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Betzenbichler G, Huber L, Kräh S, Morkos MLK, Siegle AF, Trapp O. Chiral stationary phases and applications in gas chromatography. Chirality 2022; 34:732-759. [PMID: 35315953 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chiral compounds are ubiquitous in nature and play a pivotal role in biochemical processes, in chiroptical materials and applications, and as chiral drugs. The analysis and determination of the enantiomeric ratio (er) of chiral compounds is of enormous scientific, industrial, and economic importance. Chiral separation techniques and methods have become indispensable tools to separate chiral compounds into their enantiomers on an analytical as well on a preparative level to obtain enantiopure compounds. Chiral gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography have paved the way and fostered several research areas, that is, asymmetric synthesis and catalysis in organic, medicinal, pharmaceutical, and supramolecular chemistry. The development of highly enantioselective chiral stationary phases was essential. In particular, the elucidation and understanding of the underlying enantioselective supramolecular separation mechanisms led to the design of new chiral stationary phases. This review article focuses on the development of chiral stationary phases for gas chromatography. The fundamental mechanisms of the recognition and separation of enantiomers and the selectors and chiral stationary phases used in chiral gas chromatography are presented. An overview over syntheses and applications of these chiral stationary phases is presented as a practical guidance for enantioselective separation of chiral compound classes and substances by gas chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Huber
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kräh
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alexander F Siegle
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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2
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Sheridan R, Schafer W, Piras P, Zawatzky K, Sherer EC, Roussel C, Welch CJ. Toward structure-based predictive tools for the selection of chiral stationary phases for the chromatographic separation of enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:206-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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Aniceto JP, Cardoso SP, Silva CM. General optimization strategy of simulated moving bed units through design of experiments and response surface methodologies. Comput Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Dixit S, Dubey R, Bhushan R. Normal and polar-organic-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioresolution of omeprazole, rabeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole using monochloro-methylated cellulose-based chiral stationary phase and determination of dexrabeprazole. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:112-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Dixit
- Department of Chemistry; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan 712-749 South Korea
| | - Rituraj Dubey
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng-Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247667 India
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5
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Gong R, Li P, Yu J. Experiment and modeling for the separation of trans-stilbene oxide enantiomers on Chiralcel OD preparative column. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1286:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Srinivas NR. Role of Stereoselective Assays in Bioequivalence Studies of Racemic Drugs: Have We Reached a Consensus? J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 44:115-9. [PMID: 14747419 DOI: 10.1177/0091270003262098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The existence of stereoselectivity in metabolism and drug disposition, coupled with the existence of genetic polymorphisms and modulation of enantiomeric kinetics via special delivery systems, provides some compulsion to assess bioequivalence using stereoselective data. However, examination of the literature suggests that nonstereoselective data are commonly used for the bioequivalence assessment of drug racemates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuggehally R Srinivas
- Dr. Reddy's Research Laboratories-Discovery Research, Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad, India
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7
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Enantiomeric resolution of albendazole sulfoxide by semipreparative HPLC and in vitro study of growth inhibitory effects on human cancer cell lines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 66:100-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Insights into chiral recognition mechanisms in supercritical fluid chromatography. I. Non-enantiospecific interactions contributing to the retention on tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) amylose and cellulose stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2019-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Revised: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Liu B, Lu WJ, Yang GS, Aboul-Enein HY. Study of Elution Order in Chiral Separation of Organophosphonate Esters Using Tris-(3,5-dimethylphenyl Carbamate) Cellulose Chiral Stationary Phase by HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903320095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- a Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinxiang University , Xinxiang, P. R. China
- b Department of Chemistry , Shandong University , Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Jie Lu
- b Department of Chemistry , Shandong University , Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Sheng Yang
- b Department of Chemistry , Shandong University , Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- c Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department , National Research Centre , Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Luniwal A, Khupse RS, Reese M, Fang L, Erhardt PW. Total syntheses of racemic and natural glycinol. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:2072-2075. [PMID: 19943626 DOI: 10.1021/np900509f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Total syntheses of racemic and (-)-glycinol (1) are described. A Wittig reaction produced the isoflav-3-ene from which a Sharpless dihydroxylation introduced either the racemic or enantiomeric 6a-hydroxy group. A 5.5% overall yield of racemic material was obtained after 12 steps. A method was devised for a one-pot switch of protecting groups masking a sensitive resorcinolic para-functionality, and conditions were optimized to prompt spontaneous closure of the pterocarpanolic dihydrofuran upon subsequent exposure of its ortho-functionality. These improvements eliminated two steps and increased the overall yield to 9.8% during production of the natural enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjit Luniwal
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo College of Pharmacy, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, USA
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11
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Ma S, Shen S, Lee H, Eriksson M, Zeng X, Xu J, Fandrick K, Yee N, Senanayake C, Grinberg N. Mechanistic studies on the chiral recognition of polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases using liquid chromatography and vibrational circular dichroism. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3784-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Peluso P, Cossu S, Moretto F, Marchetti M. High performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of chiral bridged polycyclic compounds on chiralcel OD-H and chiralpak OT(+). Chirality 2009; 21:507-18. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Del Rio A. Exploring enantioselective molecular recognition mechanisms with chemoinformatic techniques. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1566-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Del Rio A, Gasteiger J. Encoding Absolute Configurations with Chiral Enantiophore Descriptors. Application to the Order of Elution of Enantiomers in Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200810066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Del Rio A, Gasteiger J. Simple method for the prediction of the separation of racemates with high-performance liquid chromatography on Whelk-O1 chiral stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1185:49-58. [PMID: 18272162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for the prediction of whether or not a racemate can be separated on a Whelk-O1 chiral stationary phase has been developed. In this approach, molecules are represented by counting the number of atom types of the neighbors spheres of the chiral center. A decision tree is then used to decide based on a few of these atom count descriptors whether a given racemate can be separated. High values of correct prediction were obtained, namely with more than 94% for training sets and of about 90% for cross-validation results. The same rate of correct prediction was also obtained on an external data set. The descriptors can be rapidly and easily retrieved by just counting the atom types around the chiral center by inspecting the chemical diagram of the molecule. Furthermore, the decision tree model can be applied through the use of a small set of rules that eventually predicts whether or not a racemate is separated. Due to its computational simplicity, the procedure is of interest for experimentalists that need to make rapid assessment of the separation without having to program or input complex formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Del Rio
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, Erlangen, Germany.
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16
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Karlsson A, Almgren K. Reversal of Enantiomeric Retention Order by Using a Single N-Derivatized Dipeptide as Chiral Mobile Phase Additive and Porous Graphitised Carbon as Stationary Phase. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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McConnell O, Bach A, Balibar C, Byrne N, Cai Y, Carter G, Chlenov M, Di L, Fan K, Goljer I, He Y, Herold D, Kagan M, Kerns E, Koehn F, Kraml C, Marathias V, Marquez B, McDonald L, Nogle L, Petucci C, Schlingmann G, Tawa G, Tischler M, Williamson RT, Sutherland A, Watts W, Young M, Zhang MY, Zhang Y, Zhou D, Ho D. Enantiomeric separation and determination of absolute stereochemistry of asymmetric molecules in drug discovery—Building chiral technology toolboxes. Chirality 2007; 19:658-82. [PMID: 17390370 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The application of Chiral Technology, or the (extensive) use of techniques or tools for the determination of absolute stereochemistry and the enantiomeric or chiral separation of racemic small molecule potential lead compounds, has been critical to successfully discovering and developing chiral drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. This has been due to the rapid increase over the past 10-15 years in potential drug candidates containing one or more asymmetric centers. Based on the experiences of one pharmaceutical company, a summary of the establishment of a Chiral Technology toolbox, including the implementation of known tools as well as the design, development, and implementation of new Chiral Technology tools, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver McConnell
- Wyeth Research, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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19
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Dual-mode of Reversed and Normal-phase Liquid Chromatographic Enantiomer Separation on Coated Cellulose Derived Chiral Stationary Phases. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2006. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2006.27.8.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Cass QB, Degani ALG, Cassiano NM. Effects on Enantioselectivity by the Use of Polysaccharide‐Based Columns by Multimodal Elution. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120022395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quezia B. Cass
- a Departmento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CP 676, São Carlos , SP , 13565‐905 , Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza G. Degani
- a Departmento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CP 676, São Carlos , SP , 13565‐905 , Brazil
| | - Neila M. Cassiano
- a Departmento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CP 676, São Carlos , SP , 13565‐905 , Brazil
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21
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Enantioseparation of Four Aryloxyphenoxypropionic Acid Herbicides by HPLC on CDMPC and (S,S)-Whelk-O 1. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(06)60008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Wei S, Brittin JJ, Falck JR, Anjaiah S, Nithipatikom K, Cui L, Campbell WB, Capdevila JH. Chiral resolution of the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, arachidonic acid epoxygenase metabolites. Anal Biochem 2006; 352:129-34. [PMID: 16480681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Revised: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An HPLC method for the chiral analysis of the four regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) is described. The cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid epoxygenase metabolites are resolved, without the need for derivatization, by chiral-phase HPLC on a Chiralcel OJ column. Application of this methodology to the analysis of the liver endogenous EETs demonstrates stereospecific biosynthesis and corroborates the role of cytochrome P450 as the endogenous arachidonic acid epoxygenase.
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MESH Headings
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/chemistry
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/isolation & purification
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/metabolism
- Animals
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2J2
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Oxygenases/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stereoisomerism
- Vasodilator Agents/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouzou Wei
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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23
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Gavioli E, Maier NM, Haupt K, Mosbach K, Lindner W. Analyte Templating: Enhancing the Enantioselectivity of Chiral Selectors upon Incorporation into Organic Polymer Environments. Anal Chem 2005; 77:5009-18. [PMID: 16053316 DOI: 10.1021/ac050407s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple strategy for preserving and enhancing the chiral recognition capacity of polymer-embedded chiral selectors is proposed, capitalizing on a temporary blockage of the receptor binding site with tightly binding analytes during the polymerization process. We demonstrate that the copolymerization of a quinine tert-butylcarbamate selector monomer with chiral (and achiral) 3,5-dichlorobenzoyl amino acids allows one to control to a certain extent the binding characteristics of the resultant polymeric chiral stationary phases. The structural and stereochemical requirements of the templating analytes for maximizing the chiral recognition capacity of the polymer-embedded selectors are probed. The chromatographic chiral recognition characteristics of the analyte-templated polymeric chiral stationary phases are analyzed with respect to binding capacities and affinities and compared to those obtained with a conventional silica-based surface-grafted reference material. Changes in substrate-specific enantioselectivity originating from analyte templating are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gavioli
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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24
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Cai X, Xu X, Pan C. Study of Optical Isomer Separation of Chiral Antifungal Drugs Tetramisole, Miconazole, and Paclobutrazol on Two Chiral Stationary Phases. ANAL LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/al-200057224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Molecular Chirality is of central interest in biological studies because enantiomeric compounds, while indistinguishable by most inanimate systems, show profoundly different properties in biochemical environments. Enantioselective separation methods, based on the differential recognition of two optical isomers by a chiral selector, have been amply documented. Also, great effort has been directed towards a theoretical understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying the chiral recognition process. Here we report a comprehensive data examination of enantio separation measurements for over 72000 chiral selector-select and pairs from the chiral selection compendium CHIRBASE. The distribution of alpha = k'(D)/k'(L) values was found to follow a power law, equivalent to an exponential decay for chiral differential free energies. This observation is experimentally relevant in terms of the number of different individual or combinatorial selectors that need to be screened in order to observe alpha values higher than a preset minimum. A string model for enantiorecognition (SMED) formalism is proposed to account for this observation on the basis of an extended Ogston three-point interaction model. Partially overlapping molecular interaction domains are analyzed in terms of a string complementarity model for ligand-receptor complementarity. The results suggest that chiral selection statistics may be interpreted in terms of more general concepts related to biomolecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Kafri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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26
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Cass QB, Watanabe CSF, Rabi JA, Bottari PQ, Costa MR, Nascimento RM, Cruz JED, Ronald RC. Polysaccharide-based chiral phase under polar organic mode of elution in the determination of the enantiomeric purity of emtricitabine an anti-HIV analogue nucleoside. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 33:581-7. [PMID: 14623583 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the separation of FTC enantiomers using an amylose tris[(S)-1-phenylethylcarbamate] coated onto APS-Nucleosil (7 microm particle size, 500 A pore size, 20% w/w, 15 x 0.46 cm ID) chiral column under polar organic elution mode. Good enantioselectivity (alpha=1.9) with excellent enantioresolution (R(S)=3.3) was achieved by the use of methanol with 0.02% of triethylamine acetate as mobile phase. The method allows the accurate determination of as low as 0.2% of each enantiomer as an impurity. The validated method proved to be reliable and sensitive for the quantification of both enantiomers as impurity in different batches of emtricitabine and beta-D-(+)-FTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quezia B Cass
- Departamento de Qui;mica-Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Cx. Postal 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Cass QB, Batigalhia F. Enantiomeric resolution of a series of chiral sulfoxides by high-performance liquid chromatography on polysaccharide-based columns with multimodal elution. J Chromatogr A 2003; 987:445-52. [PMID: 12613840 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomeric resolution of a series of 20 asymmetric sulfoxides was systematically investigated by HPLC using multimodal elution with amylose trisR(S)-1-phenylethylcarbamate], amylose tris(3,5-dimethoxyphenylcarbamate) and amylose and cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) phases. The sulfoxide series was composed of aromatic, olefinic and ketosulfoxides, sulfinyl acids and esters. This work has shown that enantioselectivity and enantioresolution of the polysaccharide-based columns can be achieved by changing the type and composition of the mobile phase, widening the applicability of these chiral phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q B Cass
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Química, Caixa Postal 676, 13.565-970 Sio Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Matthijs N, Perrin C, Maftouh M, Massart DL, Vander Heyden Y. Knowledge-based system for method development of chiral separations with capillary electrophoresis using highly-sulphated cyclodextrins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 27:515-29. [PMID: 11755753 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Method development for chiral separations is not easy because it requires experience and many experimental possibilities can be chosen. In order to help the analyst, a knowledge-based system (KBS) for the rapid determination of experimental parameters, which allow a baseline separation of enantiomers, has been developed. On the basis of own laboratory knowledge, completed with literature data, rules were defined and a KBS was built. Five different techniques are considered in this KBS. This paper describes the capillary electrophoresis (CE) section, in which a strategy has been defined based on the use of highly-sulfated cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. A structured representation of the knowledge and its implementation in Toolbook software is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Matthijs
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Pharmaceutical Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Abstract
The review summarizes recent developments in enantioseparations by capillary electrochromatography (CEC). Selected fundamental aspects of CEC are discussed in order to stress those features which may allow the success of this technique in the competitive field of enantioseparations. In addition, the comparative characteristics of the different modes of chiral CEC and the stationary phases are presented. The effects of the characteristics of the stationary and liquid phases and operational conditions on the separation results are discussed. Finally, some future trends are briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fanali
- Istituto di Cromatografia del C.N.R., Area della Ricerca di Roma, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
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