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Plant growth regulators from mushrooms. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:657-665. [PMID: 32684620 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plants interact with fungi in their natural growing environments, and relationships between plants and diverse fungal species impact plants in complex symbiotic, parasitic, and pathogenic ways. Over the past 10 years, we have intensively investigated plant growth regulators produced by mushrooms, and we succeeded in finding various regulators from mushroom-forming fungi: (1) fairy chemicals as a candidate family of new plant hormones from Lepista sordida, (2) agrocybynes A to E from fungus Agrocybe praecox that stimulate strawberry growth, (3) armillariols A to C and sesquiterpene aryl esters from genus Armillaria that are allelopathic and cause Arimillaria root disease, and (4) other plant growth regulators from other mushrooms, such as Stropharia rugosoannulata, Tricholoma flavovirens, Hericium erinaceus, Leccinum extremiorientale, Russula vinosa, Pholiota lubrica and Cortinarius caperatus.
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2
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Choi JH, Matsuzaki N, Wu J, Kotajima M, Hirai H, Kondo M, Asakawa T, Inai M, Ouchi H, Kan T, Kawagishi H. Ribosides and Ribotide of a Fairy Chemical, Imidazole-4-carboxamide, as Its Metabolites in Rice. Org Lett 2019; 21:7841-7845. [PMID: 31518147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of imidazole-4-carboxamide (ICA) in plants has been unknown. Two metabolites (1 and 2) were isolated from ICA-treated rice, and their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis including the single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique and synthesis. The ribotide of ICA (3), whose existence was predicted, was also synthesized and detected from the treated rice by LC-MS/MS. These results indicated that rice might interconvert ICA, 1, and 3 to regulate the biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Choi
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529 , Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529 , Japan
| | - Nobuo Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529 , Japan
| | - Jing Wu
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529 , Japan
| | - Mihaya Kotajima
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529 , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirai
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529 , Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529 , Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kondo
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529 , Japan
| | - Tomohiro Asakawa
- Tokai University Institute of Innovative Science and Technology , 4-1-1 Kitakaname , Hiratsuka City , Kanagawa 259-1292 , Japan
| | - Makoto Inai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526 , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ouchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526 , Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526 , Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kawagishi
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529 , Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529 , Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529 , Japan
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Choi JH, Wu J, Sawada A, Takeda S, Takemura H, Yogosawa K, Hirai H, Kondo M, Sugimoto K, Asakawa T, Inai M, Kan T, Kawagishi H. N-Glucosides of Fairy Chemicals, 2-Azahypoxanthine and 2-Aza-8-oxohypoxanthine, in Rice. Org Lett 2017; 20:312-314. [PMID: 29235343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth stimulators, 2-azahypoxanthine (AHX) and 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine (AOH), were isolated from the fairy-ring-forming fungus, Lepista sordida, and AHX-treated rice, respectively. Further metabolites of AHX were detected in AHX-treated rice by HPLC, and the metabolites 1-4 were isolated from the rice. The structures of 1-4 were determined by spectroscopic analysis and synthesis. Compounds 1-4 exhibited no significant activity against rice, indicating that rice regulates the activity of AHX and AOH by converting them into their glucosides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kunihisa Sugimoto
- Research & Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute , 1-1-1 Koto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Asakawa
- Tokai University Institute of Innovative Science and Technology , 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka City, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Makoto Inai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Houba-Hérin N, Pethe C, d'Alayer J, Laloue M. Cytokinin oxidase from Zea mays: purification, cDNA cloning and expression in moss protoplasts. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1999; 17:615-26. [PMID: 10230061 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins are degraded by cytokinin oxidases (CKOs) which catalyse cleavage of the N6-(isopent-2-enyl)-side chain resulting in formation of adenine-type compounds. CKO activity has been recorded in many plants and is thought to play a key role in controlling cytokinin levels in plants. Several partially purified CKOs have been characterised but no genes have been isolated yet. CKO activity is known to be inhibited by phenylureas, cytokinin agonists. We used 1-(2-azido-6-chloropyrid-4-yl)-3-(4-[3H])phenylurea ([3H]-azidoCPPU) to photolabel a glycosylated CKO from maize kernels. This enabled us to purify the enzyme. Peptide sequences were determined and the corresponding cDNA was cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence shares homology domains with FAD-dependent oxidases. An original assay based on transient expression of the enzyme in moss protoplasts allowed the functionality of the recombinant enzyme to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Houba-Hérin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire INRA, Vèrsailles, France
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