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Yang H, Huang X, Yang M, Zhang X, Tang F, Gao B, Gong M, Liang Y, Liu Y, Qian X, Li H. Advanced analytical techniques for authenticity identification and quality evaluation in Essential oils: A review. Food Chem 2024; 451:139340. [PMID: 38678649 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Essential oils (EO), secondary metabolites of plants are fragrant oily liquids with antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and antioxidant effects. They are widely applied in food, medicine, cosmetics, and other fields. However, the quality of EOs remain uncertain owing to their high volatility and susceptibility to oxidation, influenced by factors such as the harvesting season, extraction, and separation techniques. Additionally, the huge economic value of EOs has led to a market marked by widespread and varied adulteration, making the assessment of their quality challenging. Therefore, developing simple, quick, and effective identification techniques for EOs is essential. This review comprehensively summarizes the techniques for assessing EO quality and identifying adulteration. It covers sensory evaluation, physical and chemical property evaluation, and chemical composition analysis, which are widely used and of great significance for the quality evaluation and adulteration detection of EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Jiangxi Guxiangjinyun Great Health Industry Co. Ltd, Nanchang 330096, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Jiangxi Guxiangjinyun Great Health Industry Co. Ltd, Nanchang 330096, China; College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Fangrui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Jiangxi Guxiangjinyun Great Health Industry Co. Ltd, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Mengya Gong
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xingyi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Jiangxi Guxiangjinyun Great Health Industry Co. Ltd, Nanchang 330096, China.
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Wang Y, Huang J, Lin X, Su W, Zhu P, Yang N, Adams E. Recent progress in the extraction of terpenoids from essential oils and separation of the enantiomers by GC-MS. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465118. [PMID: 38936162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Terpenoids possess significant physiological activities and are rich in essential oils. Some terpenoids have chiral centers and could form enantiomers with distinct physiological activities. Therefore, the extraction and separation of terpenoids enantiomers are very important and have attracted extensive attention in recent years. Meanwhile, the specific distribution and enantiomer excess results (the excess of one enantiomer over the other in a mixture of enantiomers) could be used as quality markers for illegitimate adulteration, origin identification, and exploring component variations and functional interrelations across different plant tissues. In this study, an overview of the progress in the extraction of terpenoids from essential oils and the separation of their enantiomers over the past two decades has been made. Extraction methods were retrieved by the resultant network visualization findings. The results showed that the predominant methods are hydrodistillation, solvent-free microwave extraction, headspace solid-phase microextraction and supercritical fluid extraction methods. GC-MS combined with chiral chromatography columns is commonly used for the separation of enantiomers, while 2D GC is found to have stronger resolution ability. Finally, some prospects for future research directions in the extraction and separation identification of essential oils are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jinchun Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xinyue Lin
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weike Su
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Peixi Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Ni Yang
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Adams
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, O&N2, PB 923 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Nodola P, Miya GM, Mazwi V, Oriola AO, Oyedeji OO, Hosu YS, Kuria SK, Oyedeji AO. Citrus limon Wastes from Part of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa: Medicinal, Sustainable Agricultural, and Bio-Resource Potential. Molecules 2024; 29:1675. [PMID: 38611954 PMCID: PMC11013870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The fruits of Citrus limon are often purchased for their vitamin C-rich juice, while the fruit peel and the tree leaves are discarded as wastes. This study obtained the chemical profiles of the essential oils (EOs) of C. limon wastes (the peel and leaves), evaluated their medicinal value as antioxidants, their potential for sustainable use in agriculture as an insecticide for post-harvest preservation of grains, and their potential as a bioresource in livestock feed formulations. The EOs were isolated from C. limon leaves and peel using a hydro-distillation method on a Clevenger apparatus. The oil constituents were identified using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) hyphenated technique. The oils were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods. An insecticidal study was conducted using contact toxicity, fumigation, and repellence bioassay methods against Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevils). Finally, the predicted income from using lemon peel as an alternative or substitute ingredient for maize in livestock feed formulations was obtained through a conventional simulation method. Chemically, limonene was found to be present in all the EOs analyzed (12-52%), while α-pinene was only found in the fresh leaf and peel oils (13.3% and 10.6%). Caryophyllene oxide was identified as the major component of the dried leaf oil (17.7%). At 20 µg m, the dry peel oil exhibited the highest inhibitory activity (52.41 ± 0.26%) against the DPPH radical, which was comparable to L-ascorbic acid (a standard antioxidant) at 54.25 ± 3.55%. The insecticidal study revealed that the dry peel oil is a better insect repellent (73.33 ± 6.95% at 10 µL) and fumigant (LC50 = 0.17 µL g-1 after 48 h) natural agent compared to the peel oil. Conversely, the dry peel oil showed a better contact activity (LC50 = 1.69 µL g-1) against the maize weevils compared to the dry leaf oil. The simulation study showed the cost of using dry lemon peel as an alternative to maize in livestock feed formulation to be ZAR 2.8 billion, compared against the higher cost of feed formulation with maize, which currently stands at ZAR 24.9 billion. This study has shown that C. limon wastes (the peel and leaves) contain EOs with unique chemical profiles, valuable medicinal properties as free radical scavengers, and considerable insecticidal properties for agricultural use in post-harvest grain preservation, presenting a cost-effective and promising bioresource for livestock feed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phumelele Nodola
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa; (P.N.); (G.M.M.); (V.M.); (A.O.O.)
| | - Gugulethu M. Miya
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa; (P.N.); (G.M.M.); (V.M.); (A.O.O.)
| | - Vuyokazi Mazwi
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa; (P.N.); (G.M.M.); (V.M.); (A.O.O.)
| | - Ayodeji O. Oriola
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa; (P.N.); (G.M.M.); (V.M.); (A.O.O.)
| | | | - Yiseyon S. Hosu
- Department of Business Management and Economics, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
| | - Simon K. Kuria
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
| | - Adebola O. Oyedeji
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa; (P.N.); (G.M.M.); (V.M.); (A.O.O.)
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Ganjitabar H, Hadidi R, Garcia GA, Nahon L, Powis I. Analysis of the volatile monoterpene composition of citrus essential oils by photoelectron spectroscopy employing continuously monitored dynamic headspace sampling. Analyst 2023; 148:6228-6240. [PMID: 37987708 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01448g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A new photoelectron spectroscopic method permitting a quantitative analysis of the volatile headspace of several essential oils is presented and discussed. In particular, we focus on the monoterpene compounds, which are known to be the dominant volatile components in many such oils. The photoelectron spectra of the monoterpene constituents may be effectively isolated by accepting for analysis only those electrons that accompany the production of m/z = 136 ions, and by using low photon energies that restrict cation fragmentation. The monoterpene isomers are then identified and quantified by regression modelling using a library of terpene standard spectra. An advantage of this approach is that pre-concentration of the volatile vapour is not required, and all steps are performed at ambient temperature, avoiding the possible deleterious effects (such as isomerisation/decomposition) that may sometimes arise in gas chromatographic (GC) procedures. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, three citrus oils (lemon, lime, bergamot) are analysed with this approach and the results are compared with reported GC composition profiles obtained for these oils. Potential advantages of the methodology that include multiplex detection and real-time, in situ analysis are identified and discussed. Alternative and faster experimental implementations concerning laboratory-based ionization and detection schemes are proposed and considered, as is the possibility of a straightforward extension towards simultaneous determination of enantiomeric excesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ganjitabar
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Rim Hadidi
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Gustavo A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Martini F, Jijakli MH, Gontier E, Muchembled J, Fauconnier ML. Harnessing Plant's Arsenal: Essential Oils as Promising Tools for Sustainable Management of Potato Late Blight Disease Caused by Phytophthora infestans-A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7302. [PMID: 37959721 PMCID: PMC10650712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato late blight disease is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans and is listed as one of the most severe phytopathologies on Earth. The current environmental issues require new methods of pest management. For that reason, plant secondary metabolites and, in particular, essential oils (EOs) have demonstrated promising potential as pesticide alternatives. This review presents the up-to-date work accomplished using EOs against P. infestans at various experimental scales, from in vitro to in vivo. Additionally, some cellular mechanisms of action on Phytophthora spp., especially towards cell membranes, are also presented for a better understanding of anti-oomycete activities. Finally, some challenges and constraints encountered for the development of EOs-based biopesticides are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Martini
- Joint and Research Unit, 1158 BioEcoAgro Junia, 59000 Lille, France;
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Innovation, BIOPI-UPJV, UMRT BioEcoAgro INRAE1158, UFR Sciences of University of Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80000 Amiens, France;
| | - M. Haïssam Jijakli
- Integrated and Urban Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Eric Gontier
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Innovation, BIOPI-UPJV, UMRT BioEcoAgro INRAE1158, UFR Sciences of University of Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80000 Amiens, France;
| | - Jérôme Muchembled
- Joint and Research Unit, 1158 BioEcoAgro Junia, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
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Filatov VA, Ilin EA, Kulyak OY, Kalenikova EI. Development and Validation of a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Analysis of the Novel Plant-Based Substance with Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1558. [PMID: 37887259 PMCID: PMC10603869 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The research into new pharmaceutical substances based on essential oils, individual biologically active phytochemicals, and plant extracts is a priority in field of pharmaceutical sciences. A novel multicomponent substance based on Melaleuca alternifolia (M. alternifolia) leaf oil (TTO), 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), and (-)-α-bisabolol with potent synergetic antimicrobial activity was investigated and suggested for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and dandruff. The objective of this research was to establish and validate a specific, accurate, and precise gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for further quantitative and qualitative analysis in order to ensure quality control. The main parameters of validation were suitability, specificity, linearity, accuracy, and intermediate precision according to the European Pharmacopoeia (XI edition), Russian Pharmacopoeia (XIV edition), and some parameters of ICH requirements. The peaks of fifteen chemical phytoconstituents were identified in the test sample solution with the prevalence of (-)-α-bisabolol (27.67%), 1,8-cineole (25.63%), and terpinen-4-ol (16.98%). These phytochemicals in the novel substance were chosen for standardization and validation of the GC-MS method. The chosen chromatographic conditions were confirmed for testing of the plant-based substance in a suitability test. It was established that the GC-MS method provides a significant separation, symmetry of peaks and resolution between phytochemicals. The calibration curves of each phytochemical had good linearity (R2 > 0.999) in five concentrations. In the same concertation range, the accuracy of terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineol, and (-)-α-bisabolol determination using the method of additives was 98.3-101.60%; the relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 0.89% to 1.51% and corresponded to requirements. The intraday and interday precision was ≤2.56%. Thus, the GC-MS method was validated to be specific, sensitive, linear, accurate, and precise. This GC-MS method could be recommended as a routine analytic technique for multicomponent plant-based substances-enriched terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor A. Filatov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Organization of Pharmaceutical Business, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Y.K.); (E.I.K.)
- Science Center, SkyLab AG, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Egor A. Ilin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olesya Yu. Kulyak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Organization of Pharmaceutical Business, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Y.K.); (E.I.K.)
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 117216 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I. Kalenikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Organization of Pharmaceutical Business, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Y.K.); (E.I.K.)
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Zhao J, Quinto M, Zakia F, Li D. Microextraction of essential oils: A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464357. [PMID: 37696126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase microextraction (LPME) and solid phase microextraction (SPME) are popular extraction techniques for sample preparation due to their green and highly efficient single-step extraction efficiency. With the increasing attention to essential oils, their evaluation and analysis are significant in analytical sciences. In this review, starting from a brief description of the recent advances in the last decade, the attention has been focused on the up-to-date research works and applications based on liquid and solid phase microextraction for essential oil analyses. Particular attention has been given to the approaches using ionic liquids, eutectic solvents, gas flow assisted, and novel composite materials. In the end, the technological convergence of novel microextraction of essential oils in the future has been prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Analysis and Inspection Center, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Maurizio Quinto
- Department of Chemistry, Analysis and Inspection Center, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin, China; Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Fatima Zakia
- Department of Chemistry, Analysis and Inspection Center, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Analysis and Inspection Center, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin, China; Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin, China.
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Bungau AF, Radu AF, Bungau SG, Vesa CM, Tit DM, Purza AL, Endres LM. Emerging Insights into the Applicability of Essential Oils in the Management of Acne Vulgaris. Molecules 2023; 28:6395. [PMID: 37687224 PMCID: PMC10489792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of pustules, comedones, nodules, and cysts defines acne vulgaris, a prevalent chronic inflammatory dermatological condition. In the past few decades, essential oils extracted from varied natural sources have acquired recognition due to their potential medicinal applications in acne therapy. However, there is not yet sufficient medical data to fully characterize this interaction. Multiple factors contribute to the development of acne vulgaris, including excessive sebaceous production, inflammatory processes, hyperkeratinization, and infection with Cutibacterium acnes. Essential oils, including oregano, lavender, lemon grass, myrtle, lemon, thyme, eucalyptus, rosemary, and tea tree, have been found to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, which may target the multifactorial causes of acne. Analytical methods for determining antioxidant potential (i.e., total phenolic content, diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, ferrous ion chelating activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive species assay, β-carotene bleaching assay, etc.) are essential for the evaluation of these essential oils, and their method optimization is crucial. Further studies could include the development of novel acne treatments incorporating essential oils and an assessment of their efficacy in large clinical trials. In addition, further research is necessary to ascertain the mechanisms of action of essential oils and their optimal doses and safety profiles for optimal implementation in the management of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Florina Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.F.B.); (C.M.V.); (D.M.T.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.F.B.); (C.M.V.); (D.M.T.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.F.B.); (C.M.V.); (D.M.T.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.F.B.); (C.M.V.); (D.M.T.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.F.B.); (C.M.V.); (D.M.T.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Anamaria Lavinia Purza
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Laura Maria Endres
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
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Filatov VA, Kulyak OY, Kalenikova EI. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potential of a Plant-Based Substance for the Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030328. [PMID: 36986428 PMCID: PMC10053605 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is the most prevalent dermatological disease, occurring in up to 50% of newborns, children, and adults around the world. The antibacterial and antifungal resistance contributed to the search for new natural substances and the development of a novel substance based on Melaleuca alternifolia (M. alternifolia) leaf oil (TTO), 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), and α-(-)-bisabolol. Thus, this work aimed to determine the chemical composition of the novel plant-based substance and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity against standard microorganisms involved in the pathogenesis of SD. Moreover, the chemical composition of the substance was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) were used for antimicrobial and antifungal assays by means of the broth microdilution method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Finally, the substance’s ability to inhibit Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) was evaluated. Eighteen compounds from different chemical groups were identified by GC/MS. The major biologically active compounds of the substance were terpinen-4-ol (20.88%), 1,8-cineole (22.28%), (-)-α-bisabolol (25.73%), and o-cymene (8.16%). The results showed that the substance has a synergistic antimicrobial and antifungal activity, while S. epidermidis and C. albicans strains were the most susceptible. Furthermore, the substance inhibited M. furfur, which is a main pathogen involved in the pathogenesis of SD and clinical manifestations. It can be concluded that the novel plant-based substance has a promising potential against M. furfur and scalp commensal bacteria and may be helpful for the development of new drugs for treatment of dandruff and SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor A. Filatov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy and Organization of Pharmaceutical Business, Faculty of Basic Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1 Lomonosovsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- SkyLab AG, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Olesya Yu. Kulyak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy and Organization of Pharmaceutical Business, Faculty of Basic Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1 Lomonosovsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 117216 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I. Kalenikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy and Organization of Pharmaceutical Business, Faculty of Basic Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1 Lomonosovsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Bioautography Activity of Essential Oil from Leaves of Amazon Plant Clinopodium brownei (Sw.). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041741. [PMID: 36838728 PMCID: PMC9962765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Amazonian region of Ecuador has an extremely rich vegetal biodiversity, and its inhabitants have proven to have a millennial ancestral knowledge of the therapeutic and medicinal use of these resources. This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil obtained from the medicinal plant Clinopodium brownei (Sw.) Kuntze, which is widely spread in tropical and subtropical America. This species is traditionally used for treating respiratory and digestive diseases and is also known for its analgesic properties. Most of the molecules detected on a non-polar column were ethyl cinnamate 21.4%, pulegone 20.76%, methyl cinnamate 16.68%, caryophyllene 8.17%, β-selinene 7.92% and menthone 7.51%, while those detected on a polar column were: pulegone 29.90%, ethyl cinnamate 18.75%, methyl cinnamate 13.82%, caryophyllene 10.0% and menthone 8.04%. The antioxidant activity by the assays, DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2.2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), shows the following values of 50% inhibition of oxidation, IC50 DPPH 1.77 mg/mL, IC50 ABTS 0.06 mg/mL, which, compared to the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris (natural positive control), turn out to be less active. Bioautography indicates that the molecules responsible for the antioxidant activity are derived from cinnamic acid: ethyl cinnamate and methyl cinnamate, and caryophyllene. The antimicrobial activity on the nine microorganisms evaluated shows bacterial growth inhibitory concentrations ranging from 13.6 mg/mL for Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990 to 3.1 mg/mL for Candida albicans ATCC 10231; the results are lower than those of the positive control. Bioautography assigns antimicrobial activity to caryophyllene. The results indicate a very interesting activity of the essential oil and several of its molecules, validating the traditional use and the importance of this medicinal plant from Ecuador.
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Essential Oils from Six Aromatic Plants of Langtang National Park: Insights on Their Chemical Constituents via GC-MS Analysis. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to provide an insight on the chemical constituents of essential oils obtained from six aromatic plants of the Langtang National Park (LNP), Nepal. LNP harbors an enriched biodiversity of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs). The composition of essential oils obtained from Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don, Artemisia dubia Wall. ex Besser, Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn., Elsholtzia fruticosa (D. Don) Rehder, Juniperus recurva Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don and Rhododendron setosum D. Don, were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oils were extracted via the hydrodistillation method using the Clevenger apparatus. GC-MS analysis showed that E-caryophyllene, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, β-pinene and δ-cadinene in Rhododendron anthopogon; santolina-triene, β-cubebene and sabinene in Artemisia dubia; β-myrcene, β-cubebene, E-β-ocimene and bicyclogermacrene in Boenninghausenia albiflora; perillene, eucalyptol and β-pinene in Elsholtzia fruticosa; δ-3-carene, cadina-1(6),4-diene and δ-cadinene in Juniperus recurva; trans-sabinyl acetate, sabinene, α-elemol and germacrene D in Rhododendron setosum are the principal components. The major compounds in the essential oil were monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, representing almost 80% to 90% of the total constituents of the essential oil. In comparison to the previous studies, the results showed a significant difference in the qualitative composition of the essential oil. This is also the first report on the study of chemical constituents from the essential oil of R. setosum. Despite hosting a plethora of MAPs, only a limited number of studies have been carried out to identify their chemical and biological properties. Hence, further investigations on the MAPs of the Langtang region are highly essential to identify the major chemical constituents and explore their biological activities.
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Comparison of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Hyphenated to an Ultraviolet Detector and Gas Chromatography Hyphenated to a Flame Ionization Detector for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Citrus Essential Oils. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9070183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparison between the classical gas chromatography (GC) technique with supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) technology was performed using an essential oil of Citrus limon (lemon) as a model, considering its wide use in the cosmetic world. For the qualitative part, the signal annotation was achieved by mass spectrometry using either an electron ionization (EI) or an atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) source. For the quantitative part, GC was hyphenated to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and SFC to an ultraviolet detector (SFC-UV). The assay of the major component of citrus oil, i.e., limonene, was carried out by SFC-UV. The similar results obtained between GC-FID and SFC-UV allows SFC-UV to be considered as an alternative to GC-FID for Citrus oil characterization. Then, analyses of an essential oil collection from Citrus fruits were achieved to confirm the potential use of SFC-UV for oil classification in the context of quality control of raw materials in cosmetics.
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Shotgun Lipidomic Analysis for Differentiation of Niche Cold Pressed Oils. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061848. [PMID: 35335212 PMCID: PMC8949066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast-growing food industry is bringing significant number of new products to the market. To protect consumers’ health and rights, it is crucial that food control laboratories are able to ensure reliable quality testing, including product authentication and detection of adulterations. In our study, we applied a fast and eco-friendly method based on shotgun-lipidomic mass spectrometry for the authentication of niche edible oils. Comprehensive lipid profiles of camelina (CA), flax (FL) and hemp (HP) seed oils were obtained. With the aid of principal component analysis (PCA), it was possible to detect and distinguish each of them based on their lipid profiles. Lipidomic markers characteristic ofthe oils were also identified, which can be used as targets and expedite development of new multiplexed testing methods.
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Ranecky ST, Park GB, Samartzis PC, Giannakidis IC, Schwarzer D, Senftleben A, Baumert T, Schäfer T. Detecting chirality in mixtures using nanosecond photoelectron circular dichroism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2758-2761. [PMID: 35044414 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05468f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report chirality detection of structural isomers in a gas phase mixture using nanosecond photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD). Combining pulsed molecular beams with high-resolution resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) allows specific isolated transitions belonging to distinct components in the mixture to be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Ranecky
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, Kassel 34132, Germany
| | - G Barratt Park
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany. .,Max Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 41061, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Peter C Samartzis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Lasers, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), P. O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Ioannis C Giannakidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Lasers, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), P. O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110, Greece.,Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Max Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Arne Senftleben
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, Kassel 34132, Germany
| | - Thomas Baumert
- Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, Kassel 34132, Germany
| | - Tim Schäfer
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany. .,Max Planck Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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Selective Separation of Polar Unsaturated Organics Using a Water Stationary Phase in Gas Chromatography. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Tarhan İ. A robust method for simultaneous quantification of eugenol, eugenyl acetate, and β-caryophyllene in clove essential oil by vibrational spectroscopy. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 191:112928. [PMID: 34455289 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in tandem with chemometrics was used for accurate quantification of total eugenol, eugenyl acetate, and β-caryophyllene compounds of clove oil (CO) using partial least squares (PLS) regression with various spectral derivatization methods. A set of six of the fifty-one CO samples was chosen to build up the calibration sets for the compounds, while the rest were selected as the prediction set. Data for total eugenol, eugenyl acetate, and β-caryophyllene was acquired by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and used as reference values for ATR-FTIR calibration. The best calibration results were achieved using raw spectra in the region 1560-1480, 1814-1700, and 2954-2780 cm-1 for total eugenol, eugenyl acetate, and β-caryophyllene with high regression coefficients (R-square) of 0.9999, 0.9966, and 0.9997, respectively and low root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values of 0.5054%, 0.2330%, and 0.4593%, respectively. The results of the study indicated that ATR-FTIR with PLS regression could be used for accurate and simultaneous quantification of total eugenol, eugenyl acetate, and β-caryophyllene compounds of COs without using any toxic chemicals or pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Tarhan
- Selçuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, 42130, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey.
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Ali I, Ali M, Shareef H, Naeem S, Khadim A, Ali M, Amber F, Hussain H, Ismail M, Shah STA, Noor A, Wang D. Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of "Cherchoomoro" (Nepeta adenophyta Hedge). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114402. [PMID: 34245832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nepeta adenophyta Hedge (Lamiaceae) is an endemic therapeutic herb from Astore, Gilgit (Pakistan). This plant species has been reported among the local communities, especially for treating abdominal pain, kidney pain, menstrual pain, headache, and controlling bleeding disorders. Therefore, the scientific basis is provided for the relief of pain as it is used in various pain management among the natives, especially as ethnogynecological herbal remedy. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study investigates the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanolic extract of N. adenophyta in animal models. Furthermore, the extract was also studied to determine their valuable phytoconstituents. MATERIAL AND METHODS The biological effects were determined via tail-flick, hot plate, and acetic-acid-induced abdominal writhing methods. At the same time, anti-inflammatory activity was assesed via oxidative burst and antioxidant DPPH assay. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques were employed to understand the phytochemicals present in the crude ethanolic extract of Nepeta adenophyta. RESULTS In the current study, Nepeta adenophyta extract exhibited potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects on different pain models and indicated that the analgesic effect of N. adenophyta extract is mediated both in central and peripheral ways. Dose-dependent and significant (P < 0.05) increases were shown in pain threshold, at 45 min post-treatment, with 20 and 40 mg/kg of the extract in the tail-flick model. The effects of the extract were similar to aspirin but lower to those by morphine (2.5 mg/kg) in the same tests. The extract (20-40 mg/kg) showed dose-dependent inhibition of writhing with a significant (P < 0.001) increase protection against thermal stimuli in hot plate test as compared to control and similar to aspirin and morphine. Further, the anti-inflammatory activity of the crude in oxidative burst and DPPH assays showed significant inhibitory activity. The chemical profile analysis showed major phytochemicals, including long chain derivatives of alkane and alcohol, phenolics, naphthalene, naphthopyran, androsten phenanthrenone, nepetalactones, flavonoids etc. CONCLUSIONS: Nepeta adenophyta Hedge is suggested as a natural alternative for mild pain relief. Our findings endorse the folklore use of N. adenophyta in different pain managements which can be attributed to the presence of polyphenolic compounds, naphthalene derivatives, flavanoids and nepetalactones etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ali
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, 15100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, 15100, Pakistan.
| | - Huma Shareef
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, 75510, Pakistan.
| | - Sadaf Naeem
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, 75510, Pakistan.
| | - Adeeba Khadim
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Meher Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, 15100, Pakistan.
| | - Faiza Amber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, 15100, Pakistan.
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, 15100, Pakistan.
| | | | - Ali Noor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, 15100, Pakistan.
| | - Daijie Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
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Lebanov L, Paull B. Smartphone-based handheld Raman spectrometer and machine learning for essential oil quality evaluation. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4055-4062. [PMID: 34554153 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00886b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a method, utilising a smartphone-based miniaturized Raman spectrometer and machine learning for the fast identification and discrimination of adulterated essential oils (EOs). Firstly, the approach was evaluated for discrimination of pure EOs from those adulterated with solvent, namely benzyl alcohol. In the case of ylang-ylang EO, three different types of adulteration were examined, adulteration with solvent, cheaper vegetable oil and a lower price EO. Random Forest and partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) showed excellent performance in discriminating pure from adulterated EOs, whilst the same time identifying the type of adulteration. Also, utilising partial least squares regression analysis (PLS) all adulterants, namely benzyl alcohol, vegetable oil and lower price EO, were quantified based on spectra recorded using the smartphone Raman spectrometer, with relative error of prediction (REP) being between 2.41-7.59%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Lebanov
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Processing Advanced Lignocellulosics Products (PALs), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Processing Advanced Lignocellulosics Products (PALs), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Lebanov L, Chung Lam S, Tedone L, Sostaric T, Smith JA, Ghiasvand A, Paull B. Radical scavenging activity and metabolomic profiling study of ylang-ylang essential oils based on high-performance thin-layer chromatography and multivariate statistical analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1179:122861. [PMID: 34339956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ylang-ylang (YY) essential oil (EO) is distilled from the fresh-mature flowers of the Annonaceae family tropical tree Cananga odorata [Lam.] Hook. f. & Thomson, and is widely used in perfume and cosmetic industries for its fragrant character. Herein, two different metabolomic profiles obtained using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), applying different stains, namely 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) and p-anisaldehyde, were used for discrimination of 52 YY samples across geographical origins and distillation grades. The first profile is developed using the DPPH· stain based on the radical scavenging activity (RSA) of YY EOs. Results of the HPTLC-DPPH· assay confirmed that RSA of YY EOs is in proportion to the length of distillation times. Major components contributing to the RSA of YY EOs were tentatively identified as germacrene D and α-farnesene, eugenol and linalool, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID). The second profile was developed using the general-purpose p-anisaldehyde stain based on the general chemical composition of YY EOs. Untargeted metabolomic discrimination of YY EOs from different geographical origins was performed based on the HPTLC-p-anisaldehyde profiles, followed by principal component analysis (PCA). A discrimination and prediction model for identification of YY distillation grade was developed using PCA and partial least squares regression (PLS) based on binned HPTLC-ultraviolet (254 nm) profiles, which was successfully applied to distillation grade determination of blended YY Complete EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Lebanov
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Processing Advanced Lignocellulosics Products (PALs), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Shing Chung Lam
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Laura Tedone
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Jason A Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Processing Advanced Lignocellulosics Products (PALs), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
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20
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Development and validation of a gas chromatography method for the determination of β-caryophyllene in clove extract and its application. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13853. [PMID: 34226604 PMCID: PMC8257650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to check the effectiveness of the analysis method that separates and quantifies β-caryophyllene among clove extracts and validate according to current ICH guidelines. The β-caryophyllene was active constituent of clove buds. The developed method gave a good detection response. In the specificity test, the standard solution was detected at about 17.32 min, and the test solution was detected at 17.32 min. The linearity of β-caryophyllen was confirmed, and at this time, the correlation coefficient (R2) of the calibration curve showed a high linearity of 0.999 or more in the concentration range. The levels of LOD and LOQ were 1.28 ug/mL and 3.89 ug/mL, respectively. The accuracy was confirmed to be 101.6–102.2% and RSD 0.95 ~ 1.31%. As a result of checking the repeatability and inter-tester reproducibility to confirm the precision, the RSD was found to be 1.34 ~ 2.69%. This validated GC method was successfully applied to a soft capsule containing clove extract and other materials for clinical trials. Therefore, this method can be used as an analytical tool for quality control of various samples, including clove extracts and their products of food and pharmaceutical uses.
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Dekić MS, Radulović NS, Selimović ES, Boylan F. A series of esters of diastereomeric menthols: Comprehensive mass spectral libraries and gas chromatographic data. Food Chem 2021; 361:130130. [PMID: 34062458 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive data collection of mass spectral and gas chromatographic data of a series of esters of diastereomeric menthols (menthol, isomenthol, neomenthol, and neoisomenthol), in total 150 chemical entities, obtained by GC-MS on commonly used capillary columns of different polarity (non-polar HP-5MS and polar HP-Innowax), was created. Also, MS libraries containing electron ionization MS recorded on single quadrupole as well as on quadrupole ion-trap mass detectors together with the RIs on non-polar and polar columns were compiled (available as supplementary materials). The results point out to frequent misidentification of neoisomenthyl acetate as isomenthyl acetate in the literature, and the means of how to resolve this issue was suggested. The outcomes of this study provide chemists and food technologists with a useful tool in the field of food analysis of compounds with important food aroma properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan S Dekić
- Department of Chemical and Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Niko S Radulović
- Department of Chemical and Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Enisa S Selimović
- Department of Chemical and Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Fabio Boylan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Chitosan coating incorporated with grape seed extract and Origanum vulgare essential oil: an active packaging for turkey meat preservation. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Lebanov L, Ghiasvand A, Paull B. Data handling and data analysis in metabolomic studies of essential oils using GC-MS. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1640:461896. [PMID: 33548825 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography electron impact ionization mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) has been, and remains, the most widely applied analytical technique for metabolomic studies of essential oils. GC-EI-MS analysis of complex samples, such as essential oils, creates a large volume of data. Creating predictive models for such samples and observing patterns within complex data sets presents a significant challenge and requires application of robust data handling and data analysis methods. Accordingly, a wide variety of software and algorithms has been investigated and developed for this purpose over the years. This review provides an overview and summary of that research effort, and attempts to classify and compare different data handling and data analysis procedures that have been reported to-date in the metabolomic study of essential oils using GC-EI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Lebanov
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Processing Advanced Lignocellulosics (PALS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Processing Advanced Lignocellulosics (PALS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
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Saeid Asr E, Naghibi S, Mojaddar Langroodi A, Moghaddas Kia E, Meshkini S, Ehsani A. Impact of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Coating Incorporated with Rosemary Essential Oil and sodium Acetate on the Quality and Shelf Life of Rainbow Trout Fillet. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2020.1850586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Saeid Asr
- Food Science and Technology Department, Afagh Higher Education Institute, Urmia, Iran
| | - Samaneh Naghibi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Mojaddar Langroodi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ehsan Moghaddas Kia
- Food Science and Technology Department, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Saeed Meshkini
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Ehsani
- Food Science and Quality Control Department, Nutrition Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Espinosa S, Bec N, Larroque C, Ramírez J, Sgorbini B, Bicchi C, Cumbicus N, Gilardoni G. A Novel Chemical Profile of a Selective In Vitro Cholinergic Essential Oil from Clinopodium taxifolium (Kunth) Govaerts (Lamiaceae), a Native Andean Species of Ecuador. Molecules 2020; 26:E45. [PMID: 33374888 PMCID: PMC7795002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel chemical profile essential oil, distilled from the aerial parts of Clinopodium taxifolium (Kunth) Govaerts (Lamiaceae), was analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS, qualitative analysis) and Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID, quantitative analysis), with both polar and non-polar stationary phase columns. The chemical composition mostly consisted of sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids (>70%), the main ones being (E)-β-caryophyllene (17.8%), α-copaene (10.5%), β-bourbonene (9.9%), δ-cadinene (6.6%), cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene (6.4%) and germacrene D (4.9%), with the non-polar column. The essential oil was then submitted to enantioselective GC analysis, with a diethyl-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-β-cyclodextrin diluted in PS-086 chiral selector, resulting in the following enantiomeric excesses for the chiral components: (1R,5S)-(-)-α-thujene (67.8%), (1R,5R)-(+)-α-pinene (85.5%), (1S,5S)-(-)-β-pinene (90.0%), (1S,5S)-(-)-sabinene (12.3%), (S)-(-)-limonene (88.1%), (S)-(+)-linalool (32.7%), (R)-(-)-terpinen-4-ol (9.3%), (S)-(-)-α-terpineol (71.2%) and (S)-(-)-germacrene D (89.0%). The inhibition activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) of C. taxifolium essential oil was then tested, resulting in selective activity against BChE with an IC50 value of 31.3 ± 3.0 μg/mL (positive control: donepezil, IC50 = 3.6 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Espinosa
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (S.E.); (C.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Nicole Bec
- IRMB, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, 34298 Montpellier, France;
| | - Christian Larroque
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (S.E.); (C.L.); (J.R.)
- Supportive Care Unit, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Jorge Ramírez
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (S.E.); (C.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Barbara Sgorbini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (B.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (B.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Nixon Cumbicus
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
| | - Gianluca Gilardoni
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (S.E.); (C.L.); (J.R.)
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Armijos C, Matailo A, Bec N, Salinas M, Aguilar G, Solano N, Calva J, Ludeña C, Larroque C, Vidari G. Chemical composition and selective BuChE inhibitory activity of the essential oils from aromatic plants used to prepare the traditional Ecuadorian beverage horchata lojana. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113162. [PMID: 32736051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOBOTANICAL AND ETHNOMEDICINAL RELEVANCE In southern Ecuador, horchata lojana is a popular aromatic and refreshing beverage that is prepared from an aqueous infusion of different mixtures of local medicinal and aromatic plants. The drink is considered a traditional anti-inflammatory agent and brain tonic; due these properties, it has been drunk since Colonial Times. Several pharmacological studies have evaluated the effects of horchata aqueous infusion. However, the aromatic profile and the contribution of the volatile components to the biological activity of the drink have not been investigated so far. For these reasons, we have determined the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) distilled from five mixtures of aromatic plants commonly used for the preparation of this traditional drink. Moreover, to support the curative properties of the aromatic plants, the anticholinesterase activity of the EOs was examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS Different bunches of fresh mixed medicinal and aromatic plants, called tongos, are sold at local markets in the province of Loja for the preparation of different types of horchata. In this research we have purchased plant bunches sold at five popular markets of Loja province. Subsequently, aromatic plants in each bunch were separated from medicinal plants and were then hydrodistilled to give the corresponding EOs. Subsequently, the chemical composition of each EO was determined by GC-MS/GC-FID techniques, whereas the cholinesterase inhibitory activity in vitro was determined against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. AIMS OF THE STUDY i) to contribute to the chemical and pharmacological study of the aroma components of the traditional Ecuadorian drink horchata lojana; ii) to identify botanically the mixtures of aromatic plants used to make the drink; iii) to establish, on the basis of the chemical composition of the EOs, the compounds mainly responsible for the characteristic beverage flavor; iv) to establish the possible existence of an aromatic pattern characteristic of each horchata preparation; v) to test the anticholinesterase activity of the EOs against AChE and BuChE in order to support the traditional consume of the drink as an effective brain tonic. RESULTS A total of 23 botanical families and 32 species of plants used for the preparation of five different variants of the traditional horchata lojana beverage, have been identified. Fourteen aromatic species were determined to be responsible for the characteristic flavor of the drink. All the analyzed EOs belong to the monoterpene type. A total of 88 compounds have been identified in the different EOs, twenty-four of which are common components of the oils. CONCLUSIONS According to the main components of the EOs distilled from the five groups of horchata lojana plants, four aromatic profiles have been defined: (i) neral + geranial + carvone, (ii) neral + geranial + myrcene; (iii) geranial + methyl eugenol + isomenthone + neral + citronellol; (iv) (E)-anethole + geranial + pulegone. Moreover, according to the literature, several aromatic plants and individual EOs components exhibit a wide range of biological activities. This finding as well as the significant BuChE inhibitory activity exhibited in vitro by the EOs give scientific support to the use of identified aromatic plants in the traditional preparation of horchata, that is considered a natural analgesic and anti-inflammatory remedy, and an effective brain tonic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chabaco Armijos
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, s/n, Loja, 11 01 608, Ecuador.
| | - Andrea Matailo
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, s/n, Loja, 11 01 608, Ecuador
| | - Nicole Bec
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Inserm U 1183, CHRU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Melissa Salinas
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, s/n, Loja, 11 01 608, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Aguilar
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, s/n, Loja, 11 01 608, Ecuador
| | - Nidia Solano
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, s/n, Loja, 11 01 608, Ecuador
| | - James Calva
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, s/n, Loja, 11 01 608, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Ludeña
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, s/n, Loja, 11 01 608, Ecuador
| | - Christian Larroque
- Supportive Care Unit, Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute, ICM, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Medical Analysis Department, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Abdullahi A, Ahmad K, Ismail IS, Asib N, Ahmed OH, Abubakar AI, Siddiqui Y, Ismail MR. Potential of Using Ginger Essential Oils-Based Nanotechnology to Control Tropical Plant Diseases. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 36:515-535. [PMID: 33312089 PMCID: PMC7721540 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.05.2020.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have gained a renewed interest in many disciplines such as plant disease control and medicine. This review discusses the components of ginger EOs, their mode of action, and their potential nanotechnology applications in controlling tropical plant diseases. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography, and headspace procedures are commonly used to detect and profile their chemical compositions EOs in ginger. The ginger EOs are composed of monoterpenes (transcaryophyllene, camphene, geranial, eucalyptol, and neral) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (α-zingiberene, ar-curcumene, β-bisabolene, and β-sesquiphellandrene). GC-MS analysis of the EOs revealed many compounds but few compounds were revealed using the headspace approach. The EOs have a wide range of activities against many phytopathogens. EOs mode of action affects both the pathogen cell's external envelope and internal structures. The problems associated with solubility and stability of EOs had prompted the use nanotechnology such as nanoemulsions. The use of nanoemulsion to increase efficiency and supply of EOs to control plant diseases control was discussed in this present paper. The findings of this review paper may accelerate the effective use of ginger EOs in controlling tropical plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Abdullahi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sokoto State University, P.M.B 234, Birnin Kebbi Road, Sokoto State, Nigeria
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khairulmazmi Ahmad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Institute of Plantation Studies (IKP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 4400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 300 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Norhayu Asib
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Osumanu Haruna Ahmed
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Bintulu Campus Sarawak, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Institute of Ecosystem Science Borneo, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Bintulu Campus Sarawak, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 9008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Abubakar Ismaila Abubakar
- Department of Integrated Science, School of Secondary Education (Science), Federal College of Education (Technical) Bichi, P.M.B 3473, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Yasmeen Siddiqui
- Institute of Plantation Studies (IKP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 4400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Razi Ismail
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 300 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Ganji S, Svensson FG, Unelius CR. Asymmetric Synthesis of Oxygenated Monoterpenoids of Importance for Bark Beetle Ecology. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3332-3337. [PMID: 33170693 PMCID: PMC7705961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the asymmetric syntheses of a number of oxygenated terpenoids that are of importance in the chemical ecology of bark beetles. These are pinocamphones, isopinocamphones, pinocarvones, and 4-thujanols (= sabinene hydrates). The camphones were synthesized from isopinocampheol, the pinocarvones from β-pinene, and the thujanols from sabinene. The NMR spectroscopic data, specific rotations, and elution orders of their stereoisomers on a chiral GC-phase (β-cyclodextrin) are also reported. This enables facile synthesis of pure compounds for biological activity studies and identification of stereoisomers in mixed natural samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Ganji
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, Linnaeus University, 392 31 Kalmar, Sweden
| | | | - C. Rikard Unelius
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, Linnaeus University, 392 31 Kalmar, Sweden
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29
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Nirmala MJ, Durai L, Gopakumar V, Nagarajan R. Preparation of Celery Essential Oil-Based Nanoemulsion by Ultrasonication and Evaluation of Its Potential Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7651-7666. [PMID: 33116493 PMCID: PMC7553139 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s252640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Plants have always been a significant source of natural active components with biological properties. Celery seed oil (extracted from Apium graveolens) has several potential applications, but its therapeutic uses in the form of nanoemulsion formulation need to be investigated further in order to meet the demand in cancer treatment, and to alleviate the prevailing crisis arising from increased antimicrobial resistance. Methods The therapeutic potential of celery seed oil was investigated through the formulation and testing of a nanoemulsion developed with Tween 80 (a non-ionic surfactant) and the utilization of an ultrasonication technique. Anticancer and apoptotic properties of the formulation were evaluated through MTT and Annexin V-FITC assays. The clonogenic assay aided in the identification of the antiproliferative properties of the formulation on oral squamous cell carcinoma. The antimicrobial study was supported by agar well diffusion assay, membrane integrity test and scanning electron microscopy. Results Experiments identified relevant parameters, including optimal surfactant concentration and emulsification time. GC-MS analysis identified various components in the celery oil, but not their biological activities. A sonication time of 20 min resulted in a droplet diameter of 23.4 ± 1.80 nm. The IC50 concentration of the optimal nanoemulsion formulation against SAS cells was 1.4 µL/mL. At this concentration, cell proliferation was significantly reduced through inhibition of the anchorage-independent cell growth by disrupting colony formation and inducing cell death (apoptosis) of cancer cells. The nanoemulsion was also treated with a microbial suspension of S. aureus, and displayed antibacterial properties through lipid membrane fusion, causing cytoplasmic leakage as verified through agar well diffusion and membrane permeability assays. Scanning electron microscopy revealed complete distortion of the bacterial pathogen. Conclusion The results in this study present celery as a possible constituent for cancer therapeutics and as a candidate for aggressive, yet safe cancer treatment. The celery-based nanoemulsion has the potential to act as a key alternative to standard antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joyce Nirmala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Latha Durai
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Vineet Gopakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Ramamurthy Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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30
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Abstract
Background:
A lack of regulation about the chemical composition of essential oils and the
growing popularity of these oils among consumers presents an urgent need for the accurate characterization
of various oil types from a variety of manufacturers. The aim of this paper was to characterize
the composition of essential oils bought from a popular retail location, with the goal of understanding
the chemical composition and presence of adulterants with potential toxicity.
Methods:
Reported herein is an investigation into the components of a variety of essential oils using
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The investigation initially focused on two popular
oils, tea tree and lavender oil, and then moved to investigate four additional essential oils from the
same brand (sandalwood, rose, eucalyptus, and lemongrass).
Results:
Results of this analysis indicated that all six store brand essential oils contained Carbitol (in
concentrations from 23% to 35%), and four of the six oils had diethyl phthalate (in concentrations
ranging from 0.33% to 16%). These toxicants are particularly concerning because they are known inhalation
hazards, and the intended usage of these oils is for aromatherapy (i.e. inhalation).
Conclusion:
These results highlight a potentially significant and under-reported health concern from
inhalation of toxic contaminants in the store brand oils, and showcase the need for more regulation
and transparency about the composition of these commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Dubnicka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Benjamin Cromwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 65 Ramat HaGolan Street, Ariel, Israel
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31
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Ivanović M, Islamčević Razboršek M, Kolar M. Innovative Extraction Techniques Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Analytical Methods for the Isolation and Characterization of Natural Bioactive Compounds from Plant Material. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1428. [PMID: 33114332 PMCID: PMC7690858 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The growing interest of the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries in naturally occurring bioactive compounds or secondary plant metabolites also leads to a growing demand for the development of new and more effective analysis and isolation techniques. The extraction of bioactive compounds from plant material has always been a challenge, accompanied by increasingly strict control requirements for the final products and a growing interest in environmental protection. However, great efforts have been made in this direction and today a considerable number of innovative extraction techniques have been developed using green, environmentally friendly solvents. These solvents include the deep eutectic solvents (DES) and their natural equivalents, the natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). Due to their adjustable physical-chemical properties and their green character, it is expected that DES/NADES could be the most widely used solvents in the future, not only in extraction processes but also in other research areas such as catalysis, electrochemistry or organic synthesis. Consequently, this review provided an up-to-date systematic overview of the use of DES/NADES in combination with innovative extraction techniques for the isolation of bioactive compounds from various plant materials. The topicality of the field was confirmed by a detailed search on the platform WoS (Web of Science), which resulted in more than 100 original research papers on DES/NADES for bioactive compounds in the last three years. Besides the isolation of bioactive compounds from plants, different analytical methods are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Ivanović
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Maša Islamčević Razboršek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Mitja Kolar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mojaddar Langroodi A, Mehdizadeh T, Majidi L, Neyriz‐Naghadehi M. Lactobacillus acidophilus
and
Anethum graveolens
essential oil in Iranian cheese against
Escherichia coli
O157:H7. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mojaddar Langroodi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Tooraj Mehdizadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Lalezar Majidi
- Department of Biology Science Faculty of Islamic Azad University Urmia Iran
| | - Moslem Neyriz‐Naghadehi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control Veterinary Faculty of Islamic Azad University Urmia Iran
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Bitterling H, Lorenz P, Vetter W, Conrad J, Kammerer DR, Stintzing FC. Rapid Spectrophotometric Method for Assessing Hydroperoxide Formation from Terpenes in Essential Oils upon Oxidative Conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9576-9584. [PMID: 32786842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils are widely used in the food and cosmetics industry as natural flavoring and fragrance substances. For this reason, a thorough quality control applying selected analytical methods is required. Oxidation along with hydroperoxide formation is an important drawback during production and storage of essential oils. Hydroperoxides constitute the main products formed upon photo-oxidation of essential oils. Due to hydroperoxide instability, gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses are required. According to the European Pharmacopoeia, titration is the official method for oxidation assessment. However, this analysis is time-consuming, and large sample quantities are required. Here, we present a simple and accurate spectrophotometric method for the detection of peroxide trace amounts in essential oils and terpenes. The principle is based on the formation of Wurster's red, which is enforced by the peroxide-driven oxidation of N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (DMPD). The method was validated using dibenzoyl peroxide (DBP) and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). To demonstrate the suitability of the method for routine analysis, various oxidized terpenes and essential oils were chosen. Moreover, photo- and thermal oxidation experiments were compared and evaluated using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and a synthesized limonene-2-hydroperoxide (Lim-2-OOH) reference standard to gather detailed information on the structural changes of the respective terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Bitterling
- Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Dorfstraße 1, 73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Peter Lorenz
- Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Dorfstraße 1, 73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Garbenstraße 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Conrad
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Chemistry, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dietmar R Kammerer
- Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Dorfstraße 1, 73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Florian C Stintzing
- Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Dorfstraße 1, 73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany
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Proshkina E, Plyusnin S, Babak T, Lashmanova E, Maganova F, Koval L, Platonova E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Terpenoids as Potential Geroprotectors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060529. [PMID: 32560451 PMCID: PMC7346221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and terpenoids are the largest groups of plant secondary metabolites. However, unlike polyphenols, they are rarely associated with geroprotective properties. Here we evaluated the conformity of the biological effects of terpenoids with the criteria of geroprotectors, including primary criteria (lifespan-extending effects in model organisms, improvement of aging biomarkers, low toxicity, minimal adverse effects, improvement of the quality of life) and secondary criteria (evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of action, reproducibility of the effects on different models, prevention of age-associated diseases, increasing of stress-resistance). The number of substances that demonstrate the greatest compliance with both primary and secondary criteria of geroprotectors were found among different classes of terpenoids. Thus, terpenoids are an underestimated source of potential geroprotectors that can effectively influence the mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Sergey Plyusnin
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Tatyana Babak
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Lashmanova
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Liubov Koval
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Elena Platonova
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-8212-312-894
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35
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Relationships in Gas Chromatography—Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—Comprehensive and Multilinear Analysis. SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/separations7020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular spectroscopic detection techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), provides additional specificity for isomers where often mass spectrometry (MS) fails, due to similar fragmentation patterns. A hyphenated system of gas chromatography (GC) with FTIR via a light-pipe interface is reported in this study to explore a number of GC–FTIR analytical capabilities. Various compound classes were analyzed—aromatics, essential oils and oximes. Variation in chromatographic peak parameters due to the light-pipe was observed via sequentially-located flame ionization detection data. Unique FTIR spectra were observed for separated mixtures of essential oil isomers having similar mass spectra. Presentation of GC×FTIR allows a ‘comprehensive’-style experiment to be developed. This was used to obtain spectroscopic/separation profiles for interconverting oxime species with their individual spectra in the overlap region being displayed on a color contour plot. Partial least square regression provides multivariate quantitative analysis of co-eluting cresol isomers derived from GC–FTIR data. The model resulted in an R2 of 0.99. Prediction was obtained with R2 prediction value of 0.88 and RMSEP of 0.57, confirming the method’s suitability. This study explores the potential of GC–FTIR hyphenation and re-iterates its value to derive unambiguous and detailed molecular information which is complementary to MS.
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36
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Truan C, Peres C, Engel E. Unraveling ingredients in complex mixtures by chromatographic spectrum recognition: Application to perfume deformulation. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Truan
- INRA Saint‐Genès‐Champanelle France
- Analytiss Paris France
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37
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Nirmala MJ, Durai L, Rao KA, Nagarajan R. Ultrasonic Nanoemulsification of Cuminum cyminum Essential Oil and Its Applications in Medicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:795-807. [PMID: 32103937 PMCID: PMC7008196 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s230893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Study Cumin seed oil (extracted from Cuminum cyminum) has many applications but conclusive evidence of its therapeutic uses has not been presented. This study has explored the anticancer and antibacterial properties of the seed oil. Methods The cumin nanoemulsion was prepared with Tween 80 non-ionic surfactant employing ultra-sonication technology. The anticancer activity of the nanoscale-based emulsion was evaluated through cell viability (MTT), antiproliferation evaluation through clonogenic assay, and apoptosis through Annexin V-FITC assay. Agar well diffusion was used to study the antimicrobial activity, and this was supported by membrane integrity analysis. Results A thorough study of process parameters, aimed at obtaining the optimal surface concentration and emulsification time, was completed. GC-MS data indicated cumaldehyde as a major component. The resultant droplet diameter after a sonication time of 5 min was 10.4 ± 0.5 nm. MTT assay revealed the IC50 value at 1.5 µL/mL and the early induction of apoptosis was evident. Tongue carcinoma cell line treated with cumin nanoemulsion presented a diminished colony formation. The nanoemulsion exhibited significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus. A significant cytoplasmic leakage was observed on treatment with cumin nanoemulsion. The consequences of the analysis projected cumin as a potential component for cancer therapy. Conclusion This study provides definitive evidence for cumin essential oil nanoemulsion as a legitimate plant-based medicine that can bypass the drawbacks of the present aggressive treatment of cancer, can overcome the antimicrobial resistance, and can also meet all prerequisites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joyce Nirmala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Latha Durai
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Kagitala Anvesh Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - R Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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38
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Ramírez CX, Palacio Lozano DC, Jones HE, Cabanzo Hernández R, Barrow MP, Mejia-Ospino E. The fingerprint of essential bio-oils by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Analyst 2020; 145:3414-3423. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six essential oils were analyzed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled to negative electrospray ionization (ESI(–)/FT-ICR MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia X. Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Espectroscopia Atómica y Molecular (LEAM)
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Bucaramanga
- Colombia
| | | | - Hugh E. Jones
- Laboratorio de Espectroscopia Atómica y Molecular (LEAM)
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Bucaramanga
- Colombia
| | - Rafael Cabanzo Hernández
- Laboratorio de Espectroscopia Atómica y Molecular (LEAM)
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Bucaramanga
- Colombia
| | - Mark P. Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | - Enrique Mejia-Ospino
- Laboratorio de Espectroscopia Atómica y Molecular (LEAM)
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Bucaramanga
- Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Tomografía y Tecnologías Emergentes (GIT)
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39
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Quesada-Moreno MM, Krin A, Schnell M. Analysis of thyme essential oils using gas-phase broadband rotational spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:26569-26579. [PMID: 31782453 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05583e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A semi-quantitative analysis of the components of two natural essential oils has been carried out using broadband rotational spectroscopy, which is inherently molecule specific. The samples under study were two thyme essential oils from Spain with different compositions: (a) with thymol as the most abundant species (thyme I) and (b) with linalool and 4-carvomenthenol being the most abundant ones (thyme II). Relative intensity measurements of selected rotational transitions were carried out to estimate the abundances of the different species present in these complex mixtures, taking into account the square of the respective dipole moment components. One strength of rotational spectroscopy is its structure sensitivity. Here, we also re-investigated the microwave spectrum of linalool and determined the accurate experimental gas-phase structures of thymol and linalool through the assignment of all 13C isotopologues of their lowest energy conformers. A characteristic splitting pattern of the rotational transitions due to internal rotation of two non-equivalent methyl groups of linalool was observed in the thyme II spectrum. Their internal rotation barriers were experimentally determined to 4.7703(96) kJ mol-1 and 9.2581(74) kJ mol-1, respectively.
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40
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Lotti C, Ricciardi L, Rainaldi G, Ruta C, Tarraf W, De Mastro G. Morphological, Biochemical, and Molecular Analysis of Origanum vulgare L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874331501913010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The variation on morphological, biochemical, and genetic characters is very important in germplasm management and conservation strategies.
Objective:
To determine the diversity of 23 accessions from Origanum vulgare L. and a commercial cultivar on the basis of agronomical, biochemical and genetic features.
Methods:
Different characters related to vegetative growth and essential oil production were studied while the genetic relationships between the individuals were evaluated with the use of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism.
Results:
Despite the accessions exhibited cymyl- and acyclic-compounds, all the essential oil chemotypes according to the prevalence of essential oil fractions were phenotypically varied. A considerable amount of biomass with maximum values in plant height was achieved by thymol/γ-terpinene chemotype and carvacrol chemotype making them of particular interest for the production of high-quality plant material and further for the mechanical harvest. The AFLP analysis, performed using 10 primer combinations, to obtain a dendrogram of genetic similarity, revealed a genetic variability that could be useful for the selection of the proper genetic groups in future breeding programs.
Conclusion:
We identified two chemotypes thymol/γ-terpinene and carvacrol with their suitability for the production of biomass and essential oil and for the mechanical harvest. The results of the molecular characterization of the species may support and contribute to breeding programmes for agronomic and biochemical traits.
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41
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Diop EA, Jacquat J, Drouin N, Queiroz EF, Wolfender JL, Diop T, Schappler J, Rudaz S. Quantitative CE analysis of punicalagin in Combretum aculeatum extracts traditionally used in Senegal for the treatment of tuberculosis. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2820-2827. [PMID: 31407800 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an infectious bacterial disease, which most commonly affects the lungs. In the search for novel active compounds or medicines against tuberculosis, an ethnopharmacological survey combined with a host-pathogen assay has recently highlighted the potency of an aqueous extract of Combretum aculeatum. C. aculeatum is used in traditional medicine and has demonstrated a significant in vitro antimycobacterial activity. Punicalagin, an ellagitannin, was isolated and found to be related to the biological activity of the extract. An analytical method for the evaluation of punicalagin in C. aculeatum was developed by capillary electrophoresis. After method optimization, the quantification of punicalagin was achieved for the evaluation of various plant extracts to determine the content of punicalagin related to the extraction modes and conditions, origin of the plant material, and harvesting period. The developed method demonstrated that the leaves presented the highest punicalagin content compared to the seeds and stems. A decoction of 30 min in boiling water was found to be the best extraction mode of C. aculeatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- ElHadji Assane Diop
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Biology Department, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jenna Jacquat
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Drouin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tahir Diop
- Biology Department, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Julie Schappler
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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42
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Mehdizadeh T, Mojaddar Langroodi A. Chitosan coatings incorporated with propolis extract and Zataria multiflora Boiss oil for active packaging of chicken breast meat. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:401-409. [PMID: 31487519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of dipping in combination of propolis extract (PE) and chitosan (CH) coating enriched with Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZEO) on chemical, microbial and organoleptic properties of poultry meat was determined at 4 °C. GC-MS analysis showed that the most components of PE were Dihydrochrysin (9.69%) and b- Pinostrobin (7.41%). The results of mesophilic total viable plate counts (TVC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Psychotropic bacteria and Pseudomonas spp. showed detectably lower (p < 0.05) microbial count in CH-PE 1%-Z 0.5% and CH-PE 1%-Z 1% samples at the last day of storage. The results of chemical characteristics (pH, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) in all treated samples compared with the control, revealed that there is a synergistic effect between CH, PE and ZEO. In the sensorial assessment, treatments containing 1% PE- 0.5% ZEO and 1% PE- 1% ZEO were mostly acceptable by the sensory analyst. These results offer a successful approach that chitosan coating enriched with combination of ZEO and PE can be an improving method to reducing deterioration of fresh packed chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooraj Mehdizadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, 1177 Urmia, Iran.
| | - Ali Mojaddar Langroodi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, 1177 Urmia, Iran
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43
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Mehdizadeh T, Mojaddar Langroodi A, Shakouri R, Khorshidi S. Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of probiotic yogurt enhanced with
Anethum graveolens
essential oil. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tooraj Mehdizadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUrmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Ali Mojaddar Langroodi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUrmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Roghieh Shakouri
- Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azarbaijan Urmia Iran
| | - Sonia Khorshidi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUrmia University Urmia Iran
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44
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Schiebe C, Unelius CR, Ganji S, Binyameen M, Birgersson G, Schlyter F. Styrene, (+)-trans-(1R,4S,5S)-4-Thujanol and Oxygenated Monoterpenes Related to Host Stress Elicit Strong Electrophysiological Responses in the Bark Beetle Ips typographus. J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:474-489. [PMID: 31053976 PMCID: PMC6570694 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bark beetles kill apparently vigorous conifers during epidemics by means of pheromone-mediated aggregation. During non-endemic conditions the beetles are limited to use trees with poor defense, like wind-thrown. To find olfactory cues that help beetles to distinguish between trees with strong or weak defense, we collected volatiles from the bark surface of healthy felled or standing Picea abies trees. Furthermore, living trees were treated with methyl jasmonate in order to induce defense responses. Volatiles were analyzed by combined gas chromatography and electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) on Ips typographus antennae. Compounds eliciting antennal responses were characterized by single sensillum recording for identification of specific olfactory sensory neurons (OSN). Release of monoterpene hydrocarbons decreased, while oxygenated compounds increased, from spring to early summer in felled trees. In both beetle sexes particular strong EAD activity was elicited by trace amounts of terpene alcohols and ketones. 4-Thujanol gave a very strong response and the absolute configuration of the tested natural product was assigned to be (+)-trans-(1R,4S,5S)-thujanol by stereoselective synthesis and enantioselective gas chromatography. One type of OSN responded to all ketones and five other OSN were characterized by the type of compounds that elicited responses. Three new OSN classes were found. Of the eight EAD-active compounds found in methyl jasmonate-treated bark, the known anti-attractant 1,8-cineole was the one most strongly induced. Our data support the hypothesis that highly active oxygenated host volatiles could serve as positive or negative cues for host selection in I. typographus and in other bark beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schiebe
- Chemical Ecology, Department Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 102, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.,Department Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Stuvaregatan 2, 392 31, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - C Rikard Unelius
- Department Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Stuvaregatan 2, 392 31, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Suresh Ganji
- Department Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Stuvaregatan 2, 392 31, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Binyameen
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.,Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sci, Excellent Team for Mitigation, Czech University Life Sci Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague 6, 16521, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Göran Birgersson
- Chemical Ecology, Department Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 102, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Schlyter
- Chemical Ecology, Department Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 102, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.,Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sci, Excellent Team for Mitigation, Czech University Life Sci Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague 6, 16521, Suchdol, Czech Republic
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45
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de Matos SP, Lucca LG, Koester LS. Essential oils in nanostructured systems: Challenges in preparation and analytical methods. Talanta 2019; 195:204-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Reyes-Jurado F, Navarro-Cruz AR, Ochoa-Velasco CE, Palou E, López-Malo A, Ávila-Sosa R. Essential oils in vapor phase as alternative antimicrobials: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1641-1650. [PMID: 30880425 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1586641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial effectiveness of essential oils (EOs) against many foodborne microorganisms when applied by direct contact has been extensively demonstrated. However, the vapor phase and volatile components present in EOs have not been thoroughly investigated; there are a small number of published reports on the antimicrobial activity of some EOs and a few of their components against selected microorganisms. It is well known that the antimicrobial activity of EOs depends mainly on their chemical composition. It is also important; however, to understand the volatility of these compounds as well as the methodologies used to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of their vapor phase. This review focuses on recent research regarding the chemical composition of EOs, their biological activity and mechanisms of action, the antimicrobial activity of EOs in the vapor phase, the different techniques that have been proposed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of EOs in the vapor phase, and actual and potential applications of EOs in the vapor phase. Although there is still no standard methodology for determining the activity of EOs in the vapor phase, results reported thus far are encouraging and suggest possible applications in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Reyes-Jurado
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Addí Rhode Navarro-Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | | | - Enrique Palou
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Alimentos, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Pue, Mexico
| | - Aurelio López-Malo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Alimentos, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Pue, Mexico
| | - Raúl Ávila-Sosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
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47
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Robledo SN, Pierini GD, Nieto CHD, Fernández H, Zon MA. Development of an electrochemical method to determine phenolic monoterpenes in essential oils. Talanta 2018; 196:362-369. [PMID: 30683377 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and non-expensive method is proposed to determine phenolic monoterpenes such as thymol and carvacrol in essential oils of thyme and oregano. The linear sweep voltammetry based on glassy carbon electrodes was the electrochemical technique used. Thymol and carvacrol have one main oxidation peak in non-aqueous media centered at about 1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The electron transfer process is mainly diffusion controlled. The calibration plots generated using the commercial standards of thymol and carvacrol were used to estimate the total content in real samples. The calibration plots were linear in the concentration range from 8.5 × 10-5 to 1.3 × 10-3 mol L-1 and 7.9 × 10-5 to 1.2 × 10-3 mol L-1 for thymol and carvacrol, respectively. Results obtained with the electrochemical method are in good agreement with those of the official method (gas chromatography). In addition, the analytical procedure does not require previous preparation of the sample or modification of the electrode surface. The electrochemical technique used is very simple to apply. Under these conditions, the methodology proposed is a good, simple and fast option to perform a quality control of essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Noel Robledo
- Departamento de Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal N°3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina; Grupo de Electroanalítica (GEANA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal N°3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina.
| | - Gastón Darío Pierini
- Grupo de Electroanalítica (GEANA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal N°3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina.
| | - César Horacio Díaz Nieto
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energía de Jujuy-CIDMEJu, Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico General Manuel Savio, Palpalá 4612, Jujuy, Argentina.
| | - Héctor Fernández
- Grupo de Electroanalítica (GEANA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal N°3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina.
| | - María Alicia Zon
- Grupo de Electroanalítica (GEANA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal N°3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina.
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48
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Lebanov L, Tedone L, Kaykhaii M, Linford MR, Paull B. Multidimensional Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis. Part 2: Application to Characterisation and Identification. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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49
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Fast authentication of tea tree oil through spectroscopy. Talanta 2018; 189:404-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Multidimensional Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis. Part 1: Technical Developments. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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