Gas chromatographic determination of tranquilizer residues in body fluids and the meat of slaughtered animals

Determination of residues of carazolol and a number of tranquilizers in swine kidney by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and fluorescence detection

A rapid and sensitive method has been set up for the determination of the beta-receptor blocker carazolol and the tranquillizers acepromazine, azaperone, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, propionylpromazine and xylazine in swine kidneys. The procedure involves extraction with acetonitrile, rapid sample clean-up with a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and fluorescence detection. The mean recoveries range from 93 to 101%, with the exception of xylazine (52%), and the coefficients of variation from 5.3 to 18.9% at a fortification level of 20 micrograms/kg. The limits of determination range from 0.3 micrograms/kg for carazolol to 1-10 micrograms/kg for the other drugs. The method has been tested in routine monitoring programmes.

[Chemical analysis of veterinary drugs in food. 1. General methods and gas chromatographic procedures]

A review is presented that in the first section describes current techniques for preparation, extraction and clean up of food samples for the determination of veterinary drug residues by chemical methods. The second section gives an overview of gas chromatographic methods published up to 1983 for the analysis of meat, liver, kidney, egg and milk for residues of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents. Discussed are stability of the compounds, derivatization, detection and particular aspects of their metabolism. The structural formula is given for all drugs mentioned. The procedures for determination are summarized in a table, together with the most important analytical parameters.

The determination of propiopromazine in animal tissue

A thin-layer chromatographic method for the determination of the veterinary tranquillizer propiopromazine (Combelen) in slaughter pigs is described. Propiopromazine residue depletion from the kidney occurs with different rates in sows and in castrated boars. In the liver residues increase over at least 24 h after intramuscular administration, in accordance with the distribution pattern of phenothiazine tranquilizers.

Human xylazine overdose: a comparative review with clonidine, phenothiazines, and tricyclic antidepressants

We report a case of horse tranquilizer (xylazine) overdose from oral ingestion in man, detail a gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometer method for xylazine assay in the blood and urine, and suggest the management of acute poisoning. We present a comparative review of some toxicological properties that xylazine shares with the pharmacologically related clonidine and with the structurally related phenothiazines and the tricyclic antidepressants.

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography for the separation of chloropromazine, imipramine and some of their metabolites

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography on a C18 bonded silica with water-alcohol mixtures containing decylamine as the mobile phase was investigated for its applicability to the separation of chlorpromazine, imipramine and their metabolites. The addition of decylamine to the mobile phase was found to be necessary in order to obtain symmetrical peaks. The influence of the decylamine and ethanol concentrations and of the pH of the mobile phase was investigated and these parameters were found to be useful for the adjustment of the retention. The phase system developed was found to be suitable for the required separation. The phase system was applied to the analysis of imipramine and its metabolites, desmethylimipramine and didesmethylimipramine, and desmethylchlorpromazine in human plasma.