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Orosz F, Vértessy BG. What's in a name? From "fluctuation fit" to "conformational selection": rediscovery of a concept. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 43:88. [PMID: 34244885 PMCID: PMC8270835 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-021-00442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rediscoveries are not rare in biology. A recent example is the re-birth of the "fluctuation fit" concept developed by F. B. Straub and G. Szabolcsi in the sixties of the last century, under various names, the most popular of which is the "conformational selection". This theory offers an alternative to the "induced fit" concept by Koshland for the interpretation of the mechanism of protein-ligand interactions. A central question is whether the ligand induces a conformational change (as described by the induced fit model) or rather selects and stabilizes a complementary conformation from a pre-existing equilibrium of various states of the protein (according to the fluctuation fit/conformational selection model). Straub and Szabolcsi's role and the factors hindering the spread of the fluctuation fit theory are discussed in the context of the history of the Hungarian biology in the 1950s and 1960s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Orosz
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - Beáta G. Vértessy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, 1111 Hungary
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Prebble JN. Contrasting approaches to a biological problem: paul boyer, peter mitchell and the mechanism of the ATP synthase, 1961-1985. JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY 2013; 46:699-737. [PMID: 23104597 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-012-9343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Attempts to solve the puzzling problem of oxidative phosphorylation led to four very different hypotheses each of which suggested a different view of the ATP synthase, the phosphorylating enzyme. During the 1960s and 1970s evidence began to accumulate which rendered Peter Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis, the novel part of which was the proton translocating ATP synthase (ATPase), a plausible explanation. The conformational hypothesis of Paul Boyer implied an enzyme where ATP synthesis was driven by the energy of conformational changes in the respiratory proteins. This was finally abandoned as an explanation of the overall process. Nevertheless the conformational understanding of the enzyme became an acceptable proposal during the early 1970s and eventually led Boyer to a view of the enzyme that incorporated both hypotheses. The correspondence between Mitchell and Boyer, both Nobel laureates, exposes their different approaches to both this enzyme and to the hypotheses of oxidative phosphorylation and illuminates a key step in the development of bioenergetics. In particular Boyer was suspicious of proton gradients, because he could not envisage a chemical mechanism for the synthesis of ATP, while Mitchell distrusted conformational arguments because he believed the proton must act vectorially at the active site of the enzyme. This resulted in two different views of the mechanisms operating in this enzyme. Ultimately while Boyer was able to marry the two approaches, Mitchell retained his insistence on the role of the proton at the active site and was thus unable to give significance to Boyer's conformational ideas. The underlying issues in this debate are discussed particularly with reference to the differing styles of Boyer and Mitchell and the influence of molecular biology, especially the development of protein technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Prebble
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK,
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Boyer
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570, USA.
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MITCHELL ROBERTA. Enzyme-Catalyzed Oxygen Exchange Reactions and Their Implications for Energy Coupling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152513-2.50012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Stack R, Scharf S, Ohlrogge JB, Criddle RS. An acyl-thioesterase from yeast mitochondria. Arch Biochem Biophys 1983; 225:704-12. [PMID: 6137997 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(83)90081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A previously unstudied acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase activity has been demonstrated in submitochondrial particles from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The preferred substrate for the enzyme activity is oleoyl-coenzyme A. Tests with inhibitors of the thioesterase showed that, in addition to common thiol inhibitors, the oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors oligomycin and venturicidin also blocked thioesterase activity. Purification of the enzyme catalyzing this activity revealed that thioesterase copurified with mitochondrial ATPase. When thioesterase was isolated from oxidative phosphorylation mutants selected for resistance to these two inhibitors, thioesterase activity was also resistant. The results suggest that thioester hydrolysis may be catalyzed by components associated with the isolated ATPase complex. Further attempts to link this activity to in vivo function of ATPase were not successful.
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Le Quoc D, Le Quoc K, Gaudemer Y. Energy-dependent variation of thiol groups reactivity or accessibility in rat liver mitochondria, revealed by measurements of labelled thiol reagents incorporation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1976; 68:106-13. [PMID: 1247448 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(76)90016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cross RL, Boyer PD. The rapid labeling of adenosine triphosphate by 32P-labeled inorganic phosphate and the exchange of phosphate oxygens as related to conformational coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. Biochemistry 1975; 14:392-8. [PMID: 1168064 DOI: 10.1021/bi00673a028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is presented that extends and amplifies the concept that in oxidative phosphorylation energy input serves to bring about release of ATP formed at a catalytic site by reversal of hydrolysis. The evidence with beef heart submitochondrial particles includes additional demonstration of uncoupler insensitive Pi leads to HOH exhchange, demonstration that this exchange is sensitive to the specific phosphorylation inhibitor, oligomycin, and demonstration that the small burst of uncoupler-insensitive ATP, rapidly labeled after addition of a tracer of 32Pi, behaves in a manner consistent with its participation as a membrane-bound intermediate in the Pi leads to HOH exchange. In addition, data are presented showing that addition of hexokinase plus glucose to submitochondrial particles in presence of ADP and Pi considerably lowers the Pi leads to HOH exchange but that further addition of cyanide or 2,4-dinitrophenol or both has little additional effect. Such data are compatible with no energy requirement for formation of bound ATP. However, with a large excess of hexokinase, the rate of the Pi leads to HOH exchange is further depressed. This could reflect some use of energy to promote formation of ATP at the catalytic site or to maintain the integrity of the phosphorylation system. Relationships of these findings to related information in the field are discussed.
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Weiner MW, Lardy HA. Effects of respiratory chain inhibitors on mitochondrial ATPase activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 162:568-77. [PMID: 4276120 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chude O, Boyer PD. Protein-bound sulfhydryl groups and thiolesters in mitochondria and submitochondrial particles and their relationships to oxidative phosphorylation. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 160:366-71. [PMID: 4208772 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Clark MG, Williams JF, Blackmore PF. EXCHANGE REACTIONS IN METABOLISM. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 1974. [DOI: 10.1080/01614947408075369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dahms AS, Boyer PD. Occurrence and Characteristics of 18O Exchange Reactions Catalyzed by Sodium- and Potassium-dependent Adenosine Triphosphatases. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Mitochondrial Coupling Factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152505-7.50016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Holzer H, Wohlhueter R. (Glutamine synthetase) tyrosyl-O-adenylate: a new energy-rich phosphate bond. ADVANCES IN ENZYME REGULATION 1972; 10:121-32. [PMID: 4143924 DOI: 10.1016/0065-2571(72)90009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sani BP, Sanadi DR. Involvement of thiol function in the activity of energy transfer factor D of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Arch Biochem Biophys 1971; 147:351-2. [PMID: 4329865 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(71)90345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Mitchell RA, Chang BF, Huang CH, DeMaster EG. Inhibition of mitochondrial energy-linked functions by arsenate. Evidence for a nonhydrolytic mode of inhibitor action. Biochemistry 1971; 10:2049-54. [PMID: 4327397 DOI: 10.1021/bi00787a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Energy Conversion Reactions in Bacterial Photosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152504-0.50013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Streichman S, Avi-Dor Y. Difference in 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone sensitivity of electron transport with and against the redox potential gradient. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 216:262-9. [PMID: 4396181 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(70)90217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Wrigglesworth JM, Packer L. pH-dependent changes in mitochondrial membrane structure. JOURNAL OF BIOENERGETICS 1970; 1:33-43. [PMID: 5005950 DOI: 10.1007/bf01516087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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DeMaster EG, Mitchell RA. The insensitivity of mitochondrial-catalyzed arsenate-water oxygen exchange reaction to dinitrophenol and to oligomycin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1970; 39:199-203. [PMID: 5439508 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)90778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kurup CK, Sanadi DR. Effect of mercurials on NADH oxidation and energy-linked hydrogen ion gradient in submitochondrial particles. Arch Biochem Biophys 1970; 137:388-91. [PMID: 4314726 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(70)90453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Gómez-Puyou A, Sandoval F, Peña A, Chávez E, Tuena M. Effect of Na+ and K+ on Mitochondrial Respiratory Control, Oxygen Uptake, and Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity. J Biol Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)63665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Lam KW, Yang SS. Studies on oxidative phosphorylation. XIX. Functional site of factor B in energy transfer reactions. Arch Biochem Biophys 1969; 133:366-72. [PMID: 4309592 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(69)90465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Groot GS. Comparative studies of the ADP-ATP and the Pi-ATP exchange reactions related to oxidative phosphorylation in rat-liver mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 180:439-44. [PMID: 5810845 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(69)90023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lam KW, Swann D, Elzinga M. Studies on oxidative phosphorylation. XVII. Physical and chemical properties of factor B. Arch Biochem Biophys 1969; 130:175-82. [PMID: 4305155 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(69)90023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lam KW. Sulfhydryl group involvement in a soluble energy transfer factor of the oxidative phosphorylation system. Arch Biochem Biophys 1968; 123:642-3. [PMID: 5689834 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(68)90186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Occurrence and Possible Mechanism of 32P and 18O Exchange Reactions of Photophosphorylation. J Biol Chem 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Skye GE, Shavit N, Boyer PD. The catalysis by modified chloroplasts of the Pi-ATP, Pi-HOH and ATP-HOH exchange reactions in the absence of light. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1967; 28:724-9. [PMID: 6053199 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(67)90376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mitchell RA, Hill R, Boyer P. Mechanistic Implications of Mg++, Adenine Nucleotide, and Inhibitor Effects on Energy-linked Reactions of Submitochondrial Particles. J Biol Chem 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)96072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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BOYER P. 18O and Related Exchanges in Enzymic Formation and Utilization of Nucleoside Triphosphates1 1Preparation of the review and unpublished work mentioned herein was supported in part by Grant No. GM-11094 of the Institute of General Medical Sciences of the U.S. Public Health Service and by Contract AT(11–1)34 of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-9970-2.50011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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