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Nabivach VM, Dmitrikov VP. The use of correlation equations for the prediction of retention parameters in gas-liquid chromatography. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1993v062n01abeh000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The chromatographic identity of a compound can be determined by four parameters, namely, I, A, Z and (GRF). These are interrelated in a linear regression equation, given in the paper as Eq. 8. The retrieval of structural information from retention data requires the introduction of a new meaning to the Kováts retention index, the use of column difference (delta I) to characterize functional groups, the redefinition of the role of electronegative oxygen and nitrogen atoms, and the division of retention index (I) into contributions from atoms and from functional groups. The separation of retention index (I) into molecular and interaction contributions is a necessary condition for retention index prediction from structure and also for structure information retrieval from retention data. According to Eq. 8 the retention index is uniquely determined by three parameters, namely A, Z and (GRF). For prediction of retention index, the A value is assigned a value of 100 index units (i.u.), the Z value is obtained directly from the compound, and the (GRF) value is pre-calibrated. In Eq. 10, the m and n values represent the pre-calibrated terms for a quantitative structure-retention index relationship. These terms account for the positive and negative retention contributions from polar and polarizable atom groups. All atom groups that are different from methylene and methyl groups will interact with the stationary phase and contribute to retention. The m and n values for various functional, polar and polarizable atom groups and their column differences (delta I values) are the results of interactions between the solute and the stationary phase and are structure dependent. The interaction increases with increasing polarities of the solute and the stationary phase. The column difference not only reflects the strength of the interaction, but is also characteristic of the functional and polarizable groups. The retrieval of structural information from retention data is equivalent to obtaining Z and (GRF) values from known I and delta I values, which is straightforward for monofunctional compounds. For multi-functional compounds, additional data will be needed for retrieval of structural information. These can be obtained from derivatization of the unknown compound, from its chemical reactions with other reagents, from GC-MS analysis and from structure match using internal or external standards. The additional data required will depend upon the complexity of the unknown structure. This approach demonstrates that a system can be devised to utilize GC retention characteristics uniquely for structure elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0446
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Dimov N, Moskovkina M. New aspects of quantitative structure—retention relationships in chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)95923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Khorasheh F, Gray MR, Selucky ML. Correlation for kováts retention index of C9C26 mono-alkyl and polymethyl alkanes and alkenes. J Chromatogr A 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)96747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tekler V, Tarján G, Takács J. Effect of primary and secondary atomic environments on the interactions of some alkane CH bonds on a squalane stationary phase at different column temperatures in gas—liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kuchař M, Tomková H, Rejholec V, Skalická O. Relationships between gas—liquid chromatographic behaviour and structure of arylaliphatic acids. J Chromatogr A 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)87321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kuśmierz J, Maliński E, Czerwiec W, Szafranek J. Kováts retention indices of high-molecular-weight monomethyl-, cyclopentyl-, cyclohexyl- and phenylalkanes. J Chromatogr A 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(85)80027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Oszczapowicz J, Osek J, Dolecka E. Retention indices of dimethylformamidines, dimethylacetamidines and tetramethylguanidines on a non-polar column. J Chromatogr A 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)90727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Budahegyi M, Lombosi E, Lombosi T, Mészáros S, Nyiredy S, Tarján G, Timár I, Takács J. Twenty-fifth anniversary of the retention index system in gas—liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)80220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Macák J, Nabivach V, Buryan P, Šindler S. Dependence of retention indices of alkylbenzenes on their molecular structure. J Chromatogr A 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)81867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Saura Calixto F, Garcia Raso A. Capillary gas chromatography of esters correlations between structure and retention index. Chromatographia 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02314758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Papazova D, Dimov N, Bonchev D. Calculation of gas chromatographic retention indices of isoalkanes based on a topological approach. J Chromatogr A 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)81252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fisch I, Olácsi I, Richter M, Sinka A, Takács E, Takács J, Vörös J, Tarján G. Pre-calculation of retention indices of aromatic compounds by computer on the basis of their molecular structures and thermodynamics in temperature-programmed gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)99317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Muchtarova M, Dimov N. Gas chromatographic identification of some indoor air pollutants using correlation equations. J Chromatogr A 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)99347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Onuska FI, Comba ME. Gas chromatographic identification of some organochlorine pesticides and their photoalteration products by means of Kovats' retention indices. J Chromatogr A 1976; 119:385-99. [PMID: 1262421 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)86801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Kovats' retention indices and temperature coefficients for some chlorinated methanonaphthalene and methanoindene pesticides and their photoproducts were determined on an OV-17 silicone liquid phase at three different temperatures. A detailed procedure for the off-line calculation of the retention indices, (see article) and I values are described. The program, written in BASIC, calculates the indices at three different temperatures and provides a computer-written report.
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Tarján G, Kiss Á, Kocsis G, Mészáros S, Takács J. General contribution to the theory of retention index systems in gas-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)86796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gassiot M, Fernandez E, Firpo G, Carbó R, Martin M. Empirical quantum chemical approach to structure-gas chromatographic retention index relationship. I. Sterol acetates. J Chromatogr A 1975; 108:337-44. [PMID: 1127057 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)84677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been found possible to correlate chromatographic retention parameters directly with molecular electronic structure by means of a linear relationship. The empirical parameters used are total energy and localized charge, calculated by the method of Del Re. They are deduced directly from the molecular structure and they permit the retention index to be calculated theoretically with an acceptable error.
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Ettre LS. Das Retentionsindex-System, seine Anwendung zur Identifizierung von Substanzen und Charakterisierung von flüssigen Phasen. Chromatographia 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02269827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ettre LS. The retention index system; its utilization for substance identification and liquid phase characterization. Chromatographia 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02272364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mitra G, Mohan G, Sinha A. Advances in the utilization of the retention index system for characterizing hydrocarbons in complex mixtures by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)90857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chastrette M, Lenfant G, Remy A, Cohen-Makabeh M. Identification de composés aliphatiques saturés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. J Chromatogr A 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)91706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Takács J, Kocsi E, Garamvölgyi E, Eckhart E, Lombosi T, Nyiredy S, Borbély I, Krasznai G. Contribution to the theory of the retention index system. J Chromatogr A 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)82310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Theory of the linearity of retention index with column temperature. Its versatility and importance in gas chromatography. Chromatographia 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02270545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Castello G, Lunardelli M, Berg M. A method for the identification of branched-chain paraffins by calculation of their retention index values on the basis of molecular structure and physical properties. J Chromatogr A 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)97775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Weiner PH, Dack CJ, Howery DG. Retention index-structure relationships for alcohols using factor analysis. J Chromatogr A 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)92893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Takács J, Tálas Z, Bernáth I, Czakó G, Fischer A. Contribution to the theory of the retention index system. J Chromatogr A 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)91222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Molnár E, Móritz P, Takács J. Determination of the temperature-dependence of the retention index in gas-liquid chromatography by computer. J Chromatogr A 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)82283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cook LE, Raushel FM. Calculation of retention indices for benzene and benzene derivatives on the basis of molecular structure. J Chromatogr A 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)85001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Takács J, Szentirmai Z, Molnár E, Králik D. Contribution to the concept and method of rohrschneider. II. J Chromatogr A 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)86924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Káplár L, Szita C, Takács J, Tarján G, Tarján G. Contribution to the concept and method of rohrschneider. I. J Chromatogr A 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)86923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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