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Zhang L, Wei C, Guo Y, Hu J, Wang M. Molecular identification and functional characterization of a C-type lectin gene in Meretrix meretrix. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:109833. [PMID: 39147178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
C-type lectins (CTLs) are a kind of Ca2+-dependent immunoreactive factors, which participated in pathogens recognition and defense. The present study identified a new CTL from hard clam Meretrix meretrix (designated as MmCTL4). The full-length of MmCTL4 cDNA was 608 bp, encoding a presumed signal peptide of 19 bp and a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of 131 bp. The tertiary structure of recombinant MmCTL4 protein (rMmCTL4) was the typical long double-ring structure with three conserved disulfide bonds, and the motifs in Ca2+-binding sites of MmCTL4 were QPN and WSD. The SYBR Green real-time PCR analysis indicated that MmCTL4 was widely expressed in the hemocytes, hepatopancreas and mantle of healthy clams. After Vibrio splendidus stimulation, the temporal expression profile of MmCTL4 mRNA in hemocytes and hepatopancreas increased by 7.8-fold at 6 hpi and 3.9-fold at 12 hpi, respectively. The cDNA fragments encoding MmCTL4 were recombined into pET-32a (+) vectors, and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The rMmCTL4 with the presence of Ca2+ performed obvious hemagglutination activity, and could agglutinate E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, while it only weakly agglutinate Vibrio parahaemolyticus and fungi P. pastoris. The agglutination activity of rMmCTL4 were significantly inhibited by D-mannose, D-xylose, D-lactose, maltose and lipopolysaccharides. These results indicated that MmCTL4, as a class of typical pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), could protect the host against pathogen invasion in the innate immunity of clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Cun Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ying Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Jingjie Hu
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572024, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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Rojekar S, Gholap AD, Togre N, Bhoj P, Haeck C, Hatvate N, Singh N, Vitore J, Dhoble S, Kashid S, Patravale V. Current status of mannose receptor-targeted drug delivery for improved anti-HIV therapy. J Control Release 2024; 372:494-521. [PMID: 38849091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In the pursuit of achieving better therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of HIV, innovative drug delivery strategies have been extensively explored. Mannose receptors, which are primarily found on macrophages and dendritic cells, offer promising targets for drug delivery due to their involvement in HIV pathogenesis. This review article comprehensively evaluates recent drug delivery system advancements targeting the mannose receptor. We have systematically described recent developments in creating and utilizing drug delivery platforms, including nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, noisomes, dendrimers, and other nanocarrier systems targeted at the mannose receptor. These strategies aim to enhance drug delivery specificity, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy while decreasing off-target effects and systemic toxicity. Furthermore, the article delves into how mannose receptors and HIV interact, highlighting the potential for exploiting this interaction to enhance drug delivery to infected cells. The review covers essential topics, such as the rational design of nanocarriers for mannose receptor recognition, the impact of physicochemical properties on drug delivery performance, and how targeted delivery affects the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-HIV agents. The challenges of these novel strategies, including immunogenicity, stability, and scalability, and future research directions in this rapidly growing area are discussed. The knowledge synthesis presented in this review underscores the potential of mannose receptor-based targeted drug delivery as a promising avenue for advancing HIV treatment. By leveraging the unique properties of mannose receptors, researchers can design drug delivery systems that cater to individual needs, overcome existing limitations, and create more effective and patient-friendly treatments in the ongoing fight against HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Namdev Togre
- Department of Pathology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Priyanka Bhoj
- Department of Pathology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Clement Haeck
- Population Council, , Center for Biomedical Research, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Navnath Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Jyotsna Vitore
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Sagar Dhoble
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. K. Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Snehal Kashid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
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Paurević M, Šrajer Gajdošik M, Ribić R. Mannose Ligands for Mannose Receptor Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1370. [PMID: 38338648 PMCID: PMC10855088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The mannose receptor (MR, CD 206) is an endocytic receptor primarily expressed by macrophages and dendritic cells, which plays a critical role in both endocytosis and antigen processing and presentation. MR carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) exhibit a high binding affinity for branched and linear oligosaccharides. Furthermore, multivalent mannose presentation on the various templates like peptides, proteins, polymers, micelles, and dendrimers was proven to be a valuable approach for the selective and efficient delivery of various therapeutically active agents to MR. This review provides a detailed account of the most relevant and recent aspects of the synthesis and application of mannosylated bioactive formulations for MR-mediated delivery in treatments of cancer and other infectious diseases. It further highlights recent findings related to the necessary structural features of the mannose-containing ligands for successful binding to the MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Paurević
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.P.); (M.Š.G.)
| | - Martina Šrajer Gajdošik
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.P.); (M.Š.G.)
| | - Rosana Ribić
- Department of Nursing, University Center Varaždin, University North, Jurja Križanića 31b, HR-42000 Varaždin, Croatia
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Zhao YD, An HW, Mamuti M, Zeng XZ, Zheng R, Yang J, Zhou W, Liang Y, Qin G, Hou DY, Liu X, Wang H, Zhao Y, Fang X. Reprogramming Hypoxic Tumor-Associated Macrophages by Nanoglycoclusters for Boosted Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211332. [PMID: 36971342 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in intratumoral hypoxic regions are key drivers of immune escape. Reprogramming the hypoxic TAMs to antitumor phenotype holds great therapeutic benefits but remains challenging for current drugs. Here, an in situ activated nanoglycocluster is reported to realize effective tumor penetration and potent repolarization of hypoxic TAMs. Triggered by the hypoxia-upregulated matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), the nanoglycocluster is self-assembled from the administered mannose-containing precursor glycopeptides and presents densely-arrayed mannoses to multivalently engage with mannose receptors on M2-like TAMs for efficient phenotype switch. By virtue of the high diffusivity of precursor glycopeptides due to their low molecular mass and weak affinity with TAMs in perivascular regions, the nanoglycoclusters are capable of substantially accumulating in hypoxic areas to strongly interact with local TAMs. This enables the efficient repolarization of overall TAMs with a higher rate than the small-molecule drug R848 and CD40 antibody, and beneficial therapeutic effects in mouse tumor models especially when combining with PD-1 antibody. This on-demand activated immunoagent is endowed with tumor-penetrating properties and inspires the design of diverse intelligent nanomedicines for hypoxia-related cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Dan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, PR China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, 030009, PR China
| | - Hong-Wei An
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Muhetaerjiang Mamuti
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiang-Zhong Zeng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Rui Zheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jia Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
| | - Yuxin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Gege Qin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Da-Yong Hou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
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N-glycosylation of mannose receptor (CD206) regulates glycan binding by C-type lectin domains. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102591. [PMID: 36244450 PMCID: PMC9672410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrophage mannose receptor (MR, CD206) is a transmembrane endocytic lectin receptor, expressed in selected immune and endothelial cells, and is involved in immunity and maintaining homeostasis. Eight of the ten extracellular domains of the MR are C-type lectin domains (CTLDs) which mediate the binding of mannose, fucose, and GlcNAc in a calcium-dependent manner. Previous studies indicated that self-glycosylation of MR regulates its glycan binding. To further explore this structure-function relationship, we studied herein a recombinant version of mouse MR CTLD4-7 fused to human Fc-portion of IgG (MR-Fc). The construct was expressed in different glycosylation-mutant cell lines to study the influence of differential glycosylation on receptor glycan-binding properties. We conducted site-specific N- and O-glycosylation analysis and glycosylation site characterization using mass spectrometry by which several novel O-glycosylation sites were identified in mouse MR and confirmed in human full-length MR. This information guided experiments evaluating the receptor functionality by glycan microarray analysis in combination with glycan-modifying enzymes. Treatment of active MR-Fc with combinations of exoglycosidases, including neuraminidase and galactosidases, resulted in the loss of trans-binding (binding of MR CTLDs to non-MR glycans), due to unmasking of terminal, nonreducing GlcNAc in N-glycans of the MR CTLDs. Regalactosylation of N-glycans rescues mannose binding by MR-Fc. Our results indicate that glycans within the MR CTLDs act as a regulatory switch by masking and unmasking self-ligands, including terminal, nonreducing GlcNAc in N-glycans, which could control MR activity in a tissue- and cell-specific manner or which potentially affect bacterial pathogenesis in an immunomodulatory fashion.
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The choanoflagellate pore-forming lectin SaroL-1 punches holes in cancer cells by targeting the tumor-related glycosphingolipid Gb3. Commun Biol 2022; 5:954. [PMID: 36097056 PMCID: PMC9468336 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Choanoflagellates are primitive protozoa used as models for animal evolution. They express a large variety of multi-domain proteins contributing to adhesion and cell communication, thereby providing a rich repertoire of molecules for biotechnology. Adhesion often involves proteins adopting a β-trefoil fold with carbohydrate-binding properties therefore classified as lectins. Sequence database screening with a dedicated method resulted in TrefLec, a database of 44714 β-trefoil candidate lectins across 4497 species. TrefLec was searched for original domain combinations, which led to single out SaroL-1 in the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta, that contains both β-trefoil and aerolysin-like pore-forming domains. Recombinant SaroL-1 is shown to bind galactose and derivatives, with a stronger affinity for cancer-related α-galactosylated epitopes such as the glycosphingolipid Gb3, when embedded in giant unilamellar vesicles or cell membranes. Crystal structures of complexes with Gb3 trisaccharide and GalNAc provided the basis for building a model of the oligomeric pore. Finally, recognition of the αGal epitope on glycolipids required for hemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes suggests that toxicity on cancer cells is achieved through carbohydrate-dependent pore-formation. A curated lectin database, structural characterization, and in vitro assays show that choanoflagellate lectin SaroL-1 binds to cancer-related α-galactosylated epitopes and can be toxic to cancer cells through a carbohydrate-dependent pore-formation mechanism.
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Chen J, Lin Y, Wu M, Li C, Cen K, Liu F, Liao Y, Zhou X, Xu J, Cheng Y. Glycyrrhetinic acid proliposomes mediated by mannosylated ligand: Preparation, physicochemical characterization, environmental stability and bioactivity evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112781. [PMID: 36007313 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid is a bioactive compound extracted from licorice that exhibits inhibition effect on various cancers. However, its hydrophobicity results in low bioavailability that limits application. We aim to overcome this barrier, the present research was performed to prepare glycyrrhetinic acid proliposomes mediated mannosylated ligand (mannose-diester lauric diacid-cholesterol, MDC) and to evaluate its physicochemical characterizations, environmental stability and bioactivity. In preliminary optimization studies of glycyrrhetinic acid proliposomes mediated MDC (MDC-GA-PL), four optimum operating parameters, cryoprotectant of glucose and mannitol, the mixed cryoprotectant ratio (glucose/mannitol) of 1:1, a cryoprotectant/egg phosphatidylcholine mass ratio of 10/1, and -60 ℃ pre-freezing temperature, were obtained after investigation. Under the optimum lyophilization conditions, MDC-GA-PL was freeze-dried and reconstituted proliposomes were characterized. These proliposomes showed that MDC-GA-PL were well-dispersible spherical particles with an average particle size of 120.80 nm, a polydispersity index about 0.095, a zeta potential of -33.15 mV, encapsulation efficiency of 85.9% and drug loading of 6.38%. In vitro drug release study showed that glycyrrhetinic acid release of MDC-GA-PL conforms to the Higuchi release model. In addition, these proliposomes were stable during six months at 4 ℃. Moreover, acute toxicity assay revealed no substantial safety concern for MDC-GA-PL. Finally, in vitro bioactivity of proliposomes was evaluated. Cytotoxicity effect and apoptosis efficiency of MDC-GA-PL by HepG2 cells was significantly higher than that of glycyrrhetinic acid proliposomes without MDC, demonstrating that MDC has a desirable effect on liver target. Overall, we have reason to believe that MDC-GA-PL would be a promising target delivery to improve therapeutic against hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Chuangnan Li
- Neurosurgery Department, Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Jinan University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Kaijie Cen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Fujin Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Yazhi Liao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Jucai Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - Yi Cheng
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Liu R, Qi Y, Zhai Y, Li H, An L, Yang G, Shan S. Identification and functional analysis of Mannose receptor in Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) in response to bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:463-473. [PMID: 35781053 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mannose receptor (MR), as a member of the C-type lectin (CLEC) family, plays an important role in the internalize pathogen-associated ligands and activate immune response. In the present study, MR was identified and characterized from Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) (namely MaMR). The open reading frame of MaMR was 4311 bp in length encoding 1437 amino acids of a ∼162.308 kDa protein, including a cysteine-rich (CR) domain, a fibronectin type II (FNII) domain, eight C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs), a transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic domain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that MaMR shared the highest similarity with that of Paralichthys olivaceus. The expression of MaMR was found in all the examined tissues, with the highest expression in the spleen and kidney. After injection with Edwardsiella tarda, the transcript level of MaMR was initially reduced and then significantly elevated in the liver, spleen, foregut and hindgut. In the isolated peripheral blood leukocytes, the expression of MaMR was significantly induced post stimulated with LPS and LTA. Then the MaMR-CTLD4-8 recombinant protein was purified. Bacterial agglutination and binding assay showed that rMaMR-CTLD4-8 could bind with both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and agglutinate bacteria in the presence of calcium in vitro. Further analysis revealed that MaMR and TLR2 coordinately induced the expression of TRAF6 and promoted the phosphorylation level of p65, leading to the expression of proinflammatory cytokines il-1β and tnf-α in EPC cells. Taken together, these results reveal that MaMR plays an important role in the immune response of fish to pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yaqing Zhai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Liguo An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Shijuan Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
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9
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Cummings RD. The mannose receptor ligands and the macrophage glycome. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102394. [PMID: 35617912 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A unique glycan-binding protein expressed in macrophages and some types of other immune cells is the mannose receptor (MR, CD206). It is an endocytic, transmembrane protein with multiple glycan-binding domains and different specificities in binding glycans. The mannose receptor is important as it has major roles in diverse biological processes, including regulation of circulating levels of reproductive hormones, homeostasis, innate immunity, and infections. These different functions involve the recognition of a wide range of glycans, and their nature is currently under intense study. But the mannose receptor is just one of many glycan-binding proteins expressed in macrophages, leading to an interest in the potential relationship between the macrophage glycome and how it may regulate cognate glycan-binding protein activities. This review focuses primarily on the mannose receptor and its carbohydrate ligands, as well as macrophages and their glycomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Cummings
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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10
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Yin X, Bai H, Mu L, Chen N, Qi W, Huang Y, Xu H, Jian J, Wang A, Ye J. Expression and functional characterization of the mannose receptor (MR) from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in response to bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:104257. [PMID: 34530040 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mannose receptor (MR) as a member of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) plays an important role in the immune response. In mammals, the role of MR in the regulation of phagocytosis is clarified; however, its contribution to opsonize phagocytosis remains unclear in bony fish. In this study, the expression pattern of Nile tilapia mannose receptor gene (OnMR) was investigated and its regulation of the phagocytosis of monocytes/macrophages to pathogenic bacteria was identified. The full-length of OnMR open reading frame is 4314 bp, encoding a peptide containing 1437 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed that OnMR contained a cysteine-rich domain, a fibronectin type II domain, multiple C-type lectin-like domains, a transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic domain. Tissue distribution analysis showed the OnMR transcripts was widely distribute in the ten detected tissues, and highly expressed in head kidney, hind kidney, intestine and spleen. After S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila infection, the expression of OnMR in head kidney and spleen increased significantly. Moreover, the expression of OnMR in MO/Mø were also upregulated post the infection of bacteria and mannose solutions in vitro. This suggested that MR, as a mannose receptor on macrophage surface, could respond strongly to the stimulation of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the (r)OnMR protein could effectively bind and agglutinate S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila, and regulate the phagocytic ability of monocytes/macrophages to pathogenic bacteria. These results suggest that OnMR is involved in response against bacterial infection in Nile tilapia, and this study will help us better understand the function of MR in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yin
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Hao Bai
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Liangliang Mu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Nuo Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Heyi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Jichang Jian
- Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Anli Wang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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11
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Moreira V, Leiguez E, Janovits PM, Maia-Marques R, Fernandes CM, Teixeira C. Inflammatory Effects of Bothrops Phospholipases A 2: Mechanisms Involved in Biosynthesis of Lipid Mediators and Lipid Accumulation. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120868. [PMID: 34941706 PMCID: PMC8709003 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases A2s (PLA2s) constitute one of the major protein groups present in the venoms of viperid and crotalid snakes. Snake venom PLA2s (svPLA2s) exhibit a remarkable functional diversity, as they have been described to induce a myriad of toxic effects. Local inflammation is an important characteristic of snakebite envenomation inflicted by viperid and crotalid species and diverse svPLA2s have been studied for their proinflammatory properties. Moreover, based on their molecular, structural, and functional properties, the viperid svPLA2s are classified into the group IIA secreted PLA2s, which encompasses mammalian inflammatory sPLA2s. Thus, research on svPLA2s has attained paramount importance for better understanding the role of this class of enzymes in snake envenomation and the participation of GIIA sPLA2s in pathophysiological conditions and for the development of new therapeutic agents. In this review, we highlight studies that have identified the inflammatory activities of svPLA2s, in particular, those from Bothrops genus snakes, which are major medically important snakes in Latin America, and we describe recent advances in our collective understanding of the mechanisms underlying their inflammatory effects. We also discuss studies that dissect the action of these venom enzymes in inflammatory cells focusing on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the biosynthesis of lipid mediators and lipid accumulation in immunocompetent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Moreira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04044-020, Brazil;
| | - Elbio Leiguez
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (E.L.); (P.M.J.); (R.M.-M.); (C.M.F.)
| | - Priscila Motta Janovits
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (E.L.); (P.M.J.); (R.M.-M.); (C.M.F.)
| | - Rodrigo Maia-Marques
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (E.L.); (P.M.J.); (R.M.-M.); (C.M.F.)
| | - Cristina Maria Fernandes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (E.L.); (P.M.J.); (R.M.-M.); (C.M.F.)
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (E.L.); (P.M.J.); (R.M.-M.); (C.M.F.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Dorraji ES, Oteiza A, Kuttner S, Martin-Armas M, Kanapathippillai P, Garbarino S, Kalda G, Scussolini M, Piana M, Fenton KA. Positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography imaging of tertiary lymphoid structures during the development of lupus nephritis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211033683. [PMID: 34344200 PMCID: PMC8351034 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211033683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid neogenesis occurs in tissues targeted by chronic inflammatory processes, such as infection and autoimmunity. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), such structures develop within the kidneys of lupus-prone mice ((NZBXNZW)F1) and are observed in kidney biopsies taken from SLE patients with lupus nephritis (LN). The purpose of this prospective longitudinal animal study was to detect early kidney changes and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) using in vivo imaging. Positron emission tomography (PET) by tail vein injection of 18-F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG)(PET/FDG) combined with computed tomography (CT) for anatomical localization and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) by intraperitoneal injection of 99mTC labeled Albumin Nanocoll (99mTC-Nanocoll) were performed on different disease stages of NZB/W mice (n = 40) and on aged matched control mice (BALB/c) (n = 20). By using one-way ANOVA analyses, we compared two different compartmental models for the quantitative measure of 18F-FDG uptake within the kidneys. Using a new five-compartment model, we observed that glomerular filtration of 18FFDG in lupus-prone mice decreased significantly by disease progression measured by anti-dsDNA Ab production and before onset of proteinuria. We could not visualize TLS within the kidneys, but we were able to visualize pancreatic TLS using 99mTC Nanocoll SPECT. Based on our findings, we conclude that the five-compartment model can be used to measure changes of FDG uptake within the kidney. However, new optimal PET/SPECT tracer administration sites together with more specific tracers in combination with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may make it possible to detect formation of TLS and LN before clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil S Dorraji
- RNA and Molecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, 8016UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ana Oteiza
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, 8016UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Samuel Kuttner
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, 8016UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Montserrat Martin-Armas
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, 8016UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Premasany Kanapathippillai
- RNA and Molecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, 8016UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sara Garbarino
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gustav Kalda
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, 8016UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mara Scussolini
- Dipartimento di Matematica, 9302Universita di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Piana
- Dipartimento di Matematica, 9302Universita di Genova, Genova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Matematica, 9302Universita di Genova, and CNR-SPIN, Genova, Italy
| | - Kristin A Fenton
- RNA and Molecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, 8016UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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13
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Alzhrani RF, Xu H, Valdes SA, Naguib YW, Cui Z. Effect of surface mannosylation on the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of stearoyl gemcitabine-incorporated, acid-sensitive micelles. COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 43:100441. [PMID: 34307073 PMCID: PMC8294156 DOI: 10.1016/j.colcom.2021.100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Elevated expression of C-type like receptors (CLRs) by tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) present a unique target for the delivery of anticancer agents. Stearoyl gemcitabine (GemC18)-incorporated, acid-sensitive micelles (G-AS-M) prepared with a stearoyl polyethylene glycol (PEG2000) hydrazone were surface-mannosylated in this study for potential targeted killing of tumor cells and TAMs. The surface mannosylated micelles (i.e. G-MAS-M) were significantly more cytotoxic than the G-AS-M micelles to macrophages and tumor cells that express CLRs. Surprisingly, the uptake of GemC18 in the mannosylated G-MAS-M micelles by the macrophages and tumor cells was lower than that of GemC18 in the G-AS-M micelles. The lack of correlation between the cytoxicity and cellular uptake of GemC18 in the micelles was likely caused by a reduction in the sensitivity of the hydrazone bond linking the PEG2000 to the mannosylated G-MAS-M micelles to hydrolysis, resulting in more stable micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad F. Alzhrani
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy,
Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Haiyue Xu
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy,
Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Solange A. Valdes
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy,
Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Youssef W. Naguib
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy,
Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, Texas, USA
- Deparment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia
University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy,
Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, Texas, USA
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14
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Zheng Q, Qin F, Luo R, Jin C, Huang H, Xi H, Xiao W, Guo M, Yang S, He S, Cheng L, Fan N, Yao S, Song X. mRNA‐Loaded Lipid‐Like Nanoparticles for Liver Base Editing Via the Optimization of Central Composite Design. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202011068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University No.17, Section 3, Renmin South Road Chengdu China
| | - Fengming Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University No.17, Section 3, Renmin South Road Chengdu China
| | - Ruijie Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University No.17, Section 3, Renmin South Road Chengdu China
| | - Chaohui Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University No.17, Section 3, Renmin South Road Chengdu China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University No.17, Section 3, Renmin South Road Chengdu China
| | - He Xi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University No.17, Section 3, Renmin South Road Chengdu China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University No.17, Section 3, Renmin South Road Chengdu China
| | - Mengran Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University No.17, Section 3, Renmin South Road Chengdu China
| | - Shuping Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University No.17, Section 3, Renmin South Road Chengdu China
| | - Siyan He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University No.17, Section 3, Renmin South Road Chengdu China
| | - Lizhi Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University No.17, Section 3, Renmin South Road Chengdu China
| | - Na Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University No.17, Section 3, Renmin South Road Chengdu China
| | - Shaohua Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University No.17, Section 3, Renmin South Road Chengdu China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University No.17, Section 3, Renmin South Road Chengdu China
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15
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Innate Immune Pattern Recognition Receptors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Nature and Consequences for Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1313:179-215. [PMID: 34661896 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a critical early response to prevent the establishment of the infection. Despite recent advances in understanding the host-pathogen dialogue in the early stages of tuberculosis (TB), much has yet to be learnt. The nature and consequences of this dialogue ultimately determine the path of infection: namely, either early clearance of M. tuberculosis, or establishment of M. tuberculosis infection leading to active TB disease and/or latent TB infection. On the frontline in innate immunity are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), with soluble factors (e.g. collectins and complement) and cell surface factors (e.g. Toll-like receptors and other C-type lectin receptors (Dectin 1/2, Nod-like receptors, DC-SIGN, Mincle, mannose receptor, and MCL) that play a central role in recognising M. tuberculosis and facilitating its clearance. However, in a 'double-edged sword' scenario, these factors can also be involved in enhancement of pathogenesis as well. Furthermore, innate immunity is also a critical bridge in establishing the subsequent adaptive immune response, which is also responsible for granuloma formation that cordons off M. tuberculosis infection, establishing latency and acting as a reservoir for bacterial persistence and dissemination of future disease. This chapter discusses the current understanding of pattern recognition of M. tuberculosis by innate immunity and the role this plays in the pathogenesis and protection against TB.
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16
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Mastrangeli R, Audino MC, Palinsky W, Broly H, Bierau H. The Formidable Challenge of Controlling High Mannose-Type N-Glycans in Therapeutic mAbs. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:1154-1168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Rushworth JL, Montgomery KS, Cao B, Brown R, Dibb NJ, Nilsson SK, Chiefari J, Fuchter MJ. Glycosylated Nanoparticles Derived from RAFT Polymerization for Effective Drug Delivery to Macrophages. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5775-5786. [PMID: 35021808 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The functional group tolerance and simplicity of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization enable its use in the preparation of a wide range of functional polymer architectures for a variety of applications, including drug delivery. Given the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in cancer and their dependence on the tyrosine kinase receptor FMS (CSF-1R), the key aim of this work was to achieve effective delivery of an FMS inhibitor to cells using a polymer delivery system. Such a system has the potential to exploit biological features specific to macrophages and therefore provide enhanced selectivity. Building on our prior work, we have prepared RAFT polymers based on a poly(butyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) diblock, which were extended with a hydrophilic block, a cross-linker, and a mannose-based monomer scaffold, exploiting the abundance of macrophage mannose receptors (MMRs, CD206) on the surface of macrophages. We demonstrate that the prepared polymers can be assembled into nanoparticles and are successfully internalized into macrophages, in part, via the MMR (CD206). Finally, we showcase the developed nanoparticles in the delivery of an FMS inhibitor to cells, resulting in inhibition of the FMS receptor. As such, this study lays the groundwork for further drug-delivery studies aimed at specifically targeting TAMs with molecularly targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Rushworth
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.,CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Katherine S Montgomery
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K.,CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cao
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Victoria 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Robert Brown
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Nick J Dibb
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Victoria 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - John Chiefari
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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18
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Nielsen MC, Hvidbjerg Gantzel R, Clària J, Trebicka J, Møller HJ, Grønbæk H. Macrophage Activation Markers, CD163 and CD206, in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051175. [PMID: 32397365 PMCID: PMC7290463 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages facilitate essential homeostatic functions e.g., endocytosis, phagocytosis, and signaling during inflammation, and express a variety of scavenger receptors including CD163 and CD206, which are upregulated in response to inflammation. In healthy individuals, soluble forms of CD163 and CD206 are constitutively shed from macrophages, however, during inflammation pathogen- and damage-associated stimuli induce this shedding. Activation of resident liver macrophages viz. Kupffer cells is part of the inflammatory cascade occurring in acute and chronic liver diseases. We here review the existing literature on sCD163 and sCD206 function and shedding, and potential as biomarkers in acute and chronic liver diseases with a particular focus on Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF). In multiple studies sCD163 and sCD206 are elevated in relation to liver disease severity and established as reliable predictors of morbidity and mortality. However, differences in expression- and shedding-stimuli for CD163 and CD206 may explain dissimilarities in prognostic utility in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis and ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Christina Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (M.C.N.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Rasmus Hvidbjerg Gantzel
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Joan Clària
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), 08021 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (J.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), 08021 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (J.T.)
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (M.C.N.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-21-67-92-81
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19
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Höft MA, Hoving JC, Brown GD. Signaling C-Type Lectin Receptors in Antifungal Immunity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2020; 429:63-101. [PMID: 32936383 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We are all exposed to fungal organisms daily, and although many of these organisms are not harmful, billions of people a year contract a fungal infection. Most of these infections are not fatal and can be cleared by the host immune response. However, due to an increase in high-risk populations, the global fungal burden has increased, with more than 1.5 million deaths per year caused by invasive fungal infections. The fungal cell wall is an important surface for interacting with the host immune system as it contains pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) which are detected as being foreign by the host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). C-type lectin receptors are a group of PRRs that play a central role in the protection against invasive fungal infections. Following the recognition of fungal PAMPs, CLRs trigger various innate and adaptive immune responses. In this chapter, we specifically focus on C-type lectin receptors capable of activating downstream signaling pathways, resulting in protective antifungal immune responses. The current roles that these signaling CLRs play in protection against four of the most prevalent fungal infections affecting humans are reviewed. These include Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans and Pneumocystis jirovecii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine A Höft
- AFGrica Medical Mycology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) at the University of Cape Town, Werner & Beit South Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Claire Hoving
- AFGrica Medical Mycology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) at the University of Cape Town, Werner & Beit South Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, EX4 4QD, Exeter, UK.
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20
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Huang L, Shen M, Morris GA, Xie J. Sulfated polysaccharides: Immunomodulation and signaling mechanisms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Merlino G, Fiascarelli A, Bigioni M, Bressan A, Carrisi C, Bellarosa D, Salerno M, Bugianesi R, Manno R, Bernadó Morales C, Arribas J, Dusek RL, Ackroyd JE, Pham PH, Awdew R, Aud D, Trang M, Lynch CM, Terrett J, Wilson KE, Rohlff C, Manzini S, Pellacani A, Binaschi M. MEN1309/OBT076, a First-In-Class Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting CD205 in Solid Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1533-1543. [PMID: 31227646 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD205 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and is a member of the C-type lectin receptor family. Analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that CD205 was robustly expressed and highly prevalent in a variety of solid malignancies from different histotypes. IHC confirmed the increased expression of CD205 in pancreatic, bladder, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared with that in the corresponding normal tissues. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, rapid internalization of the CD205 antigen was observed. These results supported the development of MEN1309/OBT076, a fully humanized CD205-targeting mAb conjugated to DM4, a potent maytansinoid derivate, via a cleavable N-succinimidyl-4-(2-pyridyldithio) butanoate linker. MEN1309/OBT076 was characterized in vitro for target binding affinity, mechanism of action, and cytotoxic activity against a panel of cancer cell lines. MEN1309/OBT076 displayed selective and potent cytotoxic effects against tumor cells exhibiting strong and low to moderate CD205 expression. In vivo, MEN1309/OBT076 showed potent antitumor activity resulting in durable responses and complete tumor regressions in many TNBC, pancreatic, and bladder cancer cell line-derived and patient-derived xenograft models, independent of antigen expression levels. Finally, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic profile of MEN1309/OBT076 was characterized in pancreatic tumor-bearing mice, demonstrating that the serum level of antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) achieved through dosing was consistent with the kinetics of its antitumor activity. Overall, our data demonstrate that MEN1309/OBT076 is a novel and selective ADC with potent activity against CD205-positive tumors. These data supported the clinical development of MEN1309/OBT076, and further evaluation of this ADC is currently ongoing in the first-in-human SHUTTLE clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Merlino
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessio Fiascarelli
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Bigioni
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bressan
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Carrisi
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Bellarosa
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Salerno
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossana Bugianesi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Menarini Ricerche, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Bernadó Morales
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall D'Hebron, Institute of Oncology and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncologia (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Arribas
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall D'Hebron, Institute of Oncology and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncologia (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rahel Awdew
- Oxford BioTherapeutics, Ltd., Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Dee Aud
- Oxford BioTherapeutics, Ltd., Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Trang
- Oxford BioTherapeutics, Ltd., Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Monica Binaschi
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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22
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Zhou Q, Qiu H. The Mechanistic Impact of N-Glycosylation on Stability, Pharmacokinetics, and Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Proteins. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:1366-1377. [PMID: 30471292 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is one of major post-translational modifications in nature, and it is essential for protein structure and function. As hydrophilic moieties of glycoproteins, N-glycans play important roles in protein stability. They protect the proteins against proteolytic degradation, aggregation, and thermal denaturation through maintaining optimal conformations. There are extensive evidences showing the involvement of N-glycans in the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of recombinant therapeutic proteins and antibodies. Highly sialylated complex-type glycans enable the longer serum half-lives of proteins against uptake through hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor and mannose receptor for degradation in lysosomes. Moreover, the presence of nonhuman glycans results in clearance through pre-existing antibodies from serum and induces IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. N-glycans also facilitate or reduce the adverse immune responses of the proteins through interacting with multiple glycan-binding proteins, including those specific for mannose or mannose 6-phosphate. Due to the glycan impacts, a few therapeutic proteins were glycoengineered to improve the pharmacokinetics and stability. Thus, N-glycosylation should be extensively investigated and optimized for each individual protein for better efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Biologics Research, Sanofi, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701.
| | - Huawei Qiu
- Biologics Research, Sanofi, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701
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Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease that affects approximately 300 million people worldwide, largely in developed countries. The etiology of the disease is poorly understood, but is likely to involve specific innate and adaptive responses to inhaled microbial components that are found in allergens. Fungal-derived allergens represent a major contributing factor in the initiation, persistence, exacerbation, and severity of allergic asthma. C-type lectin like receptors, such as dectin-1, dectin-2, DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin, and mannose receptor, recognize many fungal-derived allergens and other structurally similar allergens derived from house dust mites (HDM). In some cases, the fungal derived allergens have been structurally and functionally identified alongside their respective receptors in both humans and mice. In this review, we discuss recent understanding on how selected fungal and HDM derived allergens as well as their known or unknown receptors shape allergic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabelo Hadebe
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Aberdeen AFGrica Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Harasimczuk E, Øvergård AC, Grotmol S, Nilsen F, Dalvin S. Characterization of three salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) genes with fibronectin II domains expressed by tegumental type 1 glands. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2017; 219:1-9. [PMID: 29246806 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae), is currently the most significant pathogen affecting the salmon farming industry in the Northern Hemisphere. Exocrine glands of blood-feeding parasites are believed to be important for the host-parasite interaction, but also in the production of substances for integument lubrication and antifouling. In L. salmonis; however, we have limited knowledge about the exocrine glands. The aim of this study was therefore to examine three genes containing fibronectin type II (FNII) domains expressed in L. salmonis tegumental type 1 (teg 1) glands, namely LsFNII1, 2 and 3. LsFNII1, 2 and 3 contains four, three, and two FNII domains respectively. Sequence alignment of LsFNII domains showed conservation of amino acids that may indicate a possible involvement of LsFNII domains in collagen binding. Ontogenetic analysis of LsFNII1, 2 and 3 revealed highest expression in pre-adult and adult lice. Localization of LsFNII1, 2 and 3 transcripts showed expression in teg 1 glands only, which are the most abundant exocrine gland type in L. salmonis. LsFNII1, 2 and 3 were successfully knocked-down by RNAi, however, alteration in gland morphology was not detected between the knock-down and control groups. Overall, this study gives first insight into FNII domain containing proteins in L. salmonis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Harasimczuk
- SLCR Sea Lice Research Center, Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Aina-Cathrine Øvergård
- SLRC Sea Lice Research Center, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Sindre Grotmol
- SLRC Sea Lice Research Center, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Frank Nilsen
- SLRC Sea Lice Research Center, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Sussie Dalvin
- SLCR Sea Lice Research Center, Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
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Chen J, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Gao Y. Glycyrrhetinic Acid Liposomes Containing Mannose-Diester Lauric Diacid-Cholesterol Conjugate Synthesized by Lipase-Catalytic Acylation for Liver-Specific Delivery. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101598. [PMID: 28946644 PMCID: PMC6151824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannose-diester lauric diacid-cholesterol (Man-DLD-Chol), as a liposomal target ligand, was synthesized by lipase catalyzed in a non-aqueous medium. Its chemical structure was confirmed by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) liposomes containing Man-DLD-Chol (Man-DLD-Chol-GA-Lp) were prepared by the film-dispersion method. We evaluated the characterizations of liposomes, drug-release in vitro, the hemolytic test, cellular uptake, pharmacokinetics, and the tissue distributions. The cellular uptake in vitro suggested that the uptake of Man-DLD-Chol-modified liposomes was significantly higher than that of unmodified liposomes in HepG2 cells. Pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that Man-DLD-Chol-GA-Lp was eliminated more rapidly than GA-Lp. In tissue distributions, the targeting efficiency (Te) of Man-DLD-Chol-GA-Lp on liver was 54.67%, relative targeting efficiency (RTe) was 3.39, relative uptake rate (Re) was 4.78, and peak concentration ratio (Ce) was 3.46. All these results supported the hypothesis that Man-DLD-Chol would be an efficient liposomal carrier, and demonstrated that Man-DLD-Chol-GA-Lp has potential as a drug delivery for liver-targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Shool of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yuchao Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510115, China.
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Postdoctoral Programme, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yi Cheng
- Shool of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Youheng Gao
- Shool of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Abstract
Lectins recognize a diverse array of carbohydrate structures and perform numerous essential biological functions. Here we focus on only two families of lectins, the Siglecs and C-type lectins. Triggering of intracellular signaling cascades following ligand recognition by these receptors can have profound effects on the induction and modulation of immunity. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of each family and then focus on selected examples that highlight how these lectins can influence myeloid cell functioning in health and disease. Receptors that are discussed include Sn (Siglec-1), CD33 (Siglec-3), and Siglec-5, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11, -14, -15, -E, -F, and -G as well as Dectin-1, MICL, Dectin-2, Mincle/MCL, and the macrophage mannose receptor.
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27
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Subcellular Trafficking of Mammalian Lysosomal Proteins: An Extended View. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010047. [PMID: 28036022 PMCID: PMC5297682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes clear macromolecules, maintain nutrient and cholesterol homeostasis, participate in tissue repair, and in many other cellular functions. To assume these tasks, lysosomes rely on their large arsenal of acid hydrolases, transmembrane proteins and membrane-associated proteins. It is therefore imperative that, post-synthesis, these proteins are specifically recognized as lysosomal components and are correctly sorted to this organelle through the endosomes. Lysosomal transmembrane proteins contain consensus motifs in their cytosolic regions (tyrosine- or dileucine-based) that serve as sorting signals to the endosomes, whereas most lysosomal acid hydrolases acquire mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) moieties that mediate binding to two membrane receptors with endosomal sorting motifs in their cytosolic tails. These tyrosine- and dileucine-based motifs are tickets for boarding in clathrin-coated carriers that transport their cargo from the trans-Golgi network and plasma membrane to the endosomes. However, increasing evidence points to additional mechanisms participating in the biogenesis of lysosomes. In some cell types, for example, there are alternatives to the Man-6-P receptors for the transport of some acid hydrolases. In addition, several “non-consensus” sorting motifs have been identified, and atypical transport routes to endolysosomes have been brought to light. These “unconventional” or “less known” transport mechanisms are the focus of this review.
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28
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Jiang P, Yuan L, Huang G, Wang X, Li X, Jiao L, Zhang L. Structural properities and immunoenhancement of an exopolysaccharide produced by Phellinus pini. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:566-571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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C-type lectin receptors in tuberculosis: what we know. Med Microbiol Immunol 2016; 205:513-535. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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30
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Zeng Z, Dai S, Jiao Y, Jiang L, Zhao Y, Wang B, Zong L. Mannosylated protamine as a novel DNA vaccine carrier for effective induction of anti-tumor immune responses. Int J Pharm 2016; 506:394-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Sedaghat B, Stephenson RJ, Giddam AK, Eskandari S, Apte SH, Pattinson DJ, Doolan DL, Toth I. Synthesis of Mannosylated Lipopeptides with Receptor Targeting Properties. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:533-48. [PMID: 26735314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Present on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs), the mannose receptor (MR) has long been recognized as a front-line receptor in pathogen recognition. During the past decade many attempts have been made to target this receptor for applications including vaccine and drug development. In the present study, a library of vaccine constructs comprising fluorescently labeled mannosylated lipid-dendrimers that contained the ovalbumin CD4(+) epitope, OVA(323-339), as the model peptide antigen were synthesized using fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The vaccine constructs were designed with an alanine spacer between the O-linked mannose moieties to investigate the impact of distance between the mannose units on receptor-mediated uptake and/or binding in APCs. Uptake studies performed on F4/80(+) and CD11c(+) cells showed significant uptake and/or binding for lipopeptides containing mannose, and also the lipopeptide without mannose when compared to the control peptides (peptide with no lipid and peptide with no mannose and no lipid). Furthermore, mannan inhibition assays demonstrated that uptake of the mannosylated and lipidated peptides was receptor mediated. To address the specificity of receptor uptake, surface plasmon resonance studies were performed using biacore technology and confirmed high affinity of the mannosylated and lipidated vaccine constructs toward the MR. These studies confirm that both mannose and lipid moieties play significant roles in receptor-mediated uptake on APCs, potentially facilitating vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simon H Apte
- Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - David J Pattinson
- Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland , Woolloongabba, Queensland 4012, Australia
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Abstract
The composition and functions of the secreted proteome are controlled by the life spans of different proteins. However, unlike intracellular protein fate, intrinsic factors determining secreted protein aging and turnover have not been identified and characterized. Almost all secreted proteins are posttranslationally modified with the covalent attachment of N-glycans. We have discovered an intrinsic mechanism of secreted protein aging and turnover linked to the stepwise elimination of saccharides attached to the termini of N-glycans. Endogenous glycosidases, including neuraminidase 1 (Neu1), neuraminidase 3 (Neu3), beta-galactosidase 1 (Glb1), and hexosaminidase B (HexB), possess hydrolytic activities that temporally remodel N-glycan structures, progressively exposing different saccharides with increased protein age. Subsequently, endocytic lectins with distinct binding specificities, including the Ashwell-Morell receptor, integrin αM, and macrophage mannose receptor, are engaged in N-glycan ligand recognition and the turnover of secreted proteins. Glycosidase inhibition and lectin deficiencies increased protein life spans and abundance, and the basal rate of N-glycan remodeling varied among distinct proteins, accounting for differences in their life spans. This intrinsic multifactorial mechanism of secreted protein aging and turnover contributes to health and the outcomes of disease.
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Li HS, Singh B, Park TE, Hong ZS, Kang SK, Cho CS, Choi YJ. Mannan-decorated thiolated Eudragit microspheres for targeting antigen presenting cells via nasal vaccination. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 80:16-25. [PMID: 26415829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal vaccination of protein as an antigen requires appropriate delivery or adjuvant systems to deliver antigen to mucosal immune cells efficiently and generate valid immune responses. For successful nasal immunization, the obstacles imposed by the normal process of mucociliary clearance which limits residence time of applied antigens and low antigen delivery to antigen presenting cells (APCs) in nasal associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) need to be overcome for the efficient vaccination. Here, we prepared mucoadhesive and mannan-decorated thiolated Eudragit microspheres (Man-TEM) as a nasal vaccine carrier to overcome the limitations. Mucoadhesive thiolated Eudragit (TE) were decorated with mannan for targeting mannose receptors (MR) in antigen presenting cells (APCs) to obtain efficient immune responses. The potential adjuvant ability of Man-TEM for intranasal immunization was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In mechanistic study using APCs in vitro, we obtained that Man-TEM enhanced the receptor-mediated endocytosis by stimulating the MR receptors of APCs. The nasal vaccination of OVA-loaded Man-TEM in mice showed higher levels of serum IgG and mucosal sIgA than the soluble OVA group due to the specific recognition of MR of APCs by the mannan in the Man-TEM. These results suggest that mucoadhesive and Man-TEM may be a promising candidate for nasal vaccine delivery system to elicit systemic and mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Shan Li
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
| | - Zhong-Shan Hong
- Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300-384, China
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun 232-916, South Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea.
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea; Department of Animal Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300-384, China.
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34
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Implication of fructans in health: immunomodulatory and antioxidant mechanisms. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:289267. [PMID: 25961072 PMCID: PMC4417592 DOI: 10.1155/2015/289267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that fructans, a soluble dietary fiber, are beneficial to human health and offer a promising approach for the treatment of some diseases. Fructans are nonreducing carbohydrates composed of fructosyl units and terminated by a single glucose molecule. These carbohydrates may be straight or branched with varying degrees of polymerization. Additionally, fructans are resistant to hydrolysis by human digestive enzymes but can be fermented by the colonic microbiota to produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolic by-products that possess immunomodulatory activity. The indirect role of fructans in stimulating probiotic growth is one of the mechanisms through which fructans exert their prebiotic activity and improve health or ameliorate disease. However, a more direct mechanism for fructan activity has recently been suggested; fructans may interact with immune cells in the intestinal lumen to modulate immune responses in the body. Fructans are currently being studied for their potential as “ROS scavengers” that benefit intestinal epithelial cells by improving their redox environment. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of fructans interaction with the intestinal immune system, the gut microbiota, and other components of the intestinal lumen to provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying the effects of fructans on health and disease.
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35
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Jain R, Dandekar P, Loretz B, Koch M, Lehr CM. Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer-siRNA nanoparticles for silencing a therapeutically relevant gene in macrophages. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00490f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DMC nanoparticles target Bfl1/A1 gene in lung macrophages and effective silencing of Bfl1/A1 gene by DMC nanoparticles paves the way for research on alternative treatment strategies for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- NP Marg
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- NP Marg
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL)
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)
- Campus A4 1
- Saarland University
- Saarbrücken
| | - Marcus Koch
- Innovative Electron Microscopy
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials
- Service Group Physical Analysis
- Campus D2 2
- Saarland University
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL)
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)
- Campus A4 1
- Saarland University
- Saarbrücken
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36
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Staines K, Hunt LG, Young JR, Butter C. Evolution of an expanded mannose receptor gene family. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110330. [PMID: 25390371 PMCID: PMC4229073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequences of peptides from a protein specifically immunoprecipitated by an antibody, KUL01, that recognises chicken macrophages, identified a homologue of the mammalian mannose receptor, MRC1, which we called MRC1L-B. Inspection of the genomic environment of the chicken gene revealed an array of five paralogous genes, MRC1L-A to MRC1L-E, located between conserved flanking genes found either side of the single MRC1 gene in mammals. Transcripts of all five genes were detected in RNA from a macrophage cell line and other RNAs, whose sequences allowed the precise definition of spliced exons, confirming or correcting existing bioinformatic annotation. The confirmed gene structures were used to locate orthologues of all five genes in the genomes of two other avian species and of the painted turtle, all with intact coding sequences. The lizard genome had only three genes, one orthologue of MRC1L-A and two orthologues of the MRC1L-B antigen gene resulting from a recent duplication. The Xenopus genome, like that of most mammals, had only a single MRC1-like gene at the corresponding locus. MRC1L-A and MRC1L-B genes had similar cytoplasmic regions that may be indicative of similar subcellular migration and functions. Cytoplasmic regions of the other three genes were very divergent, possibly indicating the evolution of a new functional repertoire for this family of molecules, which might include novel interactions with pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Colin Butter
- The Pirbright Institute, Compton, United Kingdom
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37
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Zhan X, Jia L, Niu Y, Qi H, Chen X, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wang Y, Dong L, Wang C. Targeted depletion of tumour-associated macrophages by an alendronate-glucomannan conjugate for cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2014; 35:10046-57. [PMID: 25245263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a set of macrophages residing in the tumour microenvironment. They play essential roles in mediating tumour angiogenesis, metastasis and immune evasion. Delivery of therapeutic agents to eliminate TAMs can be a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy but an efficient vehicle to target these cells is still in pressing need. In this study, we developed a bisphosphonate-glucomannan conjugate that could efficiently target and specifically eliminate TAMs in the tumour microenvironment. We employed the polysaccharide from Bletilla striata (BSP), a glucomannan affinitive for macrophages that express abundant mannose receptors, to conjugate alendronate (ALN), a bisphosphonate compound with in vitro macrophage-inhibiting activities. In both in vitro and in vivo tests, the prepared ALN-BSP conjugate could preferentially accumulate in macrophages and induced them into apoptosis. In the subcutaneous S180 tumour-bearing mice model, the treatment using ALN-BSP effectively eliminated TAMs, remarkably inhibited angiogenesis, recovered local immune surveillance, and eventually suppressed tumour progression, without eliciting any unwanted effect such as systematic immune response. Interestingly, ALN alone failed to exhibit any anti-TAM activity in vivo, probably because this compound was susceptible to the mildly acidic tumour microenvironment. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of ALN-BSP as a safe and efficient tool targeted at direct depletion of TAMs for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lixin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiming Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Haixia Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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38
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Devarajan PV, Jain S, Dutta R. Infectious Diseases: Need for Targeted Drug Delivery. TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY : CONCEPTS AND DESIGN 2014. [PMCID: PMC7122176 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide, with the constant fear of global epidemics. It is indeed an irony that the reticuloendothelial system (RES), the body’s major defence system, is the primary site for intracellular infections which are more difficult to treat. Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages play an important role in defence. However, ingenious pathogen survival mechanisms including phagolysosome destruction enable their persistence. Microbial biofilms present additional challenges. Low intracellular drug concentrations, drug efflux by efflux pumps and/or enzymatic degradation, emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR), are serious limitations of conventional therapy. Targeted delivery using nanocarriers, and passive and active targeting strategies could provide quantum increase in intracellular drug concentration. Receptor mediated endocytosis using appropriate ligands is a viable approach. Liposomes and polymeric/lipidic nanoparticles, dendrimers micelles and micro/nanoemulsions could all be relied upon. Specialised targeting approaches are demonstrated for important diseases like tuberculosis, HIV and Malaria. Application of targeted delivery in the treatment of veterinary infections is exemplified and future possibilities indicated. The chapter thus provides an overview on important aspects of infectious diseases and the challenges therein, while stressing on the promise of targeted drug delivery in augmenting therapy of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma V. Devarajan
- grid.44871.3e0000000106680201Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- grid.419631.8000000008877852XNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mohali, Punjab India
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Molecular cloning and expression analysis of mannose receptor in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4601-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lepenies B, Lee J, Sonkaria S. Targeting C-type lectin receptors with multivalent carbohydrate ligands. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1271-81. [PMID: 23727341 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) represent a large receptor family including collectins, selectins, lymphocyte lectins, and proteoglycans. CLRs share a structurally homologous carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) and often bind carbohydrates in a Ca²⁺-dependent manner. In innate immunity, CLRs serve as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and bind to the glycan structures of pathogens and also to self-antigens. In nature, the low affinity of CLR/carbohydrate interactions is overcome by multivalent ligand presentation at the surface of cells or pathogens. Thus, multivalency is a promising strategy for targeting CLR-expressing cells and, indeed, carbohydrate-based targeting approaches have been employed for a number of CLRs, including asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in the liver, or DC-SIGN expressed by dendritic cells. Since CLR engagement not only mediates endocytosis but also influences intracellular signaling pathways, CLR targeting may allow for cell-specific drug delivery and also the modulation of cellular functions. Glyconanoparticles, glycodendrimers, and glycoliposomes were successfully used as tools for CLR-specific targeting. This review will discuss different approaches for multivalent CLR ligand presentation and aims to highlight how CLR targeting has been employed for cell specific drug delivery. Major emphasis is directed towards targeting of CLRs expressed by antigen-presenting cells to modulate immune responses.
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Li P, Chen S, Jiang Y, Jiang J, Zhang Z, Sun X. Dendritic cell targeted liposomes-protamine-DNA complexes mediated by synthetic mannosylated cholesterol as a potential carrier for DNA vaccine. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:295101. [PMID: 23799649 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/29/295101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To construct mannosylated liposomes/protamine/DNA (LPD) carriers for DNA vaccine targeting to dendritic cells (DCs), a mannosylated cholesterol derivative (Man-C6-Chol) was synthesized via simple ester linkage and amide bonds. Then, the Man-C6-Chol was applied to LPD formulation as a synthetic ligand. The physicochemical properties of mannosylated LPD (Man-LPD) were first evaluated, including the size and zeta potential, morphology and the ability to protect DNA against DNase I degradation. Man-LPD showed a small size with a stable viral-like structure. In comparison to non-mannose liposomes/LPD (Man-free liposomes/LPD), mannosylated liposomes/LPD (Man-liposomes/Man-LPD) exhibited higher efficiency in both intracellular uptake (2.3-fold) and transfection (4.5-fold) in vitro. Subsequent MTT assays indicated that the LPD carriers had low toxicity on the tested cells. Afterwards, the investigation into the maturation activation on primary bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) showed that both Man-LPD and Man-free LPD induced remarkable up-regulation of CD80, CD86 and CD40 on BMDCs. Inspired by these studies, we can conclude that the synthetic mannosylated LPD targeting to DCs was a potential carrier for DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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Yang S, Vigerust DJ, Shepherd VL. Interaction of members of the heat shock protein-70 family with the macrophage mannose receptor. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:529-36. [PMID: 23345393 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrophage MR has been the subject of investigation for over 20 years, and several important physiological functions have been described. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate MR signaling and trafficking during these processes still remain elusive. The focus of the current paper was to identify potential cellular MR-interacting proteins. An initial screen of binding proteins in MR-expressing cells was performed using coimmunoprecipitation, followed by identification of matching peptide sequences using proteomics and MS. The major class of binding proteins identified belonged to the heat shock family of proteins. The specific interaction of the MR with HSP70 family members was validated by Western blot analysis, ligand binding assays, and intracellular colocalization using confocal microscopy. Additional studies indicated that inhibition of the HSP BiP by treatment of cells with EGCG reduced BiP interaction with and surface expression of the MR. Studies of possible motifs within the cytoplasmic tail of the receptor suggested that a juxtamembrane dibasic sequence may contribute to the interaction with BiP. These findings suggest that the molecular association of the MR with HSP70 family members via the receptor cytoplasmic tail may contribute to MR trafficking in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungchan Yang
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Cunningham AL, Harman A, Kim M, Nasr N, Lai J. Immunobiology of dendritic cells and the influence of HIV infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 762:1-44. [PMID: 22975870 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4433-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in phenotyping of human dendritic cells (DCs) has allowed a closer alignment of the classification and functions of murine and human dendritic cell subsets. Marked differences in the functions of these human DC subsets and their response to HIV infection have become apparent, relevant to HIV pathogenesis and vaccine and microbicide development. Systems biology approaches to studying HIV uptake and infection of dendritic cells has revealed how markedly HIV subverts their functions, especially in relation to the trafficking pathways and viral transfer to T cells. Furthermore the interactions between DCs and other innate immune cells, NK cells, NKT cells and gamma delta T cells are now known to influence DC and T cell function and are also disturbed by HIV infection in vitro and in vivo. Such cellular interactions are potential targets for vaccine adjuvants and immunotherapy.
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Abhinav KV, Sharma A, Vijayan M. Identification of mycobacterial lectins from genomic data. Proteins 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.24219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Menschikowski M, Platzbecker U, Hagelgans A, Vogel M, Thiede C, Schönefeldt C, Lehnert R, Eisenhofer G, Siegert G. Aberrant methylation of the M-type phospholipase A(2) receptor gene in leukemic cells. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:576. [PMID: 23217014 PMCID: PMC3561142 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) plays a crucial role in several signaling pathways and may act as tumor-suppressor. This study examined the expression and methylation of the PLA2R1 gene in Jurkat and U937 leukemic cell lines and its methylation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute leukemia. Methods Sites of methylation of the PLA2R1 locus were identified by sequencing bisulfite-modified DNA fragments. Methylation specific-high resolution melting (MS-HRM) analysis was then carried out to quantify PLA2R1 methylation at 5`-CpG sites identified with differences in methylation between healthy control subjects and leukemic patients using sequencing of bisulfite-modified genomic DNA. Results Expression of PLA2R1 was found to be completely down-regulated in Jurkat and U937 cells, accompanied by complete methylation of PLA2R1 promoter and down-stream regions; PLA2R1 was re-expressed after exposure of cells to 5-aza-2´-deoxycytidine. MS-HRM analysis of the PLA2R1 locus in patients with different types of leukemia indicated an average methylation of 28.9% ± 17.8%, compared to less than 9% in control subjects. In MDS patients the extent of PLA2R1 methylation significantly increased with disease risk. Furthermore, measurements of PLA2R1 methylation appeared useful for predicting responsiveness to the methyltransferase inhibitor, azacitidine, as a pre-emptive treatment to avoid hematological relapse in patients with high-risk MDS or acute myeloid leukemia. Conclusions The study shows for the first time that PLA2R1 gene sequences are a target of hypermethylation in leukemia, which may have pathophysiological relevance for disease evolution in MDS and leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Menschikowski
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Sørensen KK, McCourt P, Berg T, Crossley C, Le Couteur D, Wake K, Smedsrød B. The scavenger endothelial cell: a new player in homeostasis and immunity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 303:R1217-30. [PMID: 23076875 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00686.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To maintain homeostasis, the animal body is equipped with a powerful system to remove circulating waste. This review presents evidence that the scavenger endothelial cell (SEC) is responsible for the clearance of blood-borne waste macromolecules in vertebrates. SECs express pattern-recognition endocytosis receptors (mannose and scavenger receptors), and in mammals, the endocytic Fc gamma-receptor IIb2. This cell type has an endocytic machinery capable of super-efficient uptake and degradation of physiological and foreign waste material, including all major classes of biological macromolecules. In terrestrial vertebrates, most SECs line the wall of the liver sinusoid. In phylogenetically older vertebrates, SECs reside instead in heart, kidney, or gills. SECs, thus, by virtue of their efficient nonphagocytic elimination of physiological and microbial substances, play a critical role in the innate immunity of vertebrates. In major invertebrate phyla, including insects, the same function is carried out by nephrocytes. The concept of a dual-cell principle of waste clearance is introduced to emphasize that professional phagocytes (macrophages in vertebrates; hemocytes in invertebrates) eliminate larger particles (>0.5 μm) by phagocytosis, whereas soluble macromolecules and smaller particles are eliminated efficiently and preferentially by clathrin-mediated endocytosis in nonphagocytic SECs in vertebrates or nephrocytes in invertebrates. Including these cells as important players in immunology and physiology provides an additional basis for understanding host defense and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Kristine Sørensen
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Sørensen ALT, Clausen H, Wandall HH. Carbohydrate clearance receptors in transfusion medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1797-808. [PMID: 22846227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex carbohydrates play important functions for circulation of proteins and cells. They provide protective shields and refraction from non-specific interactions with negative charges from sialic acids to enhance circulatory half-life. For recombinant protein therapeutics carbohydrates are especially important to enhance size and reduce glomerular filtration loss. Carbohydrates are, however, also ligands for a large number of carbohydrate-binding lectins exposed to the circulatory system that serve as scavenger receptors for the innate immune system, or have more specific roles in targeting of glycoproteins and cells. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we provide an overview of the common lectin receptors that play roles for circulating glycoproteins and cells, and present a discussion of ways to engineer glycosylation of recombinant biologics and cells to improve therapeutic effects. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS While the pharmaceutical industry has learned how to exploit carbohydrates to improve pharmacokinetic properties of recombinant therapeutics, our understanding of how to improve cell-based therapies by manipulation of complex carbohydrates is still at its infancy. Progress with the latter has recently been achieved with cold-stored platelets, where exposure of uncapped glycans lead to rapid clearance from circulation by several lectin-mediated pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding lectin-mediated clearance pathways is essential for progress in development of biological pharmaceuticals.
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Investigations into an alternate approach to target mannose receptors on macrophages using 4-sulfated N-acetyl galactosamine more efficiently in comparison with mannose-decorated liposomes: an application in drug delivery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:468-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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C-type lectin receptors and cytokines in fungal immunity. Cytokine 2012; 58:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Antiviral immune responses by human langerhans cells and dendritic cells in HIV-1 infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 762:45-70. [PMID: 22975871 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4433-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The main route of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection is via unprotected sexual intercourse, and therefore, vaginal tissues and male foreskin are viral entry sites. Langerhans cells (LCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) are amongst the first immune cells encountering HIV-1 since these cells line these mucosal tissues. Both LCs and DCs are equipped with specific pattern recognition receptors that not only sense pathogens, but induce specific immune responses against these pathogens. LCs express the C-type lectin receptor langerin, which provides protection against HIV-1 infection. In contrast, DCs express the C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN, which facilitates capture as well as infection of DCs and subsequent transmission to CD4(+) T cells. This chapter gives an update on immune responses elicited against viruses and sheds a light on different immune mechanisms that are hijacked by HIV-1 to infect the host. HIV-1 infection ultimately leads to the worldwide pandemic acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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