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Hyphenated liquid chromatography–gas chromatography technique: Recent evolution and applications. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:100-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Development of a method based on on-line reversed phase liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled by means of an adsorption–desorption interface for the analysis of selected chiral volatile compounds in methyl jasmonate treated strawberries. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1083-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Hoh E, Mastovska K. Large volume injection techniques in capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1186:2-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Flores G, Blanch GP, Ruiz del Castillo ML. Through oven transfer adsorption-desorption interface for the analysis of methyl jasmonate in aromatic samples by on-line RPLC-GC. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1207-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
On-line coupled liquid chromatography-gas chromatography (LC-GC) is a powerful technique that combines the best features of LC and GC and is ideal for the analysis of complex samples. This review describes the unique features of on-line coupled LC-GC. The different interfaces and evaporation techniques are presented, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Guidelines are given for selecting a suitable LC-GC technique and representative applications are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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6
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Abstract
In the past 50 years. gas chromatography (GC) has played a most important role in the analysis of oil. In this review, the early history is briefly reviewed; next developments in this highly relevant application area since about 1985 are highlighted. The main topic of interest are the introduction and decisive role of capillary GC, the use of selective detection techniques, the versatility of coupled-column techniques and, specifically, the additional power of comprehensive two-dimensional GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Blomberg
- Shell International Chemicals B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Pocurull E, Biedermann M, Grob K. Introduction of large volumes of water-containing samples into a gas chromatograph. Improved retention of volatile solutes through the swing system. J Chromatogr A 2000; 876:135-45. [PMID: 10823509 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The swing system is designed for introducing large volumes of water-containing samples into a gas chromatograph. Sample evaporation and solvent-solute separation are performed in separate compartments. This widens the application range to compounds of higher volatility. Sample evaporation takes place in a hot chamber packed with Carbofrit. Solvent-solute separation is performed in a cascade of increasing powers of retention. While high boiling solutes are retained in an oven-thermostatted retaining precolumn, the more volatile components are retained by a packed bed of sorbents of increasing powers of retention situated in a programmed temperature vaporiser. For elution, the gas flow is reversed and the solutes are discharged from the heated packed bed through the retaining precolumn into the separation column.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pocurull
- Rovira i Virgili University, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Imperial Tarraco, Tarragona, Spain
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8
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Vreuls JJ, Louter AJ, Brinkman UA. On-line combination of aqueous-sample preparation and capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1999; 856:279-314. [PMID: 10526793 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methods currently in use to combine the preparation of aqueous samples on-line with capillary gas chromatography (GC) comprise heartcut-orientated reversed-phase liquid chromatography-GC and analyte-isolation-orientated analyte extraction-GC. These approaches either use techniques in which water is directly introduced onto the GC column, or an indirect approach in which water is eliminated, i.e., by solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction or liquid-liquid extraction, prior to introduction of the analytes onto the GC column. The latter type of approach is much more successful and user-friendly, and many applications have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Vreuls
- Vrije Universiteit, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Louter AJ, Vreuls JJ, Brinkman UA. On-line combination of aqueous-sample preparation and capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1999; 842:391-426. [PMID: 10377972 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An overview is presented of methods currently in use to combine the preparation of aqueous samples on-line with capillary gas chromatography. Two approaches can be distinguished: heartcut-orientated reversed-phase liquid chromatography-gas chromatography (GC) and analyte-isolation-orientated analyte extraction-GC. These approaches either use techniques in which water is directly introduced onto the GC column, or an indirect approach in which water is eliminated, i.e., by solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction or liquid-liquid extraction, prior to introduction of the analytes onto the GC column. The latter type of approach is much more successful and user friendly, and many applications have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Louter
- Free University, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mondello L, Dugo P, Dugo G, Lewis AC, Bartle KD. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled on-line with high resolution gas chromatography State of the art. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Jongenotter GA, Kerkhoff MAT, van der Knaap HCM, Vandeginste BGM. Automated On-Line GPC-GC-FPD Involving Co-Solvent Trapping and the On-Column Interface for the Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Olive Oils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(19990101)22:1<17::aid-jhrc17>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Hyötyläinen T, Riekkola ML. Direct coupling of reversed-phase liquid chromatography to gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Goosens EC, de Jong D, de Jong GJ, Brinkman UAT. On-line sample treatment—capillary gas chromatography. Chromatographia 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02466538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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On-Line Sample Handling Strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(97)80006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
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15
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Modeste F, Caude M, Devaux P. On-line coupling of liquid chromatography and capillary gas chromatography for the determination of a trace pyrethroid insecticide in fruit extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240191002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Vaporising systems for large volume injection or on-line transfer into gas chromatography: Classification, critical remarks and suggestions. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(96)00345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Mondello L, Dugo G, Bartle KD. On-line microbore high performance liquid chromatography-capillary gas chromatography for food and water analyses. A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-667x(1996)8:4<275::aid-mcs5>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Barceló D, Hennion MC. On-line sample handling strategies for the trace-level determination of pesticides and their degradation products in environmental waters. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Grob K. Development of the transfer techniques for on-line high-performance liquid chromatography-capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Mol HG, Janssen HGM, Cramers CA, Vreuls JJ, Brinkman UA. Trace level analysis of micropollutants in aqueous samples using gas chromatography with on-line sample enrichment and large volume injection. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00169-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Capillary GC with Selective Detection Using on-line Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography Techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-01063-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
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23
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Blomberg J, Schoenmakers PJ, van den Hoed N. Automated sample cleanup using on-line coupling of size exclusion chromatography to high resolution gas chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240170607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wan HB, Wong MK, Mok CY. Simple method for preventing unsuitable solvents from entering gas chromatographic detectors. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Grob K, Fröhlich D. Splitless injection of large volumes of aqueous samples - A basic feasibility study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240160404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Vreuls JJ, Cuppen WJGM, Dolecka E, Maris FA, de Jong GJ, Brinkman UAT. Polar solvents for the desorption of a liquid chromatographic precolumn coupled on-line with a capillary gas chromatograph. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240121209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Grob K. Concurrent eluent evaporation with co-solvent trapping for on-line reversed-phase liquid chromatography gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)89621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Grob K, Schmarr HG, Mosandl A. Early solvent vapor exit in GC for coupled LC-GC involving concurrent eluent evaporation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240120607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Coupled reversed-phase liquid chromatography—capillary gas chromatography for the determination of atrazine in water. J Chromatogr A 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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