Transmission of the cytochrome c structural gene in horse-donkey crosses

Double-edged sword in cells: chemical biology studies of the vital role of cytochrome c in the intrinsic pre-apoptotic mitochondria leakage pathway

Besides functioning as an electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, cytochrome c (cyt c) is also one of the determinants in the execution of cell death.

Transglutaminase-catalysed incorporation of putrescine into denatured cytochrome. Preparation of a mono-substituted derivative reactive with cytochrome c oxidase

Guinea pig liver transglutaminase has been used to incorporate putrescine into horse heart cytochrome c. The native protein showed essentially no incorporation, while ethanol-denatured cytochrome c incorporated almost 1 mol putrescine per mol protein. No increase in this level of modification was obtained when maleylated cytochrome c and the tryptic peptides of cytochrome c were used as substrates. Analysis of the modified ethanol-denatured cytochrome c by tryptic cleavage and peptide isolation showed that glutamine-42 of the intact protein is the site of incorporation of radioactively labelled putrescine. Ethanol-denatured cytochrome c that was specifically modified at glutamine-42 by incorporated of putrescine could be readily renatured. The renatured modified protein showed reactivity with cytochrome c oxidase comparable to that of the original native protein.