1
|
Citterio CE, Kim K, Rajesh B, Pena K, Clarke OB, Arvan P. Structural features of thyroglobulin linked to protein trafficking. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4784. [PMID: 37717261 PMCID: PMC10578121 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin must pass endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control to become secreted for thyroid hormone synthesis. Defective thyroglobulin, blocked in trafficking, can cause hypothyroidism. Thyroglobulin is a large protein (~2750 residues) spanning regions I-II-III plus a C-terminal cholinesterase-like domain. The cholinesterase-like domain functions as an intramolecular chaperone for regions I-II-III, but the folding pathway leading to successful thyroglobulin trafficking remains largely unknown. Here, informed by the recent three-dimensional structure of thyroglobulin as determined by cryo-electron microscopy, we have bioengineered three novel classes of mutants yielding three entirely distinct quality control phenotypes. Specifically, upon expressing recombinant thyroglobulin, we find that first, mutations eliminating a disulfide bond enclosing a 200-amino acid loop in region I have surprisingly little impact on the ability of thyroglobulin to fold to a secretion-competent state. Next, we have identified a mutation on the surface of the cholinesterase-like domain that has no discernible effect on regional folding yet affects contact between distinct regions and thereby triggers impairment in the trafficking of full-length thyroglobulin. Finally, we have probed a conserved disulfide in the cholinesterase-like domain that interferes dramatically with local folding, and this defect then impacts on global folding, blocking the entire thyroglobulin in the ER. These data highlight variants with distinct effects on ER quality control, inhibiting domain-specific folding; folding via regional contact; neither; or both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cintia E. Citterio
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesChapman UniversityIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kookjoo Kim
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Physiology and Cellular BiophysicsIrving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Bhavana Rajesh
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Kevin Pena
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Oliver Biggs Clarke
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Physiology and Cellular BiophysicsIrving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu XW, Sok DE. Multimerization of bovine Thyroglobulin, partially unfolded or partially unfolded/reduced; Involvement of protein disulfide isomerase and glutathionylated disulfide linkage. Arch Pharm Res 2004; 27:1275-83. [PMID: 15646804 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fate of the nascent thyrolglobulin (Tg) molecule is characterized by multimerization. To establish the formation of Tg multimers, the partially unfolded/reduced Tg or deoxycholate-treated/ reduced Tg was subjected to protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)-mediated multimerization. Oxidized glutathione/PDI-mediated formation of multimeric Tg forms, requiring at least an equivalent molar ratio of PDI/Tg monomer, decreased with increasing concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), suggesting the oxidizing role of PDI. Additional support was obtained when PDI alone, at a PDI/Tg molar ratio of 0.3, expressed a rapid multimerization. Independently, the exposure of partially unfolded Tg to GSH resulted in Tg multimerization, enhanced by PDI, according to thiol-disulfide exchange. Though to a lower extent, a similar result was observed with the dimerization of deoxycholate-pretreated Tg monomer. Consequently, it is implied that intermolecular disulfide linkage may be facilitated at a limited region of unfolded Tg. In an attempt to examine the multimerization site, the cysteine residue-rich fragments of the Tg were subjected to GSH-induced multimerization; a 50 kDa fragment, containing three vicinal dithiols, was multimerized, while an N-terminal domain was not. Present results suggest that the oxidase as well as isomerase function of PDI may be involved in the multimerization of partially unfolded Tg or deoxycholate-treated Tg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Wen Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-Ku, Taejon 305-764, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tcherkasskaya O, Uversky VN. Denatured collapsed states in protein folding: example of apomyoglobin. Proteins 2001; 44:244-54. [PMID: 11455597 DOI: 10.1002/prot.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Experimental approaches, including circular dichroism, small angle X-ray scattering, steady-state fluorescence, and fluorescence energy transfer, were applied to study the 3D-structure of apomyolgobin in different conformational states. These included the native and molten globules, along with either less ordered conformations induced by the addition of anions or completely unfolded states. The results show that the partially folded forms of apomyoglobin stabilized by KCl and/or Na(2)SO(4) under unfolding conditions (pH 2) exhibit a significant amount of secondary structure (circular dichroism), low packing density of protein molecules (SAXS), and native-like dimensions of the AGH core (fluorescence energy transfer). This finding indicates that a native-like tertiary fold of the polypeptide chain, i.e., the spatial organization of secondary structure elements, most likely emerges prior to the formation of the molten globule state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Tcherkasskaya
- Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Veneziani BM, Giallauria F, Gentile F. The disulfide bond pattern between fragments obtained by the limited proteolysis of bovine thyroglobulin. Biochimie 1999; 81:517-25. [PMID: 10403184 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(99)80104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The comparative analysis of the products of the limited proteolysis of bovine thyroglobulin with trypsin by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in non-reducing and reducing conditions revealed the presence of disulfide linkages between some of the fragments. In order to define the disulfide bond pattern between the proteolytic fragments of thyroglobulin, these were isolated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in non-reducing conditions and electrophoretic transfer onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Individual bands were desorbed from the membranes and re-analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in reducing conditions. The resulting peptides were identified by comparison with the peptides directly obtained by SDS-electrophoresis in reducing conditions, and characterized by amino-terminal peptide sequencing either in this study or in a previous investigation (Gentile F., Salvatore G., Eur. J. Biochem. 218 (1993) 603-621). The analysis revealed that several fragments, produced by cleavages within the context of various cysteine-rich repeats of type 1 and within cysteine-rich repeat 3b.1, did not separate in the absence of reduction. On the other hand, the products of the cleavages at the carboxy-terminal extremity of the linker between type 2 and type 3 cysteine-rich repeats, and in the middle of the acetylcholinesterase-similar domain of thyroglobulin separated freely, with no need for reduction. On the base of these data, a model is presented in which distinct subsets of cysteine-rich repeats and the carboxy-terminal, acetylcholinesterase-similar domain of thyroglobulin form sequentially aligned subdomains with internal disulfide linkages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B M Veneziani
- Centro di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deshpande V, Venkatesh SG. Thyroglobulin, the prothyroid hormone: chemistry, synthesis and degradation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1430:157-78. [PMID: 10082945 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(99)00015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Deshpande
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rousset B, Selmi S, Bornet H, Bourgeat P, Rabilloud R, Munari-Silem Y. Thyroid Hormone Residues Are Released from Thyroglobulin with Only Limited Alteration of the Thyroglobulin Structure. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)63901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
7
|
Suberville C, Higueret P, Taruoura D, Garcin H, Higueret D. Glutathione deficiency and peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones during dietary cysteine deprivation in rats. Br J Nutr 1988; 59:451-6. [PMID: 3395604 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19880054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
1. For a period of 24 d, young rats received a diet containing 120 g casein/kg or the same basic diet supplemented with 1.93 g cysteine/kg. 2. The thyroxine (T4) turnover was decreased in rats receiving the cysteine-deficient diet compared with that of rats on the supplemented diet. Moreover, the extrathyroidal T4 pool and T4 disposal rate decreased. 3. Cysteine deprivation also decreased the peripheral metabolism of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). The T3 distribution space, extrathyroidal pool of T3 and T3 disposal rate were diminished. 4. In vitro, deiodination of T4 in liver homogenate assayed with endogenous glutathione (GSH) demonstrated decreased T3 production rates in the case of cysteine deficiency. This difference was minimized by the addition of GSH in amounts sufficient to saturate the reaction kinetics. In the light of this finding, GSH is probably involved in the promotion of certain thyroidal problems induced by a cysteine-deficient diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Suberville
- Département Alimentation et Nutrition, Université de Bordeaux I, Talence, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tanini A, Shifrin S. Noncovalent interactions of a 26,000-dalton peptide with 19 S human thyroglobulin. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
9
|
Ingenbleek Y. Vitamin A-deficiency impairs the normal mannosylation, conformation and iodination of thyroglobulin: a new etiological approach to endemic goitre. EXPERIENTIA. SUPPLEMENTUM 1983; 44:264-97. [PMID: 6580176 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-6540-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken in order to validate the hypothesis that vitamin A-deficiency alters the structure of thyroglobulin (Tg). For that purpose, four groups of 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted during two months to varying dietary conditions, namely a control diet (C+), a vitamin A-deficient diet (A-), an iodine-deficient diet (I-) and a diet characterized by the association of both deficiencies (A-I-). Both the conventional parameters of thyroid function, the intracellular steps of Tg glycosylation and iodination were analyzed. In the A- and A-I- groups, blood levels of retinol fell to one tenth of the control mean and circulating concentrations of total and free T4 and T3 increased significantly. This biochemical hyperthyroidism contrasted with the maintenance of normal TSH plasma values, suggesting a generalized peripheral refractoriness to thyroid hormones. In both A- and A-I- groups, thyroid cytosol 3H-RPM (retinyl-phosphate-mannose) and 3H-mannose incorporation into the core of the 12S-Tg and 19S-Tg species were reduced by 40-50%. In contrast, cytosolic concentrations of 3H-DPM (dolichyl-phosphate-mannose) rose, suggesting that the N-glycosylation pathways are affected in opposite direction. The sedimentation coefficient in sucrose gradient of the purified dimeric 125I-19S-Tg after guanidine 6M and dithiothreitol denaturation showed that most of the A- Tg molecules were transformed into monomeric 12S species, implying alterations of both noncovalent and covalent bonds. Finally, the radiochromatogram of 125I-iodothyronines recovered after Tg pronase digestion revealed a significant increase in the mono- (MIT) and diiodothyronine (DIT) fractions in contrast with a significant decrease in the T3 and T4 hormonal compounds. These findings are consistent with the view that vitamin A-depletion impairs the endogenous RPM synthesis and, therefore, the normal Tg 0-mannosylation. The growing peptide is characterized by steric hindrance, leading to abnormal closure of disulphide bonds, reduced MIT-DIT coupling reactions and depressed generation of physiologically active thyroid hormones. pure iodine deficit (I-) induces no effects on the above-mentioned glycosylation reactions, but iodine shortage superimposed on preexisting vitamin A-deficit (A-I-) aggravates the Tg dysmaturation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Collapse
|
10
|
Palumbo G, Ambrosio G. The effects of iodination on the polypeptide heterogeneity of thyroglobulin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1982; 707:98-104. [PMID: 7138882 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(82)90401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
19 S thyroglobulins from several mammals were prepared under conditions designed to minimize endogenous proteolytic activities. The purified iodoproteins were then fractionated by RbCl isopycnic gradient centrifugation and fractions of varying iodine content analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The dependence on the iodination level of molecular dissociability, previously reported in preparations "markedly' differing in their iodination degree, has been now ultimately assessed in all species investigated and demonstrated even for fraction differing from each other only by a few iodine atoms. Upon reduction fractions across the isopycnic gradients showed the occurrence of discrete electrophoretic bands faster than the 300,000 Da subunit: the relative amount of these peptides has been found to be linearly related to the iodine content of the molecules analyzed. This behaviour has been observed in all animal species investigated. In conclusion, our data suggest that iodination, beside the well-documented effects on thyroglobulin conformational properties, may also affect its "apparent' polypeptide chain composition. The origin of such heterogeneity is discussed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Burkhardt A, Berman M, Haeberli A, Rall J. Synthesis of polypeptide chains of thyroglobulin. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)37793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
12
|
Marriq C, Stein A, Rolland M, Lissitzky S. Probable internal homology in thyroglobulin peptide chain. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 87:275-83. [PMID: 566663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
13
|
van der Walt B, Kotzé B, van Jaarsveld P, Edelhoch H. Evidence that thyroglobulin contains nonidentical half molecule subunits. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)62330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
14
|
Deme D, Gavaret JM, Pommier J, Nunez J. Maximal number of hormonogenic iodotyrosine residues in thyroglobulin iodinated by thyroid peroxidase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 70:7-13. [PMID: 1009934 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Almost non-iodinated human goiter thyroglobulin has been iodinated in vitro by thyroid peroxidase to levels as high as 75 iodine atoms per mol of protein. The following results were obtained. 1. The iodine distribution obtained in vitro with human thyroglobulin strongly ressembles that obtained in vivo for rat thyroglobulin. Thus the distribution of iodine seems to depend essentially on the structure of thyroglobulin and on the reactivity of the different tyrosine residues. 2. Although the number of hormone residues increased with iodination the highest efficiency of hormone synthesis was obtained in a very narrow range of iodination: in vitro (40%) between 25 and 30 iodine atoms, and in vivo (48%) between 10 and 20 atoms. This result suggests that the tyrosines which are coupled with a high efficiency are iodinated sequentially. 3. Maximal thyroxine content was found to be lower than approximately 3 mol/mol of thyroglobulin. This result might mean that the two 12-S subunits of thyroglobulin are not identical and that one of them is able to produce 2 mol of hormone while the second only 1 mol.
Collapse
|
15
|
Björkman U, Ekholm R, Ericson LE, Ofverholm T. Transport of thyroglobulin and peroxidase in the thyroid follicle cell. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1976; 5:3-17. [PMID: 955246 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(76)90065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the nature of the protein(s) in the exocytotic vesicles in the thyroid follicle cells and to ascertain whether or not thyroglobulin and peroxidase are transported by the same vesicles through the apical region of the cells to the follicle lumen. The study was performed on rats pretreated with thyroxine for 2 days in order to inhibit endocytosis. A fraction of exocytotic vesicles was isolated by centrifugation in continuous and discontinuous sucrose density gradients. The protein content of the vesicles were analysed by electrophoresis in continuous polyacrylamide gradient gels. The vesicles contained (uniodinated) thyroglobulin, 12-S protein and thyralbumin. Parallel histochemical studies in the electron microscope. These observations have important bearings on the mechanisms for thyroglobulin iodination, since it has been demonstrated that iodination does not occur in the exocytotic vesicles but in connection with the opening of the vesicles at the apical cell surface.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hayashi T, Iwai K, Ui N. The presence of N-terminal pyroglutamyl residues in hog thyroglobulin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 434:189-98. [PMID: 938662 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(76)90050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A method was devised to isolate N-terminal peptide fragments from the polypeptide chains constituting thyroglobulin even in the case when the terminal amino groups are naturally blocked, for instance, acylated. Reduced and carboxymethylated hog thyroglobulin was first acetylated and digested with thermolysin. The blocked N-terminal peptide fragments were separated from the unblocked N-terminal fragments by column chromatography on Dowex 50, then on Dowex 1 after dinitrophenylation, and finally fractionated into ten fractions by paper chromatography after gel filtration on Sephadex G-10. Structural analyses by enzymic or partial acid hydrolysis of these peptide fractions failed to detect N-terminal acetyl amino acid. Instead, pyroglutamyl peptides including pyroglutamylleucine were found. By the same method, acetylated lysine and glycine were identified for chicken lysozyme and horse myoglobin, respectively. The use of thermolysin because of its unique specificity, and the possible relevance of the present result to the previous data on the N-terminal analysis of thyroglobulin are discussed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Rolland M, Lissitzky S. Endogenous proteolytic activity and constituent polypeptide chains of sheep and pig 19 S thyroglobulin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 427:696-707. [PMID: 5135 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(76)90213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Porcine and ovine 19-S thyroglobulins prepared from frozen glands in several buffers using slice extraction or homogenization, ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography or Sepharose 6B gel filtration were contaminated with protease activity of pH optima 4.5 and 8.6, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Optimum temperatures of autodigestion were 37 degrees C at pH 4.5 and 25 degrees C at pH 8.6. Thyroglobulins prepared from unfrozen glands pH 7.2 in 0.1 M sodium phosphate using slice extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sepharose 6B gel filtration were devoid of acid proteolytic activity but still underwent autodigestion at pH 8.6. Diisopropylfluorophosphate was a potent inhibitor of the alkaline protease activity of ovine thyroglobulin preparations. In contrast to thyroglobulin obtained from frozen glands the proteins purified from fresh unfrozen glands at pH 7.2 only showed the 19-S and the 12-S species by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. Very few bands migrating faster than 12-S were visible. After full reduction and S-alkylation of porcine and ovine thyroglobulins, no qualitative changes were observed in the gel electrophoresis pattern as compared to the unmodified proteins. Species of apparent mol. wt. corresponding to the native 12 S were the major component, strongly suggesting a mol. wt. of about 330 000 for the elementary peptide chains of pig and sheep thyroglobulins.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gahmberg CG. External labeling of human erythrocyte glycoproteins. Studies with galactose oxidase and fluorography. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
19
|
Lissitzky S. Biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS. PART B: GENERAL & SYSTEMATIC PHARMACOLOGY 1976; 2:219-46. [PMID: 772719 DOI: 10.1016/0306-039x(76)90031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
20
|
Haeberli A, Salvatore G, Edelhoch H, Rall JE. Relationship between iodination and the polypeptide chain composition of thyroglobulin. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
21
|
Haeberli A, Bilstad J, Edelhoch H, Rall JE. Elementary chain composition of guinea pig thyroglobulin. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
22
|
|
23
|
Ui N, Lippoldt RE, Edelhoch H. Acid-induced conformational change in hog thyroglobulin. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 164:202-9. [PMID: 4473957 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
24
|
Pyzhova-Ioffe IK, Turakulov YK. Study of the iodine-containing peptides of human thyroglobulin on the basis of the results of a neutron-activation analysis. Chem Nat Compd 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00563930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
25
|
Frati L, Bilstad J, Edelhoch H, Rall JE, Salvatore G. Biosynthesis of the 27 S thyroid iodoprotein. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 162:126-34. [PMID: 4831328 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
26
|
De Nayer P, Durieux B, Nyssen-Gautier F, De Visscher M. Synthesis of thyroglobulin subunits in oocytes injected with thyroidal ribonucleic acid. Life Sci 1974; 14:625-30. [PMID: 4823621 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(74)90397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
27
|
Roques M, Torresani J, Bouchilloux S, Lissitzky S. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of thyroglobulin-related components synthesized in vitro. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 322:437-47. [PMID: 4765098 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(73)90317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
28
|
Bouchilloux S, Chabaud O, Ronin C. Cell-free peptide synthesis and carbohydrate incorporation by various thyroid particles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 322:401-20. [PMID: 4765096 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(73)90315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Rawitch AB, Brown DM. The structure of human thyroglobulin: sedimentation equilibrium in 6M guanidine hydrochloride. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 295:225-32. [PMID: 4685072 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(73)90089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
31
|
Synthesis and association of thyroglobulin subunits in a polyribosomal cell-free system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(73)90303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
32
|
Smith DJ, Shulman S. Ultracentrifugal and immunological comparisons of succinylated human thyroglobulin and 27 S iodoprotein. IMMUNOLOGICAL COMMUNICATIONS 1973; 2:371-82. [PMID: 4200774 DOI: 10.3109/08820137309022808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
33
|
Smeds S, Ekholm R. A microgel electrophoretic study of the stability of thyroid iodoproteins. J Chromatogr A 1972; 74:107-17. [PMID: 4635938 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
34
|
|
35
|
Rolland M, Lissitzky S. Polypeptides non-covalently associated in 19-S thyroglobulin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 278:316-36. [PMID: 4628534 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(72)90237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
36
|
|
37
|
|
38
|
Hagen GA, Niepomniszcze H, Haibach H, Bigazzi M, Hati R, Rapoport B, Jimenez C, DeGroot LJ, Frawley TF. Peroxidase deficiency in familial goiter with iodide organification defect. N Engl J Med 1971; 285:1394-8. [PMID: 4330593 DOI: 10.1056/nejm197112162852502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
39
|
Hayashi T, Iwai K, Ui N. Number and types of peptide chains in thyroglobulin: tryptic peptides of noniodinated hog thyroglobulin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 251:208-16. [PMID: 11452386 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(71)90104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify the number and types of peptide chains in thyroglobulin, noniodinated 19-S thyroglobulin obtained from goitrogen-treated hogs was exhaustively digested with trypsin (EC 3.4.4.4) after reduction and S-carboxymethylation. The digestion mixture was preliminarily separated into 30 fractions on Sephadex G-100 or G-15 and SE-Sephadex columns. The number of various tryptic peptides contained in each fraction was determined on peptide maps, where spots were detected with ninhydrin for total peptides and with each specific reagent for arginine, histidine or tyrosine-containing peptides. The number of total peptides observed in most of the fractions was estimated to be half the number of lysine plus arginine residues found in each fraction per mole of thyroglobulin, and the number of specific peptides was also close to half the number of each specific amino acid. These findings imply that thyroglobulin has 2-fold symmetry in the structure at the level of tryptic fragments and thus probably at the level of intact peptide chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Hayashi
- Departments of Protein Chemistry and Physical Biochemistry, Institute of Endocrinology, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Identification and Characterization of Two Labeled Intermediates in the Biosynthesis of Rat Thyroglobulin. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)34168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
41
|
An investigation of the tyroxine-containing peptide of human thyroglobulin. Chem Nat Compd 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00567978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
42
|
Gahmberg CG. Proteins and glycoproteins of hamster kidney fibroblast (BHK21) plasma membranes and endoplasmic reticulum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 249:81-95. [PMID: 5168782 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(71)90085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
43
|
Relation entre teneur en iode et propriétés de thyroglobulines obtenues par la méthode d'equilibrage isotopique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(71)90256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
44
|
|
45
|
|
46
|
|
47
|
|
48
|
Rolland M, Lissitzky S. Succinylation of thyroglobulin. Relation between dissociation into subunit and iodine content. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 214:282-9. [PMID: 5533657 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(70)90005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
49
|
De Nayer P, De Visscher M. Covalent association of thyroglobulin subunits in a thyroid polyribosomal cell-free system. FEBS Lett 1970; 8:137-139. [PMID: 11947553 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P De Nayer
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Générale, Université de Louvain, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|