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Lu Y, Liu J, Li Z, Li W, Liu J, Huang L, Wang Z. Comparative Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Immunomodulatory Effects of Casein Glycomacropeptide O-Glycans in Bovine and Caprine Whey Powder. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8746-8754. [PMID: 35802832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Casein glycomacropeptide carries various O-glycan modifications, which, together with variations in the amino acid composition of the glycopeptide, may result in different biological activities. In this study, O-glycans of casein glycomacropeptide from bovine and caprine whey powder were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by LC-UV-ESI-MS/MS, and their immune activities and regulatory mechanisms were compared. O-Glycans' total content was 1.54 times higher in bovine than in caprine glycomacropeptide. The glycoform H1N1S2 (H: hexose; N: N-acetylgalactosamine; and S: N-acetylneuraminic acid) accounted for nearly 50% of total glycomacropeptide O-glycans in bovine milk but less than 20% in caprine milk. Bovine glycomacropeptide glycosylation promoted the immune activity of RAW264.7 cells, which may be linked to a higher content of disialylated O-glycans. Glycomacropeptide from both milk sources significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of IL-1α, TNF-α, and IL-10 in RAW264.7 cells and activated the MAPK immunomodulatory signaling pathway. This study demonstrates the possible use of casein glycomacropeptide as an immunomodulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jie Liu
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Ikegami T. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography for the analysis of biopharmaceutical drugs and therapeutic peptides: A review based on the separation characteristics of the hydrophilic interaction chromatography phases. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:130-213. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ikegami
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Kyoto Japan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pharmaceutical (Bio-) Analysis; Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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Guerrero A, Lerno L, Barile D, Lebrilla CB. Top-down analysis of highly post-translationally modified peptides by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:453-459. [PMID: 25404158 PMCID: PMC4336581 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bovine κ-caseinoglycomacropeptide (GMP) is a highly modified peptide from κ-casein produced during the cheese making process. The chemical nature of GMP makes analysis by traditional proteomic approaches difficult, as the peptide bears a strong net negative charge and a variety of post-translational modifications. In this work, we describe the use of electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) for the top-down analysis of GMP. The method allows the simultaneous detection of different GMP forms that result from the combination of amino acid genetic variations and post-translational modifications, specifically phosphorylation and O-glycosylation. The different GMP forms were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry in both negative and positive mode and confirmation was achieved by tandem MS. The results showed the predominance of two genetic variants of GMP that occur as either mono- or bi-phosphorylated species. Additionally, these four forms can be modified with up to two O-glycans generally sialylated. The results demonstrate the presence of glycosylated, bi-phosphorylated forms of GMP never described before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Larry Lerno
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Campos Motta TM, Hoff RB, Barreto F, Andrade RBS, Lorenzini DM, Meneghini LZ, Pizzolato TM. Detection and confirmation of milk adulteration with cheese whey using proteomic-like sample preparation and liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Talanta 2013; 120:498-505. [PMID: 24468402 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Caseinomacropeptide (CMP) is a peptide released by chymosin in cheese production, remaining in whey. Thus, CMP can be used as a biomarker to fluid milk adulteration through whey addition. Commonly, CMP is analyzed by reversed phase (RP-HPLC) or size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). However, some psychrotropic microorganisms - specially Pseudomonas fluorescens - when present in storaged milk, can produce, by enzymatic pathway, a CMP-like peptide generally called pseudo-CMP. These two peptides differ from each other only by one amino acid. RP-HPLC and SEC methods are unable to distinguish these two peptides, which demand development of a confirmatory method with high selectivity. Considering the several degrees of glycosilation and phosphorylation sites in CMP, allied with possible genetic variation (CMP A and CMP B), analytical methods able to differentiate these peptides are extremely complex. In the present work, we developed a proteomic-like technique for separation and characterization of these peptides, using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization able to differentiate and subsequently quantify CMP and pseudo-CMP in milk samples in order to identify adulteration or contamination of these products. The method shows satisfactory precision (<11%) with a detection limit of 1.0 µg mL(-1) and quantification limit of 5.0 µg mL(-1). Specificity, matrix effects and applicability to real samples analysis were also performed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Campos Motta
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratorio Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Brazil.
| | - R B Hoff
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratorio Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Brazil
| | - F Barreto
- Laboratorio Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - R B S Andrade
- Laboratorio Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Brazil
| | - D M Lorenzini
- Laboratorio Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Brazil
| | - L Z Meneghini
- Laboratorio Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Brazil
| | - T M Pizzolato
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Zhang J, Ren Y, Ma Z, Huang B, Cai Z, Li D. Quantitative determination of bovine caseinoglycomacropeptide in infant formulas by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2751-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Taylor C, Woonton B. Quantity and carbohydrate content of glycomacropeptide fractions isolated from raw and heat-treated milk. Int Dairy J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Grey C, Edebrink P, Krook M, Jacobsson SP. Development of a high performance anion exchange chromatography analysis for mapping of oligosaccharides. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1827-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pang T, Bai C, Xu Y, Xu G, Yuan Z, Su Y, Peng L. Determination of Sugars in Tobacco Leaf by HPLC with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070600598993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pang
- a National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Changmin Bai
- a National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yanjuan Xu
- a National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Guowang Xu
- a National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyi Yuan
- b Biochemistry & Cell Biology Institute of Shanghai Institute for Biological Science , the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yong Su
- c Chuxiong Cigarette Company , Hongta Group , Chuxiong, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Liming Peng
- c Chuxiong Cigarette Company , Hongta Group , Chuxiong, Yunnan, P.R. China
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Thaysen-Andersen M, Thøgersen IB, Nielsen HJ, Lademann U, Brünner N, Enghild JJ, Højrup P. Rapid and individual-specific glycoprofiling of the low abundance N-glycosylated protein tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1. Mol Cell Proteomics 2007; 6:638-47. [PMID: 17205978 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m600407-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A gel-based method for a mass spectrometric site-specific glycoanalysis was developed using a recombinant glycoprotein expressed in two different cell lines. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography at nanoscale level was used to enrich for glycopeptides prior to MS. The glycoprofiling was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS and MS/MS. The method proved to be fast and sensitive and furthermore yielded a comprehensive site-specific glycan analysis, allowing a differentiation of the glycoprofiles of the two sources of recombinant protein, both comprising N-glycans of a highly heterogeneous nature. To test the potential of the method, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), a secreted low abundance N-glycosylated protein and a cancer marker, was purified in an individual-specific manner from plasma of five healthy individuals using IgG depletion and immunoaffinity chromatography. The corresponding TIMP-1 glycoprofiles were determined to be highly similar, comprising mainly bi- and triantennary complex oligosaccharides. Additionally it was shown that platelet-derived TIMP-1 displayed a similar glycoprofile. This is the first study to investigate the glycosylation of naturally occurring human TIMP-1, and the high similarity of the glycoprofiles showed that individual-specific glycosylation variations of TIMP-1 are minimal. In addition, the results showed that TIMP-1 derived from platelets and plasma is similarly glycosylated. This comprehensive and rapid glycoprofiling of a low abundance glycoprotein performed in an individual-specific manner allows for future studies of glycosylated biomarkers for person-specific detection of altered glycosylation and may thus allow early detection and monitoring of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Abstract
Separation of polar compounds on polar stationary phases with partly aqueous eluents is by no means a new separation mode in LC. The first HPLC applications were published more than 30 years ago, and were for a long time mostly confined to carbohydrate analysis. In the early 1990s new phases started to emerge, and the practice was given a name, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Although the use of this separation mode has been relatively limited, we have seen a sudden increase in popularity over the last few years, promoted by the need to analyze polar compounds in increasingly complex mixtures. Another reason for the increase in popularity is the widespread use of MS coupled to LC. The partly aqueous eluents high in ACN with a limited need of adding salt is almost ideal for ESI. The applications now encompass most categories of polar compounds, charged as well as uncharged, although HILIC is particularly well suited for solutes lacking charge where coulombic interactions cannot be used to mediate retention. The review attempts to summarize the ongoing discussion on the separation mechanism and gives an overview of the stationary phases used and the applications addressed with this separation mode in LC.
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Mollé D, Léonil J. Quantitative determination of bovine κ-casein macropeptide in dairy products by Liquid chromatography/Electrospray coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS) and Liquid chromatography/Electrospray coupled to tamdem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS). Int Dairy J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Manso MA, López-Fandiño R. κ-Casein Macropeptides from Cheese Whey: Physicochemical, Biological, Nutritional, and Technological Features for Possible Uses. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/fri-200033456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhang L, Xu J, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Determination of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone-labeled carbohydrates by liquid chromatography and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 793:159-65. [PMID: 12880863 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the method for the derivatization of carbohydrates with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) was simplified. One-third of the derivatization time was saved. Five monosaccharide derivatives have been well separated by MEKC and HPLC under optimized conditions. Good reproducibility could be obtained with relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the migration times within 5.0 and 2.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the developed methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of carbohydrates in Aloe powder and food. These methods are quite useful for routine analysis of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Zhang
- National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116011, China
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