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Pu LY, Li Z, Li L, Ma Y, Ma M, Hu S, Wu Z. Asymmetric Synthesis of (–)-Colchicine and Its Natural Analog (–)- N-Acetylcolchicine Methyl Ether. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202206034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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2
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Škubník J, Jurášek M, Ruml T, Rimpelová S. Mitotic Poisons in Research and Medicine. Molecules 2020; 25:E4632. [PMID: 33053667 PMCID: PMC7587177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the greatest challenges of the modern medicine. Although much effort has been made in the development of novel cancer therapeutics, it still remains one of the most common causes of human death in the world, mainly in low and middle-income countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer treatment services are not available in more then 70% of low-income countries (90% of high-income countries have them available), and also approximately 70% of cancer deaths are reported in low-income countries. Various approaches on how to combat cancer diseases have since been described, targeting cell division being among them. The so-called mitotic poisons are one of the cornerstones in cancer therapies. The idea that cancer cells usually divide almost uncontrolled and far more rapidly than normal cells have led us to think about such compounds that would take advantage of this difference and target the division of such cells. Many groups of such compounds with different modes of action have been reported so far. In this review article, the main approaches on how to target cancer cell mitosis are described, involving microtubule inhibition, targeting aurora and polo-like kinases and kinesins inhibition. The main representatives of all groups of compounds are discussed and attention has also been paid to the presence and future of the clinical use of these compounds as well as their novel derivatives, reviewing the finished and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Škubník
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (T.R.)
| | - Michal Jurášek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (T.R.)
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (T.R.)
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3
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Gracheva IA, Shchegravina ES, Schmalz HG, Beletskaya IP, Fedorov AY. Colchicine Alkaloids and Synthetic Analogues: Current Progress and Perspectives. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10618-10651. [PMID: 32432867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colchicine, the main alkaloid of Colchicum autumnale, is one of the most famous natural molecules. Although colchicine belongs to the oldest drugs (in use since 1500 BC), its pharmacological potential as a lead structure is not yet fully exploited. This review is devoted to the synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of colchicine alkaloids and their analogues with modified A, B, and C rings, as well as hybrid compounds derived from colchicinoids including prodrugs, conjugates, and delivery systems. The systematization of a vast amount of information presented to date will create a paradigm for future studies of colchicinoids for neoplastic and various other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia A Gracheva
- Department of Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina S Shchegravina
- Department of Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | | | - Irina P Beletskaya
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Yu Fedorov
- Department of Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
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4
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Knewtson K, Perera C, Hymel D, Gao Z, Lee MM, Peterson BR. Antibody-Drug Conjugate that Exhibits Synergistic Cytotoxicity with an Endosome-Disruptive Peptide. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12955-12968. [PMID: 31460422 PMCID: PMC6690568 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates are an important class of cancer therapeutics. These agents generally bind a specific cell surface receptor, undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis, and enter the endosomal-lysosomal system, where the environment in these organelles facilitates the release of a membrane-permeable cytotoxin. By using a membrane-impermeable cytotoxin, we describe here a method that allows the cytotoxicity of an antibody conjugate to be triggered by co-administration with an endosome-disruptive peptide that exhibits low toxicity. This approach was validated by conjugation of an anionic derivative of the tubulin-binding cytotoxin colchinol methyl ether to lysine residues of the HER2-targeting antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) via a disulfide. When this antibody binds HER2 on SKBR3 breast cancer cells and undergoes endocytosis, the membrane-impermeable cytotoxin is released, but it becomes trapped in endosomes, resulting in relatively low cytotoxicity (IC50 > 1 μM). However, co-administration with an essentially nontoxic (IC50 > 10 μM) cholesterol-linked endosome-disruptive peptide promotes the release of this small molecule into the cytoplasm, conferring subnanomolar cytotoxic potency (IC50 = 0.11 ± 0.07 nM). Studies of a structurally related fluorophore conjugate revealed that the endosome-disruptive peptide does not substantially enhance cleavage of the disulfide (t 1/2 = 8 ± 2 h) within endosomes, suggesting that the mechanism of endosomal escape involves the efflux of some small molecules without facilitating substantial influx of reduced glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey
E. Knewtson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Chamani Perera
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | | | | | | | - Blake R. Peterson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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5
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Yao YF, Wang ZC, Wu SY, Li QF, Yu C, Liang XY, Lv PC, Duan YT, Zhu HL. Identification of novel 1-indolyl acetate-5-nitroimidazole derivatives of combretastatin A-4 as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 137:10-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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6
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Rossington SB, Hadfield JA, Shnyder SD, Wallace TW, Williams KJ. Tubulin-binding dibenz[c,e]oxepines: Part 2. Structural variation and biological evaluation as tumour vasculature disrupting agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1630-1642. [PMID: 28143677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
5,7-Dihydro-3,9,10,11-tetramethoxybenz[c,e]oxepin-4-ol 1, prepared from a dibenzyl ether precursor via Pd-catalysed intramolecular direct arylation, possesses broad-spectrum in vitro cytotoxicity towards various tumour cell lines, and induces vascular shutdown, necrosis and growth delay in tumour xenografts in mice at sub-toxic doses. The biological properties of 1 and related compounds can be attributed to their ability to inhibit microtubule assembly at the micromolar level, by binding reversibly to the same site of the tubulin αβ-heterodimer as colchicine 2 and the allocolchinol, N-acetylcolchinol 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Rossington
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - John A Hadfield
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Steven D Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Timothy W Wallace
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Kaye J Williams
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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7
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Man RJ, Tang DJ, Lu XY, Duan YT, Tao XX, Yang MR, Wang LL, Wang BZ, Xu C, Zhu HL. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel indole derivatives containing sulfonamide scaffold as potential tubulin inhibitor. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00255b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-targeted drugs play a critical role in various types of cancer therapy worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Jun Man
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
- Guangxi University for Nationalities
| | - Dan-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Tao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
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8
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Yan J, Pang Y, Sheng J, Wang Y, Chen J, Hu J, Huang L, Li X. A novel synthetic compound exerts effective anti-tumour activity in vivo via the inhibition of tubulin polymerisation in A549 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Galli U, Travelli C, Aprile S, Arrigoni E, Torretta S, Grosa G, Massarotti A, Sorba G, Canonico PL, Genazzani AA, Tron GC. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Combretabenzodiazepines: A Novel Class of Anti-Tubulin Agents. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1345-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5016389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldina Galli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Arrigoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Torretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sorba
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Canonico
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
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10
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Porcù E, Sipos A, Basso G, Hamel E, Bai R, Stempfer V, Udvardy A, Bényei AC, Schmidhammer H, Antus S, Viola G. Novel 9'-substituted-noscapines: synthesis with Suzuki cross-coupling, structure elucidation and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:476-90. [PMID: 25050880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin is a major molecular target for anticancer drugs. The dynamic process of microtubule assembly and disassembly can be blocked by various agents that bind to distinct sites on tubulin, usually its β-subunit. Among the antimitotic agents that perturb microtubule dynamics, noscapinoids represent an emerging class of agents. In particular, 9'-bromonoscapine (EM011) has been identified as a potent noscapine analog. Here we present high yielding, efficient synthetic methods based on Suzuki coupling of 9'-alkyl and 9'-arylnoscapines and an evaluation of their antiproliferative properties. Our results showed that 9'-alkyl and 9'-aryl derivatives inhibit proliferation of human cancer cells. The most active compounds were the 9'-methyl and the 9'-phenyl derivatives, which showed similar cytotoxic potency in comparison to the 9'-brominated derivative. Interestingly these newly synthesized derivatives did not induce cell death in normal human lymphocytes, suggesting that the compounds may be selective against cancer cells. All of these derivatives, except 9'-(2-methoxyphenyl)-noscapine, efficiently induced a cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle in HeLa and Jurkat cells. Furthermore, we showed that the most active compounds in HeLa cells induced apoptosis following the mitochondrial pathway with the activation of both caspase-9 and caspase-3. In addition, these compounds significantly reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Porcù
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, Laboratory of Oncohematology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Attila Sipos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, Laboratory of Oncohematology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Verena Stempfer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antal Udvardy
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Cs Bényei
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Helmut Schmidhammer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sándor Antus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, Laboratory of Oncohematology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy.
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11
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Sarkar T, Nguyen TL, Su ZW, Hao J, Bai R, Gussio R, Qiu SX, Hamel E. Interaction of pseudolaric acid B with the colchicine site of tubulin. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:444-50. [PMID: 22634405 PMCID: PMC3402633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We purified pseudolaric acid B (PAB) from the root and stem bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi (Lindl.) Gorden. Confirming previous findings, we found that the compound had high nanomolar IC₅₀ antiproliferative effects in several cultured cell lines, causing mitotic arrest and the disappearance of intracellular microtubules. PAB strongly inhibited tubulin assembly (IC₅₀, 1.1 μM) but weakly inhibited the binding of colchicine to tubulin, as demonstrated by fluorescence and with [³H]colchicine. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that the mechanism of inhibition was competitive, with an apparent K(i) of 12-15 μM. Indirect studies demonstrated that PAB bound rapidly to tubulin and dissociated more rapidly from tubulin than the colchicine analog 2-methoxy-5-(2',3',4'-trimethoxyphenyl)tropone, whose complex with tubulin is known to have a half-life of 17s at 37 °C. We modeled PAB into the colchicine site of tubulin, using the crystal structure 1SA0 that contains two αβ-tubulin heterodimers, both bound to a colchicinoid and to a stathmin fragment. The binding model of PAB revealed common pharmacophoric features between PAB and colchicinoids, not readily apparent from their chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taradas Sarkar
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
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12
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Nguyen TL, Cera MR, Pinto A, Presti LL, Hamel E, Conti P, Gussio R, De Wulf P. Evading Pgp activity in drug-resistant cancer cells: a structural and functional study of antitubulin furan metotica compounds. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:1103-11. [PMID: 22442310 PMCID: PMC3349764 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor resistance to antitubulin drugs resulting from P-glycoprotein (Pgp) drug-efflux activity, increased expression of the βIII tubulin isotype, and alterations in the drug-binding sites are major obstacles in cancer therapy. Consequently, novel antitubulin drugs that overcome these challenges are of substantial interest. Here, we study a novel chemotype named furan metotica that localizes to the colchicine-binding site in β-tubulin, inhibits tubulin polymerization, and is not antagonized by Pgp. To elucidate the structure-activity properties of this chiral chemotype, the enantiomers of its most potent member were separated and their absolute configurations determined by X-ray crystallography. Both isomers were active and inhibited all 60 primary cancer cell lines tested at the U.S. National Cancer Institute. They also efficiently killed drug-resistant cancer cells that overexpressed the Pgp drug-efflux pump 10(6)-fold. In vitro, the R-isomer inhibited tubulin polymerization at least 4-fold more potently than the S-isomer, whereas in human cells the difference was 30-fold. Molecular modeling showed that the two isomers bind to β-tubulin in distinct manners: the R-isomer binds in a colchicine-like mode and the S-isomer in a podophyllotoxin-like fashion. In addition, the dynamic binding trajectory and occupancy state of the R-isomer were energetically more favorable then those of the S-isomer, explaining the observed differences in biologic activities. The ability of a racemic drug to assume the binding modes of two prototypical colchicine-site binders represents a novel mechanistic basis for antitubulin activity and paves the way toward a comprehensive design of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Luong Nguyen
- Target Structure-Based Drug Discovery Group, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick (MD), USA
| | - Maria Rosaria Cera
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “Pietro Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Elettrochimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick (MD), USA
| | - Paola Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “Pietro Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rick Gussio
- Information Technology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick (MD), USA
| | - Peter De Wulf
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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13
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Pettit GR, Rosenberg HJ, Dixon R, Knight JC, Hamel E, Chapuis JC, Pettit RK, Hogan F, Sumner B, Ain KB, Trickey-Platt B. Antineoplastic agents. 548. Synthesis of iodo- and diiodocombstatin phosphate prodrugs. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:385-93. [PMID: 22324723 PMCID: PMC3313684 DOI: 10.1021/np200797x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Toward the objective of designing a structurally modified analogue of the combretastatin A-4 phosphate prodrug (1b) with the potential for increased specificity toward thyroid carcinoma, synthesis of a series of iodocombstatin phosphate (11a-h) and diiodocombstatin phosphate prodrugs (12a-h) has been accomplished. The diiodo series was obtained via 8a and 9c from condensation of 4 and 6, and the iodo sequence involved a parallel pathway. Both series of iodocombstatins were found to display significant to powerful inhibition of the growth of a panel of human cancer cell lines and of the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line. Of the diiodo series, 12a was also found to markedly inhibit growth of pediatric neuroblastoma, and monoiodocombstatin 9a strongly inhibited HUVEC growth. Overall, the strongest activity was found against the breast, CNS, leukemia, lung, and prostate cancer cell lines and the least activity against the pancreas and colon lines. Parallel biological investigations of tubulin interaction, antiangiogenesis, and antimicrobial effects were also conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Pettit
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States.
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14
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Flynn BL, Gill GS, Grobelny DW, Chaplin JH, Paul D, Leske AF, Lavranos TC, Chalmers DK, Charman SA, Kostewicz E, Shackleford DM, Morizzi J, Hamel E, Jung MK, Kremmidiotis G. Discovery of 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)benzo[b]furan (BNC105), a tubulin polymerization inhibitor with potent antiproliferative and tumor vascular disrupting properties. J Med Chem 2011; 54:6014-27. [PMID: 21774499 PMCID: PMC3172808 DOI: 10.1021/jm200454y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A structure-activity relationship (SAR) guided design of novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors has resulted in a series of benzo[b]furans with exceptional potency toward cancer cells and activated endothelial cells. The potency of early lead compounds has been substantially improved through the synergistic effect of introducing a conformational bias and additional hydrogen bond donor to the pharmacophore. Screening of a focused library of potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors for selectivity against cancer cells and activated endothelial cells over quiescent endothelial cells has afforded 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)benzo[b]furan (BNC105, 8) as a potent and selective antiproliferative. Because of poor solubility, 8 is administered as its disodium phosphate ester prodrug 9 (BNC105P), which is rapidly cleaved in vivo to return the active 8. 9 exhibits both superior vascular disrupting and tumor growth inhibitory properties compared with the benchmark agent combretastatin A-4 disodium phosphate 5 (CA4P).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard L Flynn
- Bionomics Ltd., 31 Dalgleish Street, Thebarton, South Australia, 5031, Australia.
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15
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Jain N, Yada D, Shaik TB, Vasantha G, Reddy PS, Kalivendi SV, Sreedhar B. Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Nitrovinyl Biphenyls: Anticancer Agents Based on Allocolchicines. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:859-68. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Risinger AL, Westbrook CD, Encinas A, Mülbaier M, Schultes CM, Wawro S, Lewis JD, Janssen B, Giles FJ, Mooberry SL. ELR510444, a novel microtubule disruptor with multiple mechanisms of action. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:652-60. [PMID: 21148249 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.175331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several microtubule-targeting drugs are in clinical use, there remains a need to identify novel agents that can overcome the limitations of current therapies, including acquired and innate drug resistance and undesired side effects. In this study, we show that ELR510444 has potent microtubule-disrupting activity, causing a loss of cellular microtubules and the formation of aberrant mitotic spindles and leading to mitotic arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells. ELR510444 potently inhibited cell proliferation with an IC(50) value of 30.9 nM in MDA-MB-231 cells, inhibited the rate and extent of purified tubulin assembly, and displaced colchicine from tubulin, indicating that the drug directly interacts with tubulin at the colchicine-binding site. ELR510444 is not a substrate for the P-glycoprotein drug transporter and retains activity in βIII-tubulin-overexpressing cell lines, suggesting that it circumvents both clinically relevant mechanisms of drug resistance to this class of agents. Our data show a close correlation between the concentration of ELR510444 required for inhibition of cellular proliferation and that required to cause significant loss of cellular microtubule density, consistent with its activity as a microtubule depolymerizer. ELR510444 also shows potent antitumor activity in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model with at least a 2-fold therapeutic window. Studies in tumor endothelial cells show that a low concentration of ELR510444 (30 nM) rapidly alters endothelial cell shape, similar to the effect of the vascular disrupting agent combretastatin A4. These results suggest that ELR510444 is a novel microtubule-disrupting agent with potential antivascular effects and in vivo antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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17
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Screpanti E, Santaguida S, Nguyen T, Silvestri R, Gussio R, Musacchio A, Hamel E, De Wulf P. A screen for kinetochore-microtubule interaction inhibitors identifies novel antitubulin compounds. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11603. [PMID: 20657644 PMCID: PMC2904697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein assemblies named kinetochores bind sister chromatids to the mitotic spindle and orchestrate sister chromatid segregation. Interference with kinetochore activity triggers a spindle checkpoint mediated arrest in mitosis, which frequently ends in cell death. We set out to identify small compounds that inhibit kinetochore-microtubule binding for use in kinetochore-spindle interaction studies and to develop them into novel anticancer drugs. Methodology/Principal Findings A fluorescence microscopy-based in vitro assay was developed to screen compound libraries for molecules that prevented the binding of a recombinant human Ndc80 kinetochore complex to taxol-stabilized microtubules. An active compound was identified that acted at the microtubule level. More specifically, by localizing to the colchicine-binding site in αβ-tubulin the hit compound prevented the Ndc80 complex from binding to the microtubule surface. Next, structure-activity analyses distinguished active regions in the compound and led to the identification of highly potent analogs that killed cancer cells with an efficacy equaling that of established spindle drugs. Conclusions/Significance The compound identified in our screen and its subsequently identified analogs represent new antitubulin chemotypes that can be synthetically developed into a novel class of antimitotic spindle drugs. In addition, they are stereochemically unique as their R- and S-isomers mimic binding of colchicine and podophyllotoxin, respectively, two antitubulin drugs that interact differently with the tubulin interface. Model-driven manipulation of our compounds promises to advance insight into how antitubulin drugs act upon tubulin. These advances in turn may lead to tailor-made colchicine site agents which would be valuable new assets to fight a variety of tumors, including those that have become resistant to the (antispindle) drugs used today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Screpanti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Santaguida
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Tam Nguyen
- Information Technology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Technologies, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Rick Gussio
- Information Technology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter De Wulf
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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18
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Bartusik D, Tomanek B, Lattová E, Perreault H, Tuszynski J, Fallone G. Derivatives of thiocolchicine and its applications to CEM cells treatment using 19F Magnetic Resonance ex vivo. Bioorg Chem 2010; 38:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Joncour A, Liu JM, Décor A, Thoret S, Wdzieczak-Bakala J, Bignon J, Baudoin O. Synthesis of Anti-Microtubule Biaryls and Preliminary Evaluation as Vascular-Disrupting Agents. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:1731-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Boyé O, Getahun Z, Grover S, Hamel E, Brossi A. Synthesis of 14C labelled electrophilic ligands of the colchicine binding site of tubulin: Chloroacetates of demethylthiocolchicines and of N-acetylcolchinol; isothiocyanate of 9-deoxy-N-acetylcolchinol. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580330407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Bergemann S, Brecht R, Büttner F, Guénard D, Gust R, Seitz G, Stubbs MT, Thoret S. Novel B-ring modified allocolchicinoids of the NCME series: design, synthesis, antimicrotubule activity and cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1269-81. [PMID: 12628654 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two new series of allocolchicinoids mimicking the structure of (-)-N-acetylcolchinol O-methyl ether (2, NCME) were synthesized and evaluated for their abilities to inhibit tubulin assembly. Possible antitumor properties resulting thereof were evaluated in vitro on the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The first series of NCME-derivatives was brought about by extending the seven membered B-ring to novel semisynthetic variations with a nitrogen containing eight-membered B-ring similar, for example, to the artificial, potent steganacin aza-analogue 3. In the second series the seven-membered B-ring of NCME (2) was modified by annulation with a heterocyclic ring system. The racemic ketone 7a serving as key precursor involved in the syntheses of all the target NCME variants 9-13 and 15, 16 was easily transformed into the eight-membered B-ring lactams 9 and 10 via a Beckmann rearrangement of the corresponding E-oxime 8. The tetrazole annulated congener 11 was prepared via azidotrimethylsilane-mediated Schmidt rearrangement. Treatment of educt 7a with Bredereck's reagent led to the enamino ketone 14, which was easily converted into the pyrazole- or pyrimidine-annulated allocolchicinoids 15 and 16. Remarkably, all the allocolchicinoids 9-13 with an azocin-B-ring affected the tubulin/microtubule equilibrium only moderately. In contrast, the novel heterocycle annulated seven membered B-ring variants 15 and 16 proved to be highly potent tubulin-inhibitory, antimitotic agents. Interaction with tubulin occured at concentrations similar to those observed for colchicine (1) or the lead NCME (2). In all cases the antiproliferative effects correlated roughly with the inhibition of tubulin assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Bergemann
- Institut für Pharmazie I der Freien Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2 u. 4, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Han S, Hamel E, Bastow KF, McPhail AT, Brossi A, Lee KH. Antitumor agents. Part 215: antitubulin effects of cytotoxic B-ring modified allocolchicinoids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 12:2851-3. [PMID: 12270161 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetylcolchinol methyl ether 1 served as the starting material to prepare the chloroacetamide (3) and epoxide (5) analogues. Both 3 and 5 were potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization in vitro. Compound 3 was also 4-fold more cytotoxic than colchicine against the 1A9 tumor cell line and showed a unique cross-resistance profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Han
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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23
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Bai R, Covell DG, Pei XF, Ewell JB, Nguyen NY, Brossi A, Hamel E. Mapping the binding site of colchicinoids on beta -tubulin. 2-Chloroacetyl-2-demethylthiocolchicine covalently reacts predominantly with cysteine 239 and secondarily with cysteine 354. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:40443-52. [PMID: 11005811 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m005299200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Chloroacetyl-2-demethylthiocolchicine (2CTC) and 3-chloroacetyl-3-demethylthiocolchicine (3CTC) resemble colchicine in binding to tubulin and react covalently with beta-tubulin, forming adducts with cysteine residues 239 and 354. The adducts at Cys-239 are less stable than those at Cys-354 during formic acid digestion. Extrapolating to zero time, the Cys-239 to Cys-354 adduct ratio is 77:23 for 2CTC and 27:73 for 3CTC. Using energy minimization modeling to dock colchicinoids into the electron crystallographic model of beta-tubulin in protofilaments (Nogales, E. , Wolf, S. G., and Downing, K. H. (1998) Nature 391, 199-203), we found two potential binding sites. At one, entirely encompassed within beta-tubulin, the C2- and C3-oxygen atoms of 2CTC and 3CTC overlapped poorly with those of colchicine and thiocolchicine, but distances from the reactive carbon atoms of the analogs to the sulfur atoms of the cysteine residues were qualitatively consistent with reactivity. The other potential binding site was located at the alpha/beta interface. Here, the oxygen atoms of the analogs overlapped well with those of colchicine, but relative distances of the reactive carbons to the cysteine sulfur atoms did not correlate with the observed reactivity. A significant conformational change must occur in the colchicine binding site of tubulin in the transition from the unpolymerized to the polymerized state.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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24
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Verdier-Pinard P, Wang Z, Mohanakrishnan AK, Cushman M, Hamel E. A steroid derivative with paclitaxel-like effects on tubulin polymerization. Mol Pharmacol 2000; 57:568-75. [PMID: 10692498 DOI: 10.1124/mol.57.3.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous estrogen metabolite 2-methoxyestradiol has modest antimitotic activity that may result from a weak interaction at the colchicine binding site of tubulin, but it nevertheless has in vivo antitumor activity. Synthetic efforts to improve activity led to compounds that increased inhibitory effects on cell growth, tubulin polymerization, and binding of colchicine to tubulin. This earlier work was directed at modifications in the steroid A ring, which is probably analogous to the colchicine tropolonic C ring. One of the most active analogs prepared was 2-ethoxyestradiol (2EE). We report here that different modifications in the steroid B ring of 2EE yield compounds with two apparently distinct modes of action. Simple expansion of the B ring to seven members resulted in a compound comparable to 2EE in its ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization and colchicine binding to tubulin. Acetylation of the hydroxyl groups in this analog and in 2EE essentially abolished these inhibitory properties. The introduction of a ketone functionality at C6, together with acetylation of the hydroxyls at positions 3 and 17, produced a compound with activity similar to that of paclitaxel, in that the agent enhanced tubulin polymerization into polymers that were partially stable at 0 degrees C. The acetyl group at C17, but not that at C3, was essential for this paclitaxel-like activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Verdier-Pinard
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery Research, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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25
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Verdier-Pinard P, Sitachitta N, Rossi JV, Sackett DL, Gerwick WH, Hamel E. Biosynthesis of radiolabeled curacin A and its rapid and apparently irreversible binding to the colchicine site of tubulin. Arch Biochem Biophys 1999; 370:51-8. [PMID: 10496976 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1999.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Curacin A is a potent competitive inhibitor of colchicine binding to tubulin, and it inhibits the growth of tumor cells. We prepared [(14)C]curacin A biosynthetically to investigate its interaction with tubulin. Binding was rapid, even at 0 degrees C, with a minimum k(f) of 4.4 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1). We were unable to demonstrate any dissociation of the [(14)C]curacin A from tubulin. Consistent with these observations, the K(a) value was so high that an accurate determination by Scatchard analysis was not possible. The [(14)C]curacin A was released from tubulin following urea treatment, indicating that covalent bond formation does not occur. We concluded that curacin A binds more tightly to tubulin than does colchicine. Besides high-affinity binding to the colchicine site, we observed significant superstoichiometric amounts of the [(14)C]curacin A bound to tubulin, and Scatchard analysis confirmed the presence of two binding sites of relatively low affinity with a K(a) of 3.2 x 10(-5) M(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Verdier-Pinard
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
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26
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Pérez-Ramírez B, Gorbunoff MJ, Timasheff SN. Linkages in tubulin-colchicine functions: the role of the ring C (C') oxygens and ring B in the controls. Biochemistry 1998; 37:1646-61. [PMID: 9484236 DOI: 10.1021/bi971344d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Linkages between structural components of colchicine (COL) and its biphenyl analogues (allocolchicine, ALLO, and its analogues) in the binding to tubulin and its functional consequences were scrutinized. Three ring ALLO analogues with the carbomethoxyl in position 4' of ring C' replaced by a carbomethyl (KAC) and methoxy (MAC) groups were synthesized. The binding properties and consequences of binding (microtubule inhibition, abnormal polymerization, and induction of GTPase activity) were compared within the series of three ring and two ring compounds, as well as between pairs consisting of a two ring and a three ring compound with identical groups in position 4'. Binding measurements showed that the binding of KAC to the COL binding site proceeded with similar chemical characteristics as that of its two ring analogue (TKB), but with the kinetic characteristics of ALLO. The binding constant of KAC was found to be 1.9 x 10(6) M-1 and that of MAC was 4.6 x 10(5) M-1. The binding strength of the three ring analogues in descending order was KAC > ALLO > MAC, with increments similar to the biphenyl compounds, TKB > TCB > TMB. The difference in binding affinities between the pairs of three ring and two ring molecules was invariant (delta delta G degree = -1.3 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol-1), showing that in all cases ring B makes only an entropic contribution by suppressing free rotation about the biaryl bond. In the case of microtubule inhibition, all three ring compounds inhibited strongly with similar potencies, even though the spread in inhibition strength between the corresponding two ring molecules was > 3.3 kcal mol-1 of free energy. This difference was interpreted in terms of the ability of the various molecules to maintain tubulin in the proper conformation for binding in abnormal geometry to the growth end of a microtubule. This ability attains a maximal plateau value for three ring compounds, independently of the oxygen-containing group in ring C' (or C) and is maintained for the methyl ketone whether in a two or three ring compound. The induction of the GTPase activity was found to follow in general the binding affinity, with the exception that molecules that contained a methyl ketone were stronger GTPase inducers than expected from their alignment according to binding affinity. The finding that the binding of tropolone methyl ether (ring C of COL) induced a GTPase activity shows that ring C contains the ability to induce both substoichiometric microtubule inhibition and GTPase activity. Rings A and B act only as anchors in the binding, with ring A making an energetic contribution, while the effect of ring B is only entropic. It was concluded that both microtubule assembly inhibition and induction of GTPase activity were modulated by the same postbinding conformational change in tubulin. The difference between the strengths of these activities induced by ligands reflects the difference between a narrow allosteric effect between two well-defined sites in the case of GTPase activity and a broad effect aimed at the multiple sites involved in the incorporation of a tubulin protomer into the microtubule structure. Thus, there seems to be a loose thermodynamic linkage between binding and GTPase activity, while there is none between binding and microtubule inhibition, the two phenomena being linked only kinetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pérez-Ramírez
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254-9110, USA
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27
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Shi Q, Chen K, Brossi A, Verdier-Pinard P, Hamel E, McPhail AT, Lee KH. Antitumor Agents. Part 184. Syntheses and antitubulin activity of compounds derived from reaction of thiocolchicone with amines: Lactams, alcohols, and ester analogs of allothiocolchicinoids. Helv Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19980810516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Verdier-Pinard P, Lai JY, Yoo HD, Yu J, Marquez B, Nagle DG, Nambu M, White JD, Falck JR, Gerwick WH, Day BW, Hamel E. Structure-activity analysis of the interaction of curacin A, the potent colchicine site antimitotic agent, with tubulin and effects of analogs on the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol 1998; 53:62-76. [PMID: 9443933 DOI: 10.1124/mol.53.1.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Originally purified as a major lipid component of a strain of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula isolated in Curaçao, curacin A is a potent inhibitor of cell growth and mitosis, binding rapidly and tightly at the colchicine site of tubulin. Because its molecular structure differs so greatly from that of colchicine and other colchicine site inhibitors, we prepared a series of curacin A analogs to determine the important structural features of the molecule. These modifications include reduction and E-to-Z transitions of the olefinic bonds in the 14-carbon side chain of the molecule; disruption of and configurational changes in the cyclopropyl moiety; disruption, oxidation, and configurational reversal in the thiazoline moiety; configurational reversal and substituent modifications at C13; and demethylation at C10. Inhibitory effects on tubulin assembly, the binding of colchicine to tubulin, and the growth of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells were examined. The most important portions of curacin A required for its interaction with tubulin seem to be the thiazoline ring and the side chain at least through C4, the portion of the side chain including the C9-C10 olefinic bond, and the C10 methyl group. Only two modifications totally eliminated the tubulin-drug interaction. The inactive compounds were a segment containing most of the side chain, including its two substituents, and analogs in which the methyl group at the C13 oxygen atom was replaced by a benzoate residue. Antiproliferative activity comparable with that observed with curacin A was only reproduced in compounds that were potent inhibitors of the binding of colchicine to tubulin. Molecular modeling and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies demonstrated that most active analogs overlapped extensively with curacin A but failed to provide an explanation for the apparent structural analogy between curacin A and colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Verdier-Pinard
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery Research and Development, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702, USA
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29
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Shi Q, Verdier-Pinard P, Brossi A, Hamel E, Lee KH. Antitumor agents--CLXXV. Anti-tubulin action of (+)-thiocolchicine prepared by partial synthesis. Bioorg Med Chem 1997; 5:2277-82. [PMID: 9459025 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(97)00171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
(+)-Thiocolchicine (2b) was prepared from (+/-)-colchicine (1) in a five-step reaction sequence that included chromatographic separation of appropriate camphanylated diastereomers. Acid hydrolysis of the (+)-diastereomer, followed by acetylation, yielded the desired product 2b. (+)-Thiocolchicine has 15-fold lower inhibitory activity against tubulin polymerization than (-)-thiocolchicine, and is 29-fold less potent for inhibiting growth of human Burkitt lymphoma cells. The enantiomer 2a, prepared from the (-)-camphanylated diastereomer, had potent activity in all assays comparable to that of (-)-thiocolchicine prepared by other methods. These results support the hypothesis that the proper configuration of colchicine-related compounds is an important requirement for their anti-tubulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Shi
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599, USA
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30
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Brecht R, Haenel F, Seitz G. Dihydrocolchicine 8,12-Endoperoxide: A Novel Starting Material for Convenient Syntheses of the AllocolchicinoidsN-AcetylcolchinolO-Methyl Ether and Androbiphenyline. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199719971115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Chakrabarti G, Sengupta S, Bhattacharyya B. Thermodynamics of colchicinoid-tubulin interactions. Rrol of B-ring and C-7 substituent. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:2897-901. [PMID: 8621677 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.6.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The quenching of tryptophan fluorescence has been used to determine the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of binding of B-ring analogs of colchicine to tubulin. The on rate, activation energy, off-rate, and thermodynamics of binding reaction have been found to be controlled at different points of analog structure. The on-rate and off-rate of deacetamidocolchicine (DAAC) binding with tubulin is 17 times slower than that of 2-methoxy-5-(2',3',4'-trimethoxyphenyl)tropone-tubulin (AC-tubulin) interaction, although both reactions have very similar activation energies. The presence of B-ring alone does not significantly affect the thermodynamics of the binding reactions either, since both AC-tubulin and DAAC-tubulin interactions are enthalpy driven. Introduction of a NH2 group at C-7 position of the B-ring, as in deacetylcolchicine (NH2-DAAC) lowers the on-rate further with a significant rise in the value of the activation energy. However, bulkier substitutions at the same position, as in demecolcine (NHMe-DAAC) and N-methyldemecolcine (NMe2-DAAC) have no significant additional effect either on the on-rate or on the value of activation energy. Introduction of NH2 group in the C-7 position of B-ring also increases the positive entropy of the binding reaction to a significant extent, and it is maximum when NMe2 is substituted instead of NH2 group. Thus, interaction of NH2-DAAC, NHMe-DAAC, and NMe2-DAAC with tubulin are entropy driven. Our results suggest that the B-ring side chain of aminocolchicinoids makes contact(s) with dimeric tubulin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Centenary Building, Calcutta 700 054, India
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32
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Hamel E, Lin CM, Plowman J, Wang HK, Lee KH, Paull KD. Antitumor 2,3-dihydro-2-(aryl)-4(1H)-quinazolinone derivatives. Interactions with tubulin. Biochem Pharmacol 1996; 51:53-9. [PMID: 8534268 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(95)02156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of derivatives of 2,3-dihydro-2-(aryl)-4(1H)-quinazolinone (DHQZ) with known antitumor activity was re-evaluated in the National Cancer Institute cancer cell line screen. Analysis by the COMPARE algorithm suggested that their cytotoxicity derived from interactions with tubulin. Significant inhibition of tubulin assembly and of the binding of radiolabeled colchicine to tubulin was demonstrated with several of the compounds, particularly NSC 145669, 175635, and 175636. The DHQZ derivatives are structurally analogous to a number of antimitotic agents, flavonols and derivatives of 2-styrylquinazolin-4(3H)-one and of 2-phenyl-4-quinolone. Structure-activity analogies between these agents, the combretastatins, and the colchicinoids were analyzed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hamel
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Intitutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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33
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Pyles EA, Hastie SB. Effect of the B ring and the C-7 substituent on the kinetics of colchicinoid-tubulin associations. Biochemistry 1993; 32:2329-36. [PMID: 8443174 DOI: 10.1021/bi00060a026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of four B-ring derivatives of colchicine binding to tubulin has been examined quantitatively. The bindings of deacetamidocolchicine, deacetylcolchicine, demecolcine, and N-methyl-demecolcine to tubulin were biphasic processes. The association rate constants were determined as a function of temperature, and the thermodynamic parameters for the transition states of the fast phase were calculated. The kinetic parameters for the formation of the deacetylcolchicine-tubulin, demecolcine-tubulin, and N-methyldemecolcine-tubulin complexes were very similar to each other, but different from the parameters for the colchicine-tubulin association. In particular, the global activation enthalpies for the formation of the three aminocolchicinoid-tubulin complexes were 3-5 kcal/mol greater than the global activation enthalpy of colchicine binding to tubulin. These results indicate that electronic rather than steric properties of the B-ring substituent are of greater importance in the activation enthalpy of colchicinoids binding to tubulin. In contrast, the global activation enthalpy for deacetamidocolchicine, which lacks a substituent on the C-7 carbon, binding to tubulin was virtually identical to the global activation enthalpy previously found for the colchicine analog that lacks the B ring, 2-methoxy-5-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)tropone, binding to tubulin (Bane, S., Puett, D., Macdonald, T. L., & Williams, R. C., Jr. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 7391-7398). This result demonstrates that the carbons of the B ring are not involved in the transition state for the formation of colchicinoid-tubulin complexes. The first-order dissociation rate constants of the colchicinoid-tubulin complexes were determined at 37 degrees C. The dissociation profiles of the colchicinoid-tubulin complexes also consisted of two phases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Pyles
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Binghamton 13902-6000
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Grover S, Boyé O, Getahun Z, Brossi A, Hamel E. Chloroacetates of 2- and 3-demethylthiocolchicine: specific covalent interactions with tubulin with preferential labeling of the beta-subunit. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 187:1350-8. [PMID: 1417811 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)90451-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized two chemically reactive A ring modified analogs of colchicine, 2-chloroacetyl-2-demethylthiocolchicine (2-CTC) and 3-chloroacetyl-3-demethylthiocolchicine (3-CTC). Both are similar to colchicine as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and act as competitive inhibitors of colchicine binding (apparent Ki values, 3 microM). [14C]-labeled 2-CTC and 3-CTC bound to tubulin at 37 degrees C but not at 0 degree C, and bound drug formed covalent bond(s) with tubulin. The binding and covalent reactions were inhibited by podophyllotoxin. About 60% of the bound 3-CTC rapidly formed a covalent bond with tubulin. With 2-CTC the covalent reaction was slower than the binding reaction, and only one-third of the bound 2-CTC reacted covalently with tubulin. The ratio of radiolabel in beta-tubulin to that in alpha-tubulin was about 4:1 with both 2-CTC and 3-CTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grover
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Bai R, Friedman SJ, Pettit GR, Hamel E. Dolastatin 15, a potent antimitotic depsipeptide derived from Dolabella auricularia. Interaction with tubulin and effects of cellular microtubules. Biochem Pharmacol 1992; 43:2637-45. [PMID: 1632820 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(92)90153-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dolastatin 15, a seven-subunit depsipeptide derived from Dolabella auricularia, is a potent antimitotic agent structurally related to the antitubulin agent dolastatin 10, a five-subunit peptide obtained from the same organism. We have compared dolastatin 15 with dolastatin 10 for its effects on cells grown in culture and on biochemical properties of tubulin. The IC50 values for cell growth were obtained for dolastatin 15 with L1210 murine leukemia cells, human Burkitt lymphoma cells, and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (3, 3, and 5 nM with the three cell lines, respectively). For dolastatin 10, IC50 values of 0.4 and 0.5 nM were obtained with the L1210 and CHO cells, respectively. At toxic concentrations dolastatin 15 caused the leukemia and lymphoma cells to arrest in mitosis. In the CHO cells both dolastatin 15 and dolastatin 10 caused moderate loss of microtubules at the IC50 values and complete disappearance of microtubules at concentrations 10-fold higher. Despite its potency and the loss of microtubules in treated cells, the interaction of dolastatin 15 with tubulin in vitro was weak. Its IC50 value for inhibition of glutamate-induced polymerization of tubulin was 23 microM, as compared to values of 1.2 microM for dolastatin 10 and 1.5 microM for vinblastine. Dolastatin 10 noncompetitively inhibits the binding of vincristine to tubulin, inhibits nucleotide exchange, stabilizes the colchicine binding activity of tubulin, and inhibits tubulin-dependent GTP hydrolysis (Bai et al., Biochem Pharmacol 39: 1941-1949, 1990; Bai et al. J Biol Chem 265: 17141-17149, 1990). Only the latter reaction was inhibited by dolastatin 15. Nevertheless, its structural similarity to dolastatin 10 indicates that dolastatin 15 may bind weakly in the "vinca domain" of tubulin (a region of the protein we postulate to be physically close to but not identical with the specific binding site of vinca alkaloids and maytansinoids), presumably in the same site as dolastatin 10 (the "peptide site").
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Boyé O, Brossi A. Chapter 3 Tropolonic Colchicum Alkaloids and Allo Congeners. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Abstract
Colchicine exerts its biological effects through binding to the soluble tubulin heterodimer, the major component of the microtubule. The colchicine-binding abilities of tubulins from a variety of sources are summarized, and the mechanism of colchicine binding to brain tubulin is explored in depth. The relationship between colchicinoid structure and tubulin binding activity provides insight into the structural features of colchicine responsible for high affinity binding to tubulin and is reviewed for analogs in the colchicine series. The thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the association are described and evaluated in terms of the binding mechanism. Colchicine binding to tubulin results in unusual alterations in the low energy electronic spectra of colchicine. The spectroscopic features of colchicine bound to tubulin are discussed in terms of the nature of the colchicine-tubulin complex. Attempts to locate the high affinity colchicine binding site on tubulin are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Hastie
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Binghamton 13902-6000
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