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Hassan J, Shams GR, Pourrastegar M, Pourshaban-Shahrestani A. Application of salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction for the determination of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, tilmicosin, and tylosin in cow milk by liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. MethodsX 2024; 12:102616. [PMID: 38379725 PMCID: PMC10877961 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper introduces a novel, sensitive, and rapid method for the quantification of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, tilmicosin, and tylosin residues in cow's milk. The method involves a two-step process of extraction and detection. The extraction process uses acetonitrile and salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction to isolate the antibiotics from the milk. The detection process employs Liquid Chromatography coupled with photo-diode array detector (PDA) to quantify the antibiotics. The method has been successfully applied to milk samples, demonstrating its effectiveness and potential for widespread use in residue analysis.•The calibration curves for the antibiotics were found to be linear within the range of 0.06-3.0 µg/mL to 0.1-3.0 µg/mL.•The limits of detection for oxytetracycline, tetracycline, tilmicosin, and tylosin were 0.03 µg/mL, 0.02 µg/mL, 0.04 µg/mL, and 0.02 µg/mL respectively.•The method demonstrated an average recovery rate of over 90% from milk samples with peak values reaching up to 0.100-0.200 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Hassan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Qareeb Street Azadi Av. Iran Tehran, Tehran P.O.Box: 14155-6453, Iran
| | - Gholam-Reza Shams
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Pourshaban-Shahrestani
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Qareeb Street Azadi Av. Iran Tehran, Tehran P.O.Box: 14155-6453, Iran
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Xu Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Huang L, Wu H, Ren J, Gu C, Chen Z. Enhanced photodegradation of tylosin in the presence of natural montmorillonite: Synergistic effects of adsorption and surface hydroxyl radicals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158750. [PMID: 36108839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tylosin (TYL) is a ubiquitous macrolide antibiotic which has been frequently detected in natural aqueous environment. Montmorillonite (MMT), a major component of natural suspended particles, plays essential roles in the transportation and transformation processes of various organic contaminants. This study systematically investigated the photodegradation behavior and mechanism of TYL in MMT suspensions under simulated sunlight irradiation. In the existence of 0.1 g L-1 Na-MMT, >80.8 % TYL was degraded after 8 h irradiation, which was significantly higher than that in the absence of MMT (42.5 %). Further mechanistic studies suggested that the synergistic effects including the formation of surface complex and the generation of surface hydroxyl radicals play essential roles in the accelerated TYL phototransformation. Meanwhile, other factors like exchangeable cations of MMTs, pH and ionic strength could also strongly influence the TYL photodegradation. The probable degradation pathways of TYL in MMT suspension was further proposed based on the detected intermediates and DFT calculations. Photobacterium phospherium T3 bioluminescent assay revealed that the photodegradation products of TYL have a lower acute toxicity than bulk TYL, especially in the presence of MMT. This study provides new insights for the photodegradation pathways of organic contaminants in aqueous environments, which is of great importance for assessing the fate and risk of emerging pollutants in natural surface water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring & Restoration Project on Land (arable), Ministry of Natural Resources Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, PR China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xinhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Liuqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring & Restoration Project on Land (arable), Ministry of Natural Resources Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, PR China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring & Restoration Project on Land (arable), Ministry of Natural Resources Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, PR China
| | - Zhanghao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Cuozzo S, de Moreno de LeBlanc A, LeBlanc J, Hoffmann N, Tortella G. Streptomyces genus as a source of probiotics and its potential for its use in health. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Elazab ST, Elshater NS, Hashem YH, Park SC, Hsu WH. Pharmacokinetics, tissue residues, and ex vivo pharmacodynamics of tylosin against Mycoplasma anatis in ducks. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2019; 43:57-66. [PMID: 31667880 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of tylosin were investigated in 3 groups of ducks (n = 6). They received a single dose of tylosin (50 mg/kg) by intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and oral administrations, respectively. Plasma samples were collected at various time points to 24 hr post-administration to evaluate tylosin concentration over time. Additionally, tylosin residues in tissues and its withdrawal time were assessed using 30 ducks which received tylosin orally (50 mg/kg) once daily for 5 consecutive days. After IV administration, the volume of distribution, elimination half-life, area under the plasma concentration-time curve, and the total body clearance were 7.07 ± 1.98 L/kg, 2.04 hr, 19.47 µg hr/ml, and 2.82 L hr-1 kg-1 , respectively. After IM and oral administrations, the maximum plasma concentrations were 3.70 and 2.75 µg/ml achieved at 1 and 2 hr, and the bioavailability was 93.95% and 75.77%, respectively. The calculated withdrawal periods of tylosin were 13, 8, and 5 days for kidney, liver, and muscle, respectively. For the pharmacodynamic profile, the minimum inhibitory concentration for tylosin against M. anatis strain 1,340 was 1 µg/ml. The calculated optimal oral dose of tylosin against M. anatis in ducks based on the ex vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling was 61 mg kg-1 day-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara T Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nahla S Elshater
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yousreya H Hashem
- Mycoplasma Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Walter H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Bojaran M, Akbari A, Yunessnia lehi A. Novel ultrafiltration membranes with the least fouling properties for the treatment of veterinary antibiotics in the pharmaceutical wastewater. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Bojaran
- Institute of Nanoscience and NanotechnologyUniversity of Kashan Kashan Iran
| | - Ahmad Akbari
- Institute of Nanoscience and NanotechnologyUniversity of Kashan Kashan Iran
- Department of Carpet, Faculty of Architecture and ArtUniversity of Kashan Kashan Iran
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Salaramoli J, Heshmati A, Kamkar A, Hassan J. Effect of cooking procedures on tylosin residues in chicken meatball. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-015-1005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Song Y, Song S, Liu L, Kuang H, Guo L, Xu C. Simultaneous detection of tylosin and tilmicosin in honey using a novel immunoassay and immunochromatographic strip based on an innovative hapten. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1089843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Tissue residues, hematological and biochemical effects of tilmicosin in broiler chicken. Vet Med Int 2014; 2014:502872. [PMID: 24808972 PMCID: PMC3998004 DOI: 10.1155/2014/502872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the blood and tissue concentrations profile and effect of tilmicosin on some hematological and biochemical parameters in broiler chicken. Fifty clinically healthy Hubbard chickens were orally administered 25 mg/kg BW of tilmicosin once daily for 5 consecutive days. Tissue residues of tilmicosin in slaughtered healthy chicken could not be detected by microbiological assay in all tested tissues except in lung (at 96 hours) and liver and kidneys (at 72 hours) after last administration. Tilmicosin caused temporary decrease in the RBCs and WBCs counts and has no effect on hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume concentration (PCV). Also, the effect of tilmicosin on some biochemical parameters was as follows: the concentrations of creatinine, uric acid, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and calcium), glucose, AST, ALT, ALP, and HDL-cholesterol in the serum of treated chicken did not change in response to the repeated oral administration of tilmicosin. There were only a temporary significant decrease in total protein and albumin concentrations and a significant increase in cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations. Chicken must not be slaughtered before 4 days from the stopping of tilmicosin administration. Tilmicosin makes temporary changes on hematological and biochemical parameters in broiler chicken.
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Ji LW, Dong LL, Ji H, Feng XW, Li D, Ding RL, Jiang SX. Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tylosin tartrate and tylosin phosphate after a single oral and i.v. administration in chickens. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:312-5. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.-W. Ji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - L.-L. Dong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - H. Ji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - X.-W. Feng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - D. Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - R.-L. Ding
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - S.-X. Jiang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
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Zhang JK, Qi YH, Liu JX, Wang JP. Heterologous immunoassay for screening macrolide antibiotics residues in milk based on the monoclonal antibody of tylosin. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2012.705820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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11
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Le T, He H, Niu X, Chen Y, Xu J. Development of an immunochromatographic assay for detection of tylosin and tilmicosin in muscle, liver, fish and eggs. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2012.716025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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McNamee SE, Cunningham R, Elliott CT. Simultaneous immunochemical detection of four banned antibiotic growth promoters in raw and cooked poultry tissue. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1270-8. [PMID: 23789918 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.801087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Spiramycin, tylosin, bacitracin and virginiamycin are among a group of antibiotic growth promoters that have been banned in the European Union since the 1999 Council. This was due to concerns over the development of resistant bacteria emerging between humans and animals with the threat of antibiotics no longer being able to be used effectively to treat human infections. A sensitive and fast immunochemical method is presented for the determination of these four antibiotic growth promoters simultaneously in poultry tissue. The method employs methanol extraction followed by sample clean-up by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with determination by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA). The limit of detection (LOD) was less than 1 ng g(-1) and the detection capability (CCβ) was 3 ng g(-1) or less for all four antibiotic growth promoters. Validation was completed with both raw and cooked chicken, therefore either matrix could be used for the monitoring of these banned drugs. In a feeding trial no residues of either bacitracin or virginiamycin were found in medicated birds even without a withdrawal period. In the case of tylosin and spiramycin much higher residues level were detected immunochemically than was the case by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E McNamee
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.
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Wei S, Le T, Chen Y, Xu J, He H, Niu X, Luo J. Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for quantitative determination of tylosin and tilmicosin in edible animal tissues. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Gaudin V, Hedou C, Verdon E. Validation of two ELISA kits for the screening of tylosin and streptomycin in honey according to the European decision 2002/657/EC. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:93-109. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.722696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Tao Y, Yu G, Chen D, Pan Y, Liu Z, Wei H, Peng D, Huang L, Wang Y, Yuan Z. Determination of 17 macrolide antibiotics and avermectins residues in meat with accelerated solvent extraction by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 897:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Peng D, Ye S, Wang Y, Chen D, Tao Y, Huang L, Liu Z, Dai M, Wang X, Yuan Z. Development and validation of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the screening of tylosin and tilmicosin in muscle, liver, milk, honey and eggs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:44-51. [PMID: 22136611 DOI: 10.1021/jf2037449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Incorrect use of tylosin and tilmicosin could result in allergy and select resistance. To monitor the illegal use of these antibiotics in animals, a monoclonal-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) has been established. Several haptens were synthesized and conjugated to carrier protein. Female Balb/c mice were inoculated with the four different conjugates to produce monoclonal antibodies according to the schemes of immunization. Aftercell fusion and culture several times, nine hybridoma cell lines were isolated. Only one, 3C4 that has isotype IgG2a, was selected for detailed study. The cross-reactivity of the monoclonal antibody 3C4 to tylosin and tilmicosin was 100% and 51% respectively. The standard curves based on the tylosin and tilmicosin matrix calibration ranged from 2.5 to 40 μg L(-1), with an IC(50) value of 6.1 μg L(-1) and 12.1 μg L(-1), respectively. The limits of detection of the ic-ELISA ranged from 5.1 μg kg(-1) to 13.8 μg kg(-1) in edible animal tissues. The recoveries were 74.1% to 120.7% with less than 18.6% of the coefficient of variation when tylosin and tilmicosin were spiked in various biological matrices with the concentrations of 25.0-200.0 μg kg(-1). Good correlations between the results of the ic-ELISA and high performance liquid chromatography were observed in the incurred tissues. These results suggest that the ic-ELISA is a sensitive, accurate and low-cost method that would be a useful tool for the screening of the residues of tylosin and tilmicosin in muscle, liver, milk, honey and eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Peng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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17
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Wang J, Leung D. Determination of spiramycin and neospiramycin antibiotic residues in raw milk using LC/ESI-MS/MS and solid-phase extraction. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:681-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wang J, Leung D, Lenz SP. Determination of five macrolide antibiotic residues in raw milk using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:2873-80. [PMID: 16608203 DOI: 10.1021/jf060068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A confirmatory method using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for determination of five macrolide antibiotics including spiramycin, tilmicosin, oleandomycin, erythromycin, and tylosin in raw milk is presented. Macrolides were extracted from raw milk by acetonitrile, and sample extracts were further cleaned up using solid-phase extraction cartridges. Data acquisition was achieved using multiple reaction monitoring, that is, two transitions, to provide a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Matrix-matched standard calibration curves with the use of roxithromycin as an internal standard were utilized to achieve the best accuracy of the method. Both a conventional validation procedure and a designed experiment were applied to study the accuracy and precision of the method. The measurement uncertainty arising from accuracy and precision was estimated. The method accuracy, expressed as a percentage of overall recovery, was approximately 100%, and its intermediate precision was <10%. LC-ESI/MS/MS method detection limits (S/N > or = 3:1) of five macrolides were <0.3 microg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Calgary Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3650 36th Street N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2L 2L1.
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González de la Huebra MJ, Vincent U. Analysis of macrolide antibiotics by liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 39:376-98. [PMID: 15963675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A compilation of the most representative single and multianalyte HPLC methods for the analysis of macrolide antibiotics published during the last two decades is presented in this paper. Its scope is the coverage of two main areas which require the determination of macrolide antibiotics at a low concentration level, i.e. pharmacokinetic studies and residue analysis. Both of these areas involve the treatment of biological and foodstuff matrices, respectively. A detailed explanation of the different sample preparation procedures as well as the experimental conditions and the main analytical features are provided for each referred method in order to allow the reader to select the most suitable conditions for their particular purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J González de la Huebra
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium.
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Moretto A, Tesolin L, Marsilio F, Schiavon M, Berna M, Veronese FM. Slow release of two antibiotics of veterinary interest from PVA hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 59:1-5. [PMID: 14751309 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2003.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two antibiotics, tylosin tartrate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride, were entrapped in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels (MW 31,000-50,000) by a cryogen procedure obtaining a controlled release system suitable for veterinary application. It was found that at a low drug matrix loading (10 mg/ml), the in vitro release rate of both antibiotics could be reduced by a previous freeze drying of the gel, while no reduction in drug rate took place in heavily loaded matrices (300 mg/ml). When PVA hydrogels containing tylosin were administered to rats per os the drug could not be detected in the blood, but it was found in organs,: liver, kidneys, and muscles, for up to 120 h. On the other hand, when the same amount of drug was administered orally as powder, no appreciable organ accumulation was detected, while the drug was found in faeces and urine. These data show that PVA hydrogels can be a suitable slow release system for tylosin administration. Oxytetracycline could also be quantitatively entrapped and released from PVA hydrogels, but once administered per os to rats, it was not detected in blood or organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moretto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
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Thompson TS, Noot DK, Calvert J, Pernal SF. Determination of lincomycin and tylosin residues in honey using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1020:241-50. [PMID: 14661747 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method for the determination of residues of the antibiotic drugs lincomycin and tylosin in honey was developed. The procedure employed a solid-phase extraction for the isolation of lincomycin and tylosin from diluted honey samples. The antibiotic residues were subsequently analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection. Average analyte recoveries for lincomycin and tylosin ranged from 84 to 107% in replicate sets of honey samples fortified with drug concentrations of 0.01, 0.5, and 10 microg/g. The method detection limits were determined to be 0.007 and 0.01 microg/g for lincomycin and tylosin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Thompson
- Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Food Safety Division, Agri-Food Laboratories Branch, 6909 116th Street, Edmonton, Alta., Canada T6H 4P2.
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Abstract
The depletion of tylosin from edible pig tissues was studied following 5 days of intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 10 mg/kg of tylosin to 16 crossbreed pigs. Animals were slaughtered at intervals after treatment and samples of muscle, kidney, liver, skin+fat, and injection site were collected and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Seven days after the completion of treatment, the concentration of tylosin in kidney, skin+fat, and at the injection site was higher than the European Union maximal residue limit (MRL) of 100 microg/kg. Tylosin residues in all tissues were below the quantification limit (50 microg/kg) at 10 and 14 days post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Prats
- Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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