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Zhang X, Ni L, He A, Yang L, Noda I, Ozaki Y, Guo R, Xu Y. A new apparatus and the relevant method to retrieve IR spectra of solutes from the corresponding aqueous solutions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 296:122598. [PMID: 36996520 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
An apparatus and relevant approach to obtaining IR spectra of solutes from the corresponding aqueous solution were developed. In the experiment, aqueous solutions were converted into aerosols using an ultrasonic or a pneumatic device. Subsequently, water in the nebulized solution is completely gasified under a high-speed flow and low vacuum environment. Via this process, the aqueous solution changes into a mixture of a solute or solutes and gaseous water, whose single-beam IR spectra are collected. Then, the newly developed RMF (retrieving moisture-free IR spectrum) method and the relevant approach described in our recent papers have been adopted to treat the resultant single-beam sample spectrum. As a result, the spectral contribution of the vibrational-rotational peaks of gaseous water can be removed or significantly attenuated, and IR spectra of solutes can be obtained. The approach shows an obvious advantage in retrieving the IR spectrum of volatile solutes from its aqueous solution. This capability is showcased by obtaining IR spectra of isopropanol and ethyl acetate successfully. IR spectra of these compounds can be retrieved even if the concentration of the solute is below 10 wt%. Moreover, atomization via ultrasonic/pneumatic methods offers a mild way to gasify solutes whose boiling points are remarkably higher than that of water. This advantage is manifested by acquiring IR spectra of 1-butanol and 1,2-propanediol in the gaseous phase under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Lei Ni
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Anqi He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Limin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Isao Noda
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669 - 1330, Japan
| | - Ran Guo
- PerkinElmer Inc., Jiuxianqiao Road, 14, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Yizhuang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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Romanach RJ, de Haseth JA, Ito Y. Preliminary Studies for Interfacing Countercurrent Chromatography (CCC) with Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918508074126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kok SJ, Hankemeier T, Schoenmakers PJ. Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography with on-line Fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy detection for the characterization of copolymers. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1098:104-10. [PMID: 16314165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Revised: 08/16/2005] [Accepted: 08/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The on-line coupling of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (liquid chromatography x size-exclusion chromatography, LC x SEC) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been realized by means of an IR flow cell. The system has been assessed by the functional-group analysis of a series of styrene-methylacrylate (SMA) copolymers with varying styrene content. Ultraviolet (UV) detection was used as a detection technique to verify the detection with IR. The LC x SEC-IR functional-group contour plots (comprehensive chromatograms) obtained for styrene were in agreement with the contour plots constructed from the UV signal. In addition, contour plots can be obtained from non-UV-active groups. One such plot, for the carbonyl-stretching vibration of methylacrylate (MA), is shown. Selective detection of MA proved possible using flow cell IR detection. The combination of the contour plots for styrene and MA allowed a full characterization of the copolymer and it was revealed that the present series of SMA copolymers exhibited homogeneous chemical-composition distributions (CCDs). In addition, commercially available fast-SEC columns have been assessed in this study with respect to their potential to serve as second-dimension separation columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kok
- TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Packaging Research Department, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Over the past years the coupling of liquid chromatography (LC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) has been pursued primarily to achieve specific detection and/or identification of sample constituents. Two approaches can be discerned in the combination of LC and FT-IR. The first and simpler approach is to use a flow cell through which the effluent from the LC column is passed while the IR spectra are continuously recorded. The second approach involves elimination of the LC solvent prior to IR detection using an interface which evaporates the eluent and deposits the analytes onto a substrate. This paper provides a general overview of flow-cell based IR detection and briefly discusses early solvent-elimination interfaces for LC-FT-IR. A more comprehensive description is given of interface systems which use spraying to induce rapid eluent evaporation, and which basically represent the state-of-the-art in LC-FT-IR. Finally, the interface systems suitable for reversed-phase LC are summarized and the perspectives of LC-FT-IR are discussed. The overview indicates that flow-cell LC-FT-IR has rather poor detection limits but can be useful for the specific and quantitative detection of major constituents of mixtures. Solvent-elimination techniques, on the other hand, provide much better sensitivity and enhanced spectral quality which is essential when unambiguous identification of low-level constituents is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Somsen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
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Somsen G, Gooijer C, Velthorst N, Brinkman U. Coupling of column liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Performance characteristics of a real-time direct deposition supercritical fluid chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry system. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00251-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Pharmaceutical applications of high-performance liquid chromatography interfaced with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. J Chromatogr A 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85333-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Raynor MW, Bartle KD, Cook BW. Electrospray micro liquid chromatography - Fourier transform infrared micro spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240150602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Griffiths PR, Norton KL, Bonanno AS. Chapter 6 SFC/FT-IR Measukements Involving Elimination of the Mobile Phase. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LIBRARY 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)61228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Jinno K, Fujimoto C. Coupling of microcolumn high-performance liquid chromatography with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)91599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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de Haseth JA, Robertson RM. MAGIC-LC/FT-IR: A viable interface for HPLC and FT-IR spectrometry. Microchem J 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0026-265x(89)90112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Microcolumn high-performance liquid chromatography—thin-layer chromatography—Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)90264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Microcolumn liquid chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry interface using a potassium bromide disk. Chromatographia 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02309421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Koizumi H, Suzuki Y. Micro high performance liquid chromatography of aliphatic amines by means of resonance raman detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Interfacing between supercritical fluid chromatography and infrared spectroscopy — A review. Chromatographia 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02310421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Griffiths PR, Pentoney SL, Pariente GL, Norton KL. A unified approach to the chromatography/FT-IR interface. Mikrochim Acta 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01201682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Recent progress in gel packing materials and detectors for modern liquid chromatography in Japan. J Chromatogr A 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)83301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Fujimoto C, Hirata Y, Jinno K. Supercritical fluid chromatography-infrared spectroscopy of oligomers: use of buffer-memory technique. J Chromatogr A 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)83286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fujimoto C, Uematsu G, Jinno K. The use of deuterated solvents in high-performance liquid chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Chromatographia 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02280608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fujimoto C, Oosuka T, Jinno K. A new sampling technique for reversed-phase liquid chromatography/fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)86265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shafer KH, Pentoney SL, Griffiths PR. Supercritical fluid chromatography/diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240071210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jinno K, Nakanishi S, Nagoshi T. Microcolumn liquid chromatography with inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectronometric detection. Chromatographia 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02262973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jinno K, Fujimoto C. Infrared monitoring in micro-capillary liquid chromatography. Chromatographia 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02263035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fujimoto C, Jinno K, Hirata Y. Liquid chromatography—spectrometry with the buffer-memory technique. J Chromatogr A 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)96400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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