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Flieger J, Feder-Kubis J, Tatarczak-Michalewska M. Chiral Ionic Liquids: Structural Diversity, Properties and Applications in Selected Separation Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4253. [PMID: 32549300 PMCID: PMC7352568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are chemical compounds composed of ions with melting points below 100 °C exhibiting a design feature. ILs are commonly used as the so-called green solvents, reagents or highly efficient catalysts in varied chemical processes. The huge application potential of ionic liquids (IL) justifies the growing interest in these compounds. In the last decade, increasing attention has been devoted to the development of new methods in the synthesis of stable chiral ionic liquids (CILs) and their application in various separation techniques. The beginnings of the successful use of CILs to separate enantiomers date back to the 1990 s. Most chiral ILs are based on chiral cations or chiral anions. There is also a limited number of CILs possessing both a chiral cation and a chiral anion. Due to the high molecular diversity of both ions, of which at least one has a chiral center, we have the possibility to design a large variety of optically active structures, thus expanding the range of CIL applications. Research utilizing chiral ionic liquids only recently has become more popular. However, it is the area that still has great potential for future development. This review aimed to describe the diversity of structures, properties and examples of applications of chiral ionic liquids as new chiral solid materials and chiral components of the anisotropic environment, providing chiral recognition of enantiomeric analytes, which is useful in liquid chromatography, countercurrent chromatography and other various CIL-based extraction techniques including aqueous biphasic (ABS) extraction systems, solid-liquid two-phase systems, liquid-liquid extraction systems with hydrophilic CILs, liquid-liquid extraction systems with hydrophobic CILs, solid-phase extraction and induced-precipitation techniques developed in the recent years. The growing demand for pure enantiomers in the pharmaceutical and food industries sparks further development in the field of extraction and separation systems modified with CILs highlighting them as affordable and environmentally friendly both chiral selectors and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Feder-Kubis
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
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e Silva FA, Kholany M, Sintra TE, Caban M, Stepnowski P, Ventura SPM, Coutinho JAP. Aqueous Biphasic Systems Using Chiral Ionic Liquids for the Enantioseparation of Mandelic Acid Enantiomers. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2018.1545344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca A. e Silva
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariam Kholany
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia E. Sintra
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sónia P. M. Ventura
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A. P. Coutinho
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Taha M, Quental MV, Correia I, Freire MG, Coutinho JAP. Extraction and stability of bovine serum albumin (BSA) using cholinium-based Good's buffers ionic liquids. Process Biochem 2015; 50:1158-1166. [PMID: 28239260 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Good's buffers ionic liquids (GB-ILs), composed of cholinium-based cations and Good's buffers anions, display self-buffering characteristics in the biological pH range, and their polarity and hydrophobicity can be easily tuned by a proper manipulation of their ions chemical structures. In this work, the extraction ability for bovine serum albumin (BSA) of aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) formed by polypropylene glycol 400 (PPG 400) and several GB-ILs was evaluated. ABS formed by PPG 400 and cholinium chloride ([Ch]Cl), GBs, and sucrose were also investigated for comparison purposes. It is shown that BSA preferentially migrates for the GB-IL-rich phase, with extraction efficiencies of 100%, achieved in a single-step. Dynamic light scattering, and circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies were employed to evaluate the effect of the investigated cholinium-based GB-ILs on the BSA stability, and compared with results obtained for the respective GBs precursors, [Ch]Cl and sucrose, a well-known protein stabilizer. Molecular docking studies were also carried out to investigate on the binding sites of GB-IL ions to BSA. The experimental results confirm that BSA has a higher stability in GB-ILs than in any of the other compounds investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taha
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria V Quental
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Correia
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mara G Freire
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A P Coutinho
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Enantioseparation of (DL)-tryptophan by spiral tube assembly counter-current chromatography and evaluation of mass transfer rate for enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1374:77-84. [PMID: 25476690 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Spiral tube assembly counter-current chromatography was successfully applied in enantioseparation of dl-tryptophan using bovine serum albumin as chiral selector. An improved biphasic aqueous-aqueous solvent system 12.0% (w/w) polyethyleneglycol 8000-9.0% (w/w) dibasic potassium phosphate-0.1% ammonia-78.9% water was used as the solvent system for counter-current chromatography, in which bovine serum albumin was predominantly distributed in the lower phase of the two-phase aqueous system. The aqueous-aqueous solvent system gave a very high enantioselectivity for d- and l-tryptophan at α=2.605 along with distribution ratio DD=1.200 and DL=0.461. High peak resolution was obtained for enantioseparation of 2.0mg of dl-tryptophan by spiral tube assembly counter-current chromatography under room temperature. It was found that 0.1% ammonia added in the aqueous-aqueous solvent system greatly improved the enantioseparations. An unusual extremely broad peak for l-tryptophan was observed during enantioseparations. In order to give an explanation, mass transfer rates of d- and l-enantiomers through the interface between the two phases were measured. It was found that l-tryptophan showed lower mass transfer rate than d-tryptophan. Further discussions were proposed for possible reasons for mass transfer rate difference between the enantiomers.
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Shinomiya K, Kabasawa Y, Ito Y. Enantiomeric Separation of Commercial D,L-Kynurenine with an Aqueous Two-Phase Solvent System by Cross-Axis Coil Planet Centrifuge. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079808001942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Shinomiya
- a College of Pharmacy Nihon University , 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 274, Japan
| | - Y. Kabasawa
- a College of Pharmacy Nihon University , 7-7-1, Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 274, Japan
| | - Y. Ito
- b Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry , National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute , National Institutes of Health Building 10, Room 7N-322, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Gavioli E, Maier NM, Minguillón C, Lindner W. Preparative Enantiomer Separation of Dichlorprop with a Cinchona-Derived Chiral Selector Employing Centrifugal Partition Chromatography and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: A Comparative Study. Anal Chem 2004; 76:5837-48. [PMID: 15456305 DOI: 10.1021/ac040102y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A countercurrent chromatography protocol for support-free preparative enantiomer separation of the herbicidal agent 2-(2,4-dichlorphenoxy)propionic acid (dichlorprop) was developed utilizing a purposefully designed, highly enantioselective chiral stationary-phase additive (CSPA) derived from bis-1,4-(dihydroquinidinyl)phthalazine. Guided by liquid-liquid extraction experiments, a solvent system consisting of 10 mM CSPA in methyl tert-butyl ether and 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) was identified as a suitable stationary/mobile-phase combination. This solvent system provided an ideal compromise among stationary-phase retention, enantioselectivity, and well-balanced analyte distribution behavior. Using a commercial centrifugal partition chromatography instrument, complete enantiomer separations of up to 366 mg of racemic dichlorprop could be achieved, corresponding to a sample load being equivalent to the molar amount of CSPA employed. Comparison of the preparative performance characteristics of the CPC protocol with that of a HPLC separation using a silica-supported bis-1,4-(dihydroquinidinyl)phthalazine chiral stationary phase CSP revealed comparable loading capacities for both techniques but a significantly lower solvent consumption for CPC. With respect to productivity, HPLC was found to be superior, mainly due to inherent flow rate restrictions of the CPC instrument. Given that further progress in instrumental design and engineering of dedicated, highly enantioselective CSPAs can be achieved, CPC may offer a viable alternative to CSP-based HPLC for preparative-scale enantiomer separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gavioli
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Creagh AL, Hasenack BBE, Van der Padt A, Sudhölter EJR, Van't Riet K. Separation of amino-acid enantiomers using micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 44:690-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260440605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Foucault AP. Enantioseparations in counter-current chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2001; 906:365-78. [PMID: 11215897 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Examples of chiral separations in counter-current chromatography (CCC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) are not numerous, due to the difficulty of finding chiral selectors highly selective in the liquid phase as well as a combination of solvents that does not destroy the selectivity and retains the capacity to elute chiral isomers of interest. New ideas and new chiral selectors generally come from other separation techniques, as will be highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Foucault
- URM2-CNRS UMR 7540, Lab. VP/BM, IFREMER, Nantes, France.
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Pickering P, Chaudhuri J. Enantioselective extraction of (d)-phenylalanine from racemic (dl)-phenylalanine using chiral emulsion liquid membranes. J Memb Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(96)00255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Oliveros L, Puertolas PF, Minguillon C, Camacho-Frias E, Foucault A, Goffic FL. Donor-Acceptor Chiral Centrifugal Partition Chromatography: Complete Resolution of Two Pairs of Amino-Acid Derivatives with a Chiral II Donor Selector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079408013481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Albertsson PÅ. [7] Chiral resolution. Methods Enzymol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(94)28009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Distribution behavior of some drug enantiomers in an aqueous two-phase system using counter-current extraction with protein. Chromatographia 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02262467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ekberg B, Sellergren B, Olsson L, Mosbach K. The synthesis of water-soluble polymers of β-cyclodextrin and their use in aqueous two-phase systems. Carbohydr Polym 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0144-8617(89)90010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Albertsson PA. Analysis of the domain structure of membranes by fragmentation and separation in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. Q Rev Biophys 1988; 21:61-98. [PMID: 3281183 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583500005023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper consists of three parts. The first describes theoretically a general strategy for fragmentation and separation of membranes which can be used in the elucidation of their structure and function. The second part describes a practical separation method, partition in liquid aqueous polymer two-phase systems, which can be used for separation of macromolecules and membrane particles of biological origin. The third part gives examples of the application of this method to membrane vesicles, and how this separation in combination with the strategy described in the first part can be used for analysis of the structure of biological membranes.
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Sellergren B, Ekberg B, Albertsson PÅ, Mosbach K. Preparative chiral separation in an aqueous two-phase system by a few counter-current extractions. J Chromatogr A 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)83581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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