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Maksimova E, Vlakh E, Sinitsyna E, Tennikova T. HPLC analysis of synthetic polymers on short monolithic columns. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3741-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maksimova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Evgenia Vlakh
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry; Saint-Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Ekaterina Sinitsyna
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry; Saint-Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Tatiana Tennikova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry; Saint-Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
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Karlsson E, Hirsh I. Ion exchange chromatography. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2011; 54:93-133. [PMID: 21954775 DOI: 10.1002/9780470939932.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evert Karlsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Applications of polymethacrylate-based monoliths in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:2637-50. [PMID: 18929365 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic columns were introduced in the early 1990s and have become increasingly popular as efficient stationary phases for most of the important chromatographic separation modes. Monoliths are functionally distinct from porous particle-based media in their reliance on convective mass transport. This makes resolution and capacity independent of flow rate. Monoliths also lack a void volume. This eliminates eddy dispersion and permits high-resolution separations with extremely short flow paths. The analytical value of these features is the subject of recent reviews. Nowadays, among other types of rigid macroporous monoliths, the polymethacrylate-based materials are the largest and most examined class of these sorbents. In this review, the applications of polymethacrylate-based monolithic columns are summarized for the separation, purification and analysis of low and high molecular mass compounds in the different HPLC formats, including micro- and large-scale HPLC modes.
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Abstract
The history of the development of short monolithic beds is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana B Tennikova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg 199004, Russia.
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Podgornik A, Tennikova TB. Chromatographic reactors based on biological activity. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2002; 76:165-210. [PMID: 12126268 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45345-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade there were many papers published on the study of enzyme catalyzed reactions performed in so-called chromatographic reactors. The attractive feature of such systems is that during the course of the reaction the compounds are already separated, which can drive the reaction beyond the thermodynamic equilibrium as well as remove putative inhibitors. In this chapter, an overview of such chromatographic bioreactor systems is given. Besides, some immobilization techniques to improve enzyme activity are discussed together with modern chromatographic supports with improved hydrodynamic characteristics to be used in this context.
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Strancar A, Podgornik A, Barut M, Necina R. Short monolithic columns as stationary phases for biochromatography. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2002; 76:49-85. [PMID: 12126271 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45345-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic supports represent a novel type of stationary phases for liquid and gas chromatography, for capillary electrochromatography, and as supports for bioconversion and solid phase synthesis. As opposed to individual particles packed into chromatographic columns, monolithic supports are cast as continuous homogeneous phases. They represent an approach that provides high rates of mass transfer at lower pressure drops as well as high efficiencies even at elevated flow rates. Therefore, much faster separations are possible and the productivity of chromatographic processes can be increased by at least one order of magnitude as compared to traditional chromatographic columns packed with porous particles. Besides the speed, the nature of the pores allows easy access even in the case of large molecules, which make monolithic supports a method of choice for the separation of nanoparticles like pDNA and viruses. Finally, for the optimal purification of larger biomolecules, the chromatographic column needs to be short. This enhances the speed of the separation process and reduces backpressure, unspecific binding, product degradation and minor changes in the structure of the biomolecule, without sacrificing resolution. Short Monolithic Columns (SMC) were engineered to combine both features and have the potential of becoming the method of choice for the purification of larger biomolecules and nanopartides on the semi-preparative scale.
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Abstract
Some of the problems associated with packed bed chromatography can be overcome by using synthetic macroporous and microporous membranes as chromatographic media. This paper reviews the current state of development in the area of membrane chromatographic separation of proteins. The transport phenomenon of membrane chromatography is briefly discussed and work done in this area is reviewed. The various separation chemistries which have been utilised for protein separation, along with different applications, are also reviewed. The technical challenges facing membrane chromatography are highlighted and the scope for future work is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ghosh
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK.
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Abstract
Membrane chromatography can overcome some of the problems associated with packed bed chromatography. In most membrane chromatographic studies reported so far, ion-exchange and affinity interactions have been utilised. In this paper the use of hydrophobic interactions for chromatographic separation is described. A polyvinylidene fluoride membrane was identified which could bind specific proteins in the presence of high ammonium sulphate concentration. The separation of CAMPATH-IG monoclonal antibody and bovine serum albumin using this membrane is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ghosh
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK.
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Debelak D, Fisher J, Iuliano S, Sesholtz D, Sloane DL, Atkinson EM. Cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography of recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 740:195-202. [PMID: 10821405 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There has been much interest recently in the development of recombinant viruses as vectors for gene therapy applications. We have constructed a recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector containing the gene encoding CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane chloride regulator). This vector is currently being used in clinical trials as a treatment for cystic fibrosis. In the course of scale-up and process optimization efforts, a variety of analyses have been developed to characterize yield and quality. Although these methods produce quantitative and highly reproducible results, most are very time intensive. For example, a standard bioassay requires a 72-h incubation period followed by an additional day of analysis. Other tests such as UV spectrophotometry are fast, but unable to distinguish between whole virus, free protein, and DNA. Here, we describe an analytical cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatographic method utilizing a TSKgel SP-NPR strong cation-exchange column. Unlike the bioassay which requires a 96-h wait for information, this method yields data in less than 20 min. In addition to the quick assay turn-around, the material eluting in the single peak was found to be intact, infectious, nuclease resistant AAV particles. This offers a significant advantage over the limited information one gains from UV spectrophotometry. This demonstrates the utility of chromatography for analysis and purification of viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Debelak
- Targeted Genetics Corporation, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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Lee WC. Protein separation using non-porous sorbents. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 699:29-45. [PMID: 9392366 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This article overviews the development of non-porous sorbents having small particle diameters which have proven effective for rapid analysis and micropreparative separation of proteins by liquid chromatography. Much attention is given to the preparation and application of silica- and polystyrene-based non-porous packings for various chromatographic modes, especially affinity chromatography. Modeling works on the prediction and parameter estimation for the dynamics of protein adsorption using non-porous sorbents are reviewed and briefly described. To conclude this review, future prospects of the application of non-porous sorbents are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Toribio F, Martínez-Lara E, Pascual P, López-Barea J. Methods for purification of glutathione peroxidase and related enzymes. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1996; 684:77-97. [PMID: 8906467 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The different preparative techniques and related analytical methods used for purification of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase and glutathione reductase, described in papers published in the last ten years, have been reviewed in this article. Among the different purification techniques, chromatography has played a relevant role, being reported in all the papers reviewed, whereas other preparative techniques such as electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing were less employed and have been reported in only ca. 3% of cases. Frequently, several different chromatographic modes and several rechromatography steps have been employed. The use of at least three different chromatographic modes has been reported in 53% of total reviewed papers, whereas 41% of them employed two differents modes and in only 6% a single preparative chromatographic step was used. To evaluate losses and improve recovery, analytical methods for quantitation of protein and assay of enzymatic activity must be used in each purification step. Among these analytical techniques, gel electrophoresis, under denaturing conditions, has been widely used to assess purity of enzyme preparation. A discussion of the different activity assay methods used for these three enzymes is also presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Toribio
- Departamento de Bioquímica v Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain
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Toribio F, Alhama J, López-Barea J. Methods for chromatographic and electrophoretic separation and assay of NADP oxidoreductases. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1996; 684:1-23. [PMID: 8906463 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The different techniques described in purification protocols for pyridine nucleotide-dependent enzymes have been reviewed, covering mainly the papers published in the past six years. Chromatography was reported in 100% of reviewed papers and among the chromatographic techniques, affinity chromatography was the most used (ca. 92%), followed by ion-exchange chromatography (ca. 79%), size-exclusion chromatography (ca. 64%) and hydrophobic chromatography (ca. 24%). Other chromatographic techniques were used infrequently. Each chromatographic technique has a different specific capacity and chemical selectivity and, therefore, the order of selection should be based on a precise knowledge of the nature of the sample and the amount of the target enzyme that it contains. Analytical electrophoresis was used in about 95% of the reviewed papers, with denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) being the most widely used mode (ca. 92%), followed by native PAGE (ca. 48%). The use of isoelectric focusing was reported in 14% of the papers, while preparative gel electrophoresis was used in only 8% of the cases. The use of other electrophoretic techniques was reported in only a few papers. The use of continuous enzymatic activity assay methods (spectrophotometric) was found in most papers, while high-performance liquid chromatography-based methods (discontinuous assays) were reported in only 11% of the reviewed articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Toribio
- Departmento de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecuiar, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdobo, Spain
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Hanson M, Unger KK, Mant CT, Hodges RS. Optimization strategies in ultrafast reversed-phase chromatography of proteins. Trends Analyt Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-9936(96)80766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Bullock J. High-temperature reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of a synthetic copolymer on a non-porous support. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00974-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Recent advances in biochromatography have focused on improvements in the design of stationary supports for liquid chromatography. During the past year, the innovative use of columns packed with small non-porous particles has significantly improved the efficiency of chromatographic separations. Bioseparations that previously took hours are now possible in only a few minutes.
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Comparative study of non-porous anion-exchange chromatography, capillary gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis in polymer solutions in the separation of DNA restriction fragments. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)85197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rapid analysis of biopolymers on modified non-porous polystyrene-divinylbenzene particles. Chromatographia 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02274118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bertini V, Pocci M, Picci N, De Munno A. Synthesis of vinyl monomers, polymers and copolymers containing aminoalkyl residues designed for interaction with enzymes. Eur Polym J 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(93)90341-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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