specificity of HGO for HGA was highest at pH 6.2 and the steady-state cleavage of HGA fit a compulsory-order ternary-complex mechanism (K(m) value of 28.6+/-6.2 microM for HGA, K(m) value of 1240+/-160 microM for O2). Free HGO was subject to inactivation in the presence of O2 and during the steady-state cleavage of HGA. Both cases involved the oxidation of the active site Fe(II). 3-Cl HGA, a potential inhibitor of HGO, and its isosteric analogue, 3-Me HGO, were synthesized. At saturating substrate concentrations, HGO cleaved 3-Me and 3-Cl HGA 10 and 100 times slower than HGA respectively. The apparent specificity of HGO for HGA was approx. two orders of magnitude higher than for either 3-Me or 3-Cl HGA. Interestingly, 3-Cl HGA inactivated HGO only twice as rapidly as HGA. This contrasts with what has been observed in mechanistically related dioxygenases, which are rapidly inactivated by chlorinated substrate analogues, such as 3-hydroxyanthranilate dioxygenase by 4-Cl 3-hydroxyanthranilate.
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Key Words
- alkaptonuria
- dioxygenase
- enzymology
- homogentisate
- inhibition
- tyrosine catabolism
- c23o, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase
- dhb, 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl
- dhbd, 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase
- dtt, dithiothreitol
- go, gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase
- had, 3-hydroxyanthranilate dioxygenase
- hga, homogentisate
- hgo, homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 300-6174 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Frédéric H. Vaillancourt
- †Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Cheryl J. Whiting
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 300-6174 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Marvin M.-Y. Hsiao
- †Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Geneviève Gingras
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Yufang Xiao
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Robert M. Tanguay
- §Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire et Développementale, Département de Médecine, Pavillon Marchand, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - John Boukouvalas
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Lindsay D. Eltis
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 300-6174 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
- †Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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Schmidt SR, Muller CR, Kress W. Murine Liver Homogentisate 1,2-Dioxygenase. Purification to Homogeneity and Novel Biochemical Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.00425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Montgomery JA, Mamer OA. Profiles in altered metabolism. II.--Accumulation of homogentisic acid in serum and urine following acetylsalicylic acid ingestion. BIOMEDICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 1978; 5:331-3. [PMID: 656556 DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Homogentisic acid elevations have been found in urine and serum of patients on long term heavy salicylate therapy and those acutely intoxicated with acetylsalicylic acid. Loading of two normal volunteers with single oral acetylsalicylate doses produced transient elevations in urinary homogentisic acid excretion. These findings suggest that heavy salicylate use results in the partial inhibition of homogentisic acid oxidase in vivo.
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Woodford VR, Quan L, Cutts F. Experimental alkaptonuria in the rat induced by tryptophan deficiency. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1967; 45:791-6. [PMID: 6034699 DOI: 10.1139/o67-090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An experimental alkaptonuria induced by tryptophan deficiency has been observed in the rat. The condition of alkaptonuria followed development of signs of tryptophan deficiency as judged by weight loss of the young, growing rat and its general appearance. Homogentisic acid was identified by a comparison of its behavior on thin-layer chromatography with authentic homogentisate and by means of the enzyme homogentisic acid oxidase. The condition was relieved by the return of tryptophan to the diet.
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Flamm WG, Crandall DI. Purification of Mammalian Homogentisate Oxidase and Evidence for the Existence of Ferrous Mercaptans in the Active Center. J Biol Chem 1963. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Seegmiller J, Zannoni VG, Laster L, La Du BN. An Enzymatic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Homogentisic Acid in Plasma and Urine. J Biol Chem 1961. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Krebs HA, Kornberg HL, Burton K. A survey of the energy transformations in living matter. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1957. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02269485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pirrung J, Gottesman L, Crandall DI. THE METABOLISM OF p-METHOXYPHENYLALANINE AND p-METHOXYPHENYLPYRUVATE. J Biol Chem 1957. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)70609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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