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Li X, Shi F, Wang L, Zhang S, Yan L, Zhang X, Sun W. Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Horseradish Peroxidase and Black Phosphorene Quantum Dot Modified Electrode. Molecules 2023; 28:6151. [PMID: 37630403 PMCID: PMC10459736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Black phosphorene quantum dots (BPQDs) were prepared by ultrasonic-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation and centrifugation with morphologies proved by TEM results. Furthermore, an electrochemical enzyme sensor was prepared by co-modification of BPQDs with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the surface of a carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) for the first time. The direct electrochemical behavior of HRP was studied with a pair of well-shaped voltammetric peaks that appeared, indicating that the existence of BPQDs was beneficial to accelerate the electron transfer rate between HRP and the electrode surface. This was due to the excellent properties of BPQDs, such as small particle size, high interfacial reaction activity, fast conductivity, and good biocompatibility. The presence of BPQDs on the electrode surface provided a fast channel for direct electron transfer of HRP. Therefore, the constructed electrochemical HRP biosensor was firstly used to investigate the electrocatalytic behavior of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and potassium bromate (KBrO3), and the wide linear detection ranges of TCA and KBrO3 were 4.0-600.0 mmol/L and 2.0-57.0 mmol/L, respectively. The modified electrode was applied to the actual samples detection with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (X.L.); (F.S.); (L.W.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (X.Z.)
- College of Health Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Fan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (X.L.); (F.S.); (L.W.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lisi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (X.L.); (F.S.); (L.W.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Siyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (X.L.); (F.S.); (L.W.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lijun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (X.L.); (F.S.); (L.W.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (X.L.); (F.S.); (L.W.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (X.L.); (F.S.); (L.W.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (X.Z.)
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Othman RS, Faizullah AT. On-line monitoring amplification of bromate in bottled ozonated water by flow injection analysis and spectrophotometry. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li Y, Chen SM, Thangamuthu R, Ajmal Ali M, Al-Hemaid FMA. Preparation, Characterization, and Bioelectrocatalytic Properties of Hemoglobin Incorporated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-Poly-L-lysine Composite Film Modified Electrodes Towards Bromate. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fotsing M, Barbeau B, Prevost M. Low-level bromate analysis in drinking water by ion chromatography with optimized suppressed conductivity cell current followed by a post-column reaction and UV/Vis detection. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2011; 46:420-425. [PMID: 21391036 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2011.542401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a high capacity anion exchange column was used to efficiently and simultaneously separate traces of oxyhalide disinfection byproducts (DBP) anions and bromide by an ion chromatography system followed by a post-column reaction (PCR). The PCR generates in situ hydroiodic (HI) acid from the excess of potassium iodate that combines with bromate from the column effluent to form the triiodide anion detectable by UV/Vis absorbance at 352 nm. The suppressed conductivity cell current was optimized at 70 mA, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a 9 mM carbonate eluent. Its performance was investigated on a trace-level determination of bromate in ozonated municipal and bottled drinking water. Based on ozonated municipal drinking water matrix, the method detection limit of 0.27 μg BrO(-)(3)/L was evaluated with the Method Quantification Limit (MQL) of 0.89 μg BrO(-)(3)/L. However, in ultrapure water, a MDL of 0.015 μg BrO(-)(3)/L and a MRL of 0.052 μg BrO(-)(3)/L were achieved. The recovery for spiked municipal samples was in the range of 90%-115%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcellin Fotsing
- Geological and Mining (CGM) Department, NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal,Civil, Montreal, Canada
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Michalski R, Lyko A. Determination of bromate in water samples using post column derivatization method with triiodide. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2010; 45:1275-1280. [PMID: 20635295 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2010.493821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the application of the method of post-column derivatization with triiodide and UV detection at 352 nm for the determination of bromate in drinking water, mineral water and swimming pool water samples. Optimized analytical conditions were further validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The method detection limit was at the level of 0.4 μg/L, and the spiked recovery for bromate was in the range of 92% - 104%. The method did not need a special sample treatment and was successfully applied to the analysis of bromate at the required value that is below 2.5 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajmund Michalski
- Institute of Environmental Engineering of Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland.
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Thangamuthu R, Wu YC, Chen SM. Silicomolybdate-Incorporated-Glutaraldehyde-Cross-Linked Poly-L-Lysine Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode as Amperometric Sensor for Bromate Determination. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200904576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gries T, Sitorius E, Giesecke A, Schlegel V. Feasibility of using capillary zone electrophoresis with photometric detection for the trace level detection of bromate in drinking water. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2008; 25:1318-27. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030802132732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Butler R, Lytton L, Godley AR, Tothill IE, Cartmell E. Bromate analysis in groundwater and wastewater samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 7:999-1006. [PMID: 16193172 DOI: 10.1039/b505833c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bromate (BrO(3)(-)) is a disinfection by-product formed during ozonation of potable water supplies containing bromide (Br(-)). Bromate has been classed by the World Health Organisation as a 'possible human carcinogen', leading to implementation of 10-25 microg L(-1)(as BrO(3)(-)) drinking water limits in legislative areas including the United States and European Union. Techniques have been developed for bromate analysis at and below regulatory limits, with Ion Chromatography (IC) coupled with conductivity detection (IC-CD), post-column reaction and ultra-violet (UV) detection (IC-PCR), or inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry detection (IC-ICPMS) in widespread use. The recent discovery of bromate groundwater contamination in a UK aquifer has led to a requirement for analysis of bromate in a groundwater matrix, for environmental monitoring and development of remediation strategies. The possibility of bromate-contaminated water discharge into sewage treatment processes, whether accidental or as a pump-and-treat strategy, also required bromate analysis of wastewater sources. This paper summarises techniques currently available for trace bromate analysis in potable water systems and details studies to identify a methodology for routine analysis of groundwater and wastewater samples. Strategies compared were high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with direct UV or PCR/UV detection, IC-CD, IC-PCR, and a simple spectrophotometric technique. IC-CD was the most cost-effective solution for simultaneous analysis of bromate and bromide within groundwater samples, having a 5 microg L(-1) detection limit of both anions with limited interference from closely-eluting species. Wastewater samples were successfully analysed for bromate only using HPLC with PCR/UV detection, with detection limits below 20 microg L(-1)(as BrO(3)(-)) and low interference. HPLC with direct UV detection was unsuitable for bromate analysis within the concentration range 50-5000 microg L(-1) which was required for this project, but column choice was shown to be a major factor in determining limits of detection. Spectrophotometry could not reproducibly determine bromate concentration, although the technique showed promise as a quick field method for high-level groundwater bromate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Butler
- School of Water Sciences, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK
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Salimi A, Alizadeh V, Hadadzadeh H. Renewable Surface Sol-gel Derived Carbon Ceramic Electrode Modified with Copper Complex and Its Application as an Amperometric Sensor for Bromate Detection. ELECTROANAL 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200303035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bose R, Saari-Nordhaus R, Sonaike A, Sethi DS. New suppressor technology improves the ion chromatographic determination of inorganic anions and disinfection by-products in drinking water. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1039:45-9. [PMID: 15250401 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a new suppressor technology for analyzing water samples using United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methods 300.0 and 300.1. The Alltech DS-Plus suppressor improves and simplifies anion analysis in drinking water. In addition to suppressing the carbonate mobile phase and enhancing the analyte signal like conventional ion chromatography (IC) suppressors, the DS-Plus suppressor removes carbonic acid (as dissolved carbon dioxide) from the suppressor effluent before detection (US patent Nos.: 6444475; 6468804; others pending), lowering the background conductivity to near zero. Anions are detected in water background, improving sensitivity and lowering detection limits. The water-dip often seen with conventional suppressors is greatly reduced, improving fluoride quantification. The DS-Plus suppressor operates continuously without the need for external regenerants or switching valves. The performance of this new suppressor for analyzing water samples has been found to meet the EPA methods specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Bose
- Alltech Associates Inc., 2051 Waukegan Road, Deerfield, IL 60015, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605
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Abstract
This paper summarizes how ion chromatography is now a multimode technique suitable for solving analytical problems in all areas of interest. Current and more recent applications will be overviewed within the new trends.
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