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Prodhan MAI, Sleman AA, Kim S, McClain C, Zhang X. Generalization of Reference System for Calculating the Second Dimension Retention Index in GC × GC–MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-018-0074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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D’Archivio AA, Maggi MA, Ruggieri F. Cross-column prediction of gas-chromatographic retention indices of saturated esters. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1355:269-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mjøs SA, Meier S, Boitsov S. Alkylphenol retention indices. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1123:98-105. [PMID: 16704870 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Revised: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel type of retention indices for alkylphenols and related compounds are proposed. The alkylphenol retention indices (APRI) use para-substituted n-alkylphenols as reference series. APRI for para-n-alkylphenols are per definition equal to the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl substituent; the value for phenol is zero. Application of the APRI system with different types of derivatisation of the phenolic hydroxy group showed that the derivatisation has limited influence on these indices. Especially para-substituted alkylphenols gave APRI values that could be transferred with high accuracy from one type of derivative to another. By comparing results obtained with different gradients in temperature-programmed GC, it was also shown that APRI is less affected by chromatographic conditions than retention indices based on n-alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svein A Mjøs
- Norwegian Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Bergen, Norway
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Lu C, Guo W, Yin C. Quantitative structure-retention relationship study of the gas chromatographic retention indices of saturated esters on different stationary phases using novel topological indices. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Semi-empirical topological method for prediction of the chromatographic retention of esters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(01)00737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Peng CT. Prediction of retention indices. V. Influence of electronic effects and column polarity on retention index. J Chromatogr A 2000; 903:117-43. [PMID: 11153935 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The retention index increment for addition of a methylene group to an analyte molecule is shown for 1-halo-n-alkanes to be different from 100 i.u., a value that is customarily assigned according to the current convention in retention index prediction. In temperature-programmed gas chromatography using linearly interpolated retention index I, a linear regression equation, I=AZ+(GRF), with the number of atoms (Z) in the molecule as variable can describe the retention of 16 homologous series of organic compounds on non-polar and polar columns with characteristic A (linear regression coefficient) and (GRF) (group retention factor) values. A molecular model of retention on the basis of electron density and electron density distribution relative to that of n-alkane is proposed. This model brings out the inter- and intramolecular electronic effects in the analyte molecule and its dipole-dipole interaction with the stationary liquid phases, as variations in the A value. The (GRF) value varies with the connectivity ability of a functional group for extended conjugation, substitution, etc., but is most influenced by hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) with the stationary liquid phase. One can estimate the sequence of elution of a mixture of organic compounds from any two of the three parameters on the right-hand side of the above equation or retrieve the retention indexes of an entire homologous series from its A and (GRF) values. The fact that each analyte molecule has its own A value on different columns makes column difference (deltaI) compound-specific rather than column-specific, a departure from previous assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0446, USA.
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Zhang X, Lu P. Unified equation between Kováts indices on different stationary phases for select types of compounds. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)01213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hawkes SJ. Anomalies in homologous relationships: When to suspect extrapolations. Chromatographia 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02276242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Properties of topological indices as structural parameters for compounds containing oligooxyethylene chain(s). J Chromatogr A 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Golovnya RV, Grigoryeva DN, Vasilyev AV. Intra- and intermolecular interactions in the first members of homologous series of carbonyl containing compounds in gas chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240130110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Peng CT, Ding SF, Hua RL, Yang ZC. Prediction of retention indexes. I. Structure-retention index relationship on apolar columns. J Chromatogr A 1988; 436:137-72. [PMID: 3356761 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple method is reported for predicting the retention index (RI) of a chemical compound from the number of carbon and carbon equivalent atoms in the molecule, the RI increment for atom addition and the group retention factors (GRFs) for substituents and functional groups. Atoms other than carbon such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, bromine and iodine are assigned carbon atom equivalency of approximately 1, 1, 2, 2, 3 and 4, respectively and are counted for their contribution towards RI prediction. The GRFs of substituents and functional groups are derived from the RIs of reference compounds and series of homologues. Ring structures, ring fusion, ring connection, iso- and neo-carbons, chain branching and unsaturation are also assigned GRFs. The predicted RIs of a number of alicyclic, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, phenols, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, heterocyclics, carboxylic acids, acid esters, aldehydes, ketones, and halogenated compounds, are found to be within +/- 3% of the observed values. The structure-retention index relationship thus developed is extremely useful in the tentative identification of radioactive side products formed in tritium labeling by radiation-induced methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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Chrétien JR, Szymoniak K. Hierarchical ascending classification of Kováts retention indices as a means of indicating siloxane stationary phase specificities towards aliphatic carboxylic esters. J Chromatogr A 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Szymoniak K. Factor analysis of trends in selectivity in gas—liquid chromatography of 175 saturated and unsaturated esters on 14 polysiloxane stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)86832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Analyse topologique du comportement d'esters aliphatiques saturés et insaturés en chromatographie gaz-liquide. Anal Chim Acta 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)86318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Budahegyi M, Lombosi E, Lombosi T, Mészáros S, Nyiredy S, Tarján G, Timár I, Takács J. Twenty-fifth anniversary of the retention index system in gas—liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)80220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Korhonen IOO. Simultaneous determination of C1−C8 n-alkyl acetates and corresponding mono-, di- and trichloroacetates on glass capillary columns with programmed temperature rise. Chromatographia 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02279490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Haken JK, Chretien JR, Lion C. Gas—liquid chromatographic retention behaviour of hindered aliphatic esters. J Chromatogr A 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)88067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Haken JK, Saura Calixto F, Garcia-Raso A. An exchange of letters capillary gas chromatography of esters: Correlations between structure and retention index. Chromatographia 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02291109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Elimination of the reference stationary phase in classification schemes using the molecular retention index. J Chromatogr A 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)91373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Haken J, Vernon F. Evaluation of a thermally stable hydrocarbon as a nonpolar base stationary phase for use in rohrschneider-McReynolds-type schemes. J Chromatogr A 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)95239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chrétien JR, Dubois JE. Topological analysis a technique for the physico-chemical exploitation of retention data in gas—liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)89954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Use of 24,24-diethyl-19,29-dioctadecylheptatetracontane (C87H176) as a non-polar base stationary phase in Rohrschneider-McReynolds type schemes. J Chromatogr A 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)92039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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