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Chen Y, Zhao Q, Guo H. The Evolution of Amitraz and Its Metabolic Degradation Products in Human Blood over 90 Days for Use in Forensic Determination. J Anal Toxicol 2021; 45:937-942. [PMID: 33048165 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amitraz is a pesticide that is often involved in poisoning cases. In determination process of poisoning cases, a problem often encountered is that when the evidence samples were examined, the poison had already decomposed, thus posing significant difficulty for obtaining evidences. In this study, we qualitatively and quantitatively tracked the metabolic degradation products of amitraz and ascertained that the metabolic degradation products were N,N'-bisdimethylphenylformamidine, N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-methylformamidine (DMPF), 2,4-dimethylformamidine (DMF) and 2,4-dimethylaniline (DMA). It was found that although amitraz decomposed rather rapidly, the metabolic degradation products of amitraz persisted for quite a long time. This study demonstrates that forensic evidence in poisoning cases of amitraz can be obtained by the determination of DMPF, DMF and DMA. This study can provide insights on obtaining forensic evidences in poisoning cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450044, China
| | - Qingbiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Chonqing Institute of Forensic Science, Chongqing, 400021, China
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2
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Field evaluation of Varroa-resistance traits in surviving Apis mellifera colonies in Argentina. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:4013-4021. [PMID: 34635942 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Varroa destructor is one of the most important sanitary threats for the beekeeping industry and so far disease control is based mainly on chemical treatment. However, a long-term solution may arise from studying natural surviving colonies of Apis mellifera. We compared the Varroa infestation rate in six commercial colonies that received annual treatment against mites and six non-treated colonies that survived in absence of any treatment for the last 6 years. In addition, we evaluated two potential mechanisms that might be involved in colony survival: hygienic (HYG) and Varroa-sensitive hygiene behavior (VSH) by means of pin-killed and mite artificial infestation, respectively. HYG and VSH were negatively correlated with mite infestation independently of the colony group (treated or non-treated). Furthermore, colonies expressing high levels of pupae removal (≥ 80%) showed higher %HYG and lower mite infestation compared to colonies showing low pupae removal (< 80%). The analysis of reproductive status of mites from the non-removed infested cells evidenced that more infertile mites are found in colonies with more than 80% of pupae removal. To study non-treated colonies that survive for several years, it is a suitable approach for identifying the underlying mechanisms related to Varroa-resistance.
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Voltammetric Determination of Isopropylmethylphenols in Herbal Spices. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206095. [PMID: 34684675 PMCID: PMC8537772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol and carvacrol—the components of herbal spices—are known for their broad biological activity as antimicrobials and antioxidants. For this reason, it is important to develop new methods for their determination in plant material. A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for determination of total content of these analytes in herbal spices using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) has been developed. The basis of the research is the oxidation process of isopropylmethylphenols on a platinum microelectrode in glacial acetic acid containing acetonitrile (20%, v/v) and 0.1 mol L−1 sodium perchlorate as the supporting electrolyte. Linear voltammetric responses for thymol and carvacrol were obtained in a wide concentration range from 0.39–1105 and 0.47–640 µg mL−1, with a low detection limit of 0.04 and 0.05 µg mL−1, respectively. The analysis was performed using the multiple standard addition method. The results of the voltammetric determination are in good agreement with the data of the standard chromatographic method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first presentation of an electrochemical procedure to determine these compounds in these environmental and electrode materials.
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Rostami-Javanroudi S, Moradi M, Sharafi K, Fattahi N. Novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for vortex-assisted liquid phase microextraction of common acaricides in fruit juice followed by HPLC-UV determination. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30102-30108. [PMID: 35480276 PMCID: PMC9040733 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present research, several novel and natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared using methyltrioctylammonium chloride (MTOAC) as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and different types of straight chain alcohols as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs). One of the DESs composed of MTOAC and n-butanol was advantageously used to develop a vortex-assisted liquid phase microextraction (VALPME) method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for the determination of common acaricides in fruit juice samples. Several important parameters influencing extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized, including the type and volume of DES, sample solution pH, effect of salt addition and, extraction and vortex time. Under optimal experimental conditions, the method showed good linearity with the correlation coefficients (R 2) of 0.9986-0.9991 in the linear range of 2-300 μg L-1, low limits of detection of 0.5-1 μg L-1 and acceptable extraction recoveries in the range of 85-93%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the extraction and preconcentration of trace acaricides in real fruit juice samples, and the results demonstrated the potential of the synthesized DESs for the extraction and determination of contaminants in aqueous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Rostami-Javanroudi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran +988338263048 +989183364311
| | - Masoud Moradi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran +988338263048 +989183364311
| | - Kiomars Sharafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran +988338263048 +989183364311
| | - Nazir Fattahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran +988338263048 +989183364311
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5
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Determination of Carvacrol and Thymol in Honey by Using a Simple and Efficient Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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6
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Nie XM, Wang J, Wang X, Tian YP, Chen S, Long ZY, Zong CH. Highly effective detection of amitraz in honey by using surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1808193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-ming Nie
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xun Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Ya-ping Tian
- Kewen College, Jiangsu normal university, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zhou-yang Long
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Cheng-hua Zong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Extraction-free colorimetric determination of thymol and carvacrol isomers in essential oils by pH-dependent formation of gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:352. [PMID: 29968089 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
An extraction-free method is described for the colorimetric determination of thymol (TY) and carvacrol (CA) isomers in essential oils by making use of the pH-dependent formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In solutions of pH 12, TY and CA form gold nanoparticles, while at pH ≤ 11 only CA does so. By taking advantage of this finding, two different approaches based on colorimetric assay (absorption at 550 nm) were developed: one at pH 12 for the determination of total CA and TY, and other at pH 9 and pH 12 for differential quantification of TY and CA. The former agrees with the well-established Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the latter provides a simple way for calculation of TY/CA ratio. The linear ranges are from 100 to 1000 μM at pH 9, and from 50 to 200 μM at pH 12. The limits of detection are 0.09 μM at pH 9, and 0.02 μM at pH 12. These features make this method simple, fast and reliable. Conceivably, it can be used to assess the quality of essential oils and may become a valuable alternative to more sophisticated, laborious and high time-consuming methods. Graphical abstract Schematic of the assay: At pH 12 (blue color), thymol and carvacrol form gold nanoparticles (Au), while at pH 9 (red color) only carvacrol does so. This finding resulted in a colorimetric method for the differential quantification of both compounds in essential oils.
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Zheng W, Park JA, Abd El-Aty AM, Kim SK, Cho SH, Choi JM, Yi H, Cho SM, Ramadan A, Jeong JH, Shim JH, Shin HC. Development and validation of modified QuEChERS method coupled with LC-MS/MS for simultaneous determination of cymiazole, fipronil, coumaphos, fluvalinate, amitraz, and its metabolite in various types of honey and royal jelly. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1072:60-69. [PMID: 29136552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, honey products have been polluted by different contaminants, such as pesticides, which are widely applied in agriculture. In this work, a modified EN - quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of pesticide residues, including cymiazole, fipronil, coumaphos, fluvalinate, amitraz, and its metabolite 2,4-dimethylaniline (2,4-DMA), in four types of honey (acacia, wild, chestnut, and manuka) and royal jelly. Samples were buffered with 0.2M dibasic sodium phosphate (pH 9), and subsequently, acetonitrile was employed as the extraction solvent. A combination of primary secondary amine (PSA) and C18 sorbents was used for purification prior to liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI+/MS-MS) analysis. The estimated linearity measured at six concentration levels presented good correlation coefficients (R2)≥0.99. The recovery, calculated from three different spiking levels, was 62.06-108.79% in honey and 67.58-106.34% in royal jelly, with an RSD<12% for all the tested compounds. The matrix effect was also evaluated, and most of the analytes presented signal enhancement. The limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged between 0.001 and 0.005mg/kg in various samples. These are considerably lower than the maximum residue limits (MRL) set by various regulatory authorities. A total of 43 market (domestic and imported) samples were assayed for method application. Among the tested samples, three samples were tested positive (i.e. detected and quantified) only for cymiazole residues. The residues in the rest of the samples were detected but not quantified. We concluded that the protocol developed in this work is simple and versatile for the routine quantification of cymiazole, 2,4-DMA, fipronil, coumaphos, amitraz, and fluvalinate in various types of honey and royal jelly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Zheng
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Park
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Seong-Kwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Choi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Min Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Amer Ramadan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Yang X, Qiao K, Liu F, Wu X, Yang M, Li J, Gao H, Zhang S, zhou W, Lu R. Magnetic mixed hemimicelles dispersive solid-phase extraction based on ionic liquid-coated attapulgite/polyaniline-polypyrrole/Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites for determination of acaricides in fruit juice prior to high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. Talanta 2017; 166:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Square wave voltammetry with multivariate calibration tools for determination of eugenol, carvacrol and thymol in honey. Talanta 2016; 158:306-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Sun D, Pang J, Jiao B, Zhao Q, Zhou Z. Multiresidue method for the simultaneous determination of 16 acaricides by modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in citrus. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3845-3851. [PMID: 26456075 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analytical method was developed for simultaneously determining 16 acaricides in citrus based on an optimized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe strategy. Good linearities of the standard curve of 5-1000 μg/kg was obtained with regression coefficients higher than 0.9967. Recoveries for all compounds ranged from 72 to 111% with relative standard deviations lower than 14.4% at spiked levels of 5, 50, and 500 μg/kg. Low limits of detection and quantification were readily achieved ranging from 0.05 to 2.7 and 0.10 to 4.3 μg/kg, respectively. Matrix effects were also evaluated for 16 targets with most compounds achieved signal enhancement. Citrus peel gave the highest extent matrix effects, followed by whole citrus and pulp. Finally, this method was successfully applied to detect acaricides residues in real citrus samples. The results showed that pyridaben and quinalphos were the two most frequent and high-concentration compounds with concentrations exceeding the maximum residue limits in five samples, suggesting that the use of these acaricides should be regulated in China in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Junxiao Pang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bining Jiao
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiyang Zhao
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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Electrospun nanostructured polystyrene as a new coating material for solid-phase microextraction: Application to separation of multipesticides from honey samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1002:387-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Osman KA. Production of date palm fruits free of acaricides residues by ozone technology as post-harvest treatment. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:3322-35. [PMID: 26028713 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Distilled water and ozonated water as postharvest wash treatments for 15-60 min as dipping times were tested to remove two acaricides namely, dicofol and amitraz from different varieties of date fruits. Recovered amount of the acaricides was extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE) and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Dicofol removal percentages in the presence of ozone increased in the order of Nabtet Aly > Nabout Seif > Khalas > Sakay, while amitraz removal increased in the order of Nabtet Aly > Nabout Seif > Sakay > Khalas, respectively, and the percentages of residues on date fruits depended on the dipping time. Kinetic studies revealed that dicofol and amitraz were easily removable from date fruits treated with ozonated water. Ozone-treated date palm fruits were not associated with significant changes in antioxidant capacity, and phenolic and sugar contents. Due to the large amount of dates consumed by Saudi residents, a higher risk of exposure to pesticides, especially in children and other vulnerable individuals may occur and the search for safety methods to remove pesticides with negligible residual deposits has always been preferred. Therefore, the present study validated that ozone technology as wash treatments is safe and promising processes for the removal of acaricides from date fruits surface under domestic conditions to reduce the impact over consumer's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Osman
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, El-Shatby Alexandria, P.O. Box 21545, Egypt
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15
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Hollow-Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction Followed by Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection for the Determination of Amitraz in Honey and Water Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Challenges of Biopesticides Under the European Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63430-6.00015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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17
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Zhang J, Li M, Li Y, Li Z, Wang F, Li Q, Zhou W, Lu R, Gao H. Application of ionic-liquid-supported magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction for the determination of acaricides in fruit juice samples. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3249-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Yubo Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Zongyang Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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18
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Bargańska Ż, Ślebioda M, Namieśnik J. Pesticide residues levels in honey from apiaries located of Northern Poland. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Liu S, Yao K, Jia D, Zhao N, Lai W, Yuan H. A Pretreatment Method for HPLC Analysis of Cypermethrin in Microbial Degradation Systems. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:469-76. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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20
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Marco GD, Canuti L, Impei S, Leonardi D, Canini A. Nutraceutical properties of honey and pollen produced in a natural park. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/as.2012.32022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Faraji H, Saber-Tehrani M, Mirzaie A, Waqif-Husain S. Application of liquid-liquid microextraction-high-performance thin-layer chromatography for preconcentration and determination of phenolic compounds in aqueous samples. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Amendola G, Pelosi P, Dommarco R. Solid-phase extraction for multi-residue analysis of pesticides in honey. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2011; 46:24-34. [PMID: 20936565 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2010.515170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A fast and simple multi-residue method for the analysis of 15 organophosphorus (OP), 17 organochlorine (OC), 8 pyrethroids (PYR), 12 N-methyl-carbamate (NMC) pesticide residues and bromopropylate in honey is presented. Ready-to-use EXtrelutNT 20 column, eluted with dichloromethane, was used to extract the pesticide residues from the aqueous-acetone honey sample, obtaining a clean extract directly analyzable. Determination was carried out by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with flame photometric detector (FPD) for OP compounds and by GC coupled with mass spectrometry detector (MSD) for OC and PYR pesticides and bromopropylate. The NMC pesticides were analysed by liquid chromatography-double derivatization coupled with spectrofluorimetric detector (LC/DD/Fl). This method allows the determination of the 53 pesticide residues at low concentrations (0.0005-0.074 mg/kg) and can be used to assess the compliance with the Maximum Residues Levels (MRLs) set by the European Union. The performance of the method was evaluated and specificity, linearity, recovery, repeatability, reproducibility, limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) were determined. A good linearity (r(2)≥ 0.99) was found in the range 0.0005-0.074 mg/kg for the majority of the compounds studied. Most of the pesticides had recoveries in the range 70-103 % and values of relative standard deviation (RSD) < 20 for repeatability and reproducibility, showing good accuracy and precision of the method. Aldicarb partially degraded in aldicarb sulphoxide during the analytical procedure, giving anomalous values. The LOQ for all pesticides investigated was from 0.0005 to 0.025 mg/kg while the LOD ranged from 0.0002 to 0.008 mg/kg.
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Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, Domínguez-Alvarez J, García-Gómez D, García-Jiménez MG, Carabias-Martínez R. Determination of endocrine disruptors in honey by CZE-MS using restricted access materials for matrix cleanup. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2279-88. [PMID: 20593405 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method based on CZE coupled to ESI-MS is proposed for the identification and simultaneous quantification of several endocrine-disrupting chemicals in honey. The target compounds were the chlorophenols: 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol, and bisphenol-A, 4-tert-butylphenol, and 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid. A two-step optimization of the ESI-MS detection was carried out. First, the organic solvent present in the sheath liquid was selected and its effect on the analytical signal was studied. The best results in terms of the intensity of the MS signals were obtained with methanol. Thus, an experimental design technique (Doehlert type) was used for the optimization of the other parameters: the NH(3) concentration in the sheath liquid, the flow of the sheath liquid, the nebulizer pressure in ESI, and the drying gas temperature and flow. Here, we developed a new sample treatment based on the combined use of a restricted access material and a polymeric sorbent for SPE. The LOD achieved were in the range of 5-31 ng/g. The intraday precision of the proposed method was determined from replicate analyses (n=4) at a concentration level of 50 ng/g, with RSD values in the range of 15-23%. The results revealed that the proposed method is suitable for the reliable quantification of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in honey at nanograms per gram levels.
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Determination of chlordimeform and its metabolite residues in honey using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Se Pu 2010; 28:649-53. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2010.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Smodis Skerl MI, Kmecl V, Gregorc A. Exposure to pesticides at sublethal level and their distribution within a honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 85:125-128. [PMID: 20640846 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-010-0069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Honey bee colonies were exposed to pesticides used in agriculture or within bee hives by beekeepers: coumaphos; diazinon; amitraz or fluvalinate. Samples of bee workers, larvae and royal jelly were analysed using Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detection (GC-ECD). Amitraz was quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) was used for quantification of diazinon. Sixth day after treatment, coumaphos was found in the royal jelly (250 ng/g) secreted by nurse workers and fluvalinate was found in both bee heads (105 ng/g, 8 days after treatment) and in larvae (110 ng/g, 4 days after treatment). Amitraz residues in all sampled material were below the level of detection of 10 ng/g. Diazinon was not detected in any of the analysed samples. The large quantities of fluvalinate found in bee heads and larvae, the coumaphos residues in royal jelly, and additional potential sub-lethal effects on individual honey bees or brood are discussed.
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Gao H, Cao W, Liang Y, Cheng N, Wang BN, Zheng JB. Determination of Thymol and Phenol in Honey by LC with Electrochemical Detection. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Xu JZ, Miao JJ, Lin H, Ding T, Zhao ZY, Wu B, Shen CY, Jiang Y. Determination of amitraz and 2,4-dimethylaniline residues in honey by using LC with UV detection and MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2010; 32:4020-4. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Silva F, Marchi M. Validação de método analítico para análise de amitraz em mel utilizando GC/TSD. ECLÉTICA QUÍMICA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-46702010000400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Este artigo descreve a validação de método analítico para determinação do acaricida amitraz em mel utilizando extração com n-hexano/acetona, cleanup em cartucho de extração em fase sólida (SPE) e análise por cromatografia a gás com detector termoiônico seletivo (GC-TSD). O método pode ser utilizado para monitorar a presença do pesticida amitraz em mel, devido aos bons parâmetros analíticos, precisão (CV<11%) e exatidão (>80%) dentro do intervalo 100-400 ng g-1. O limite estabelecido na União Européia, pelo Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products, para amitraz em mel (200 ng g-1) está dentro deste intervalo. A resposta do sistema analítico apresentou linearidade entre 100 e 800 ng mL-1 com coeficiente de correlação de 0,9996, limite de detecção (LD-7 ng g-1) e de quantificação (LQ-100 ng g-1). O método validado foi utilizado para avaliar a qualidade de méis comercializados na cidade de Araraquara/SP, nas quais não foram detectados resíduos de amitraz.
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Smith TJ, George DR, Sparagano OAE, Seal C, Shiel RS, Guy JH. A pilot study into the chemical and sensorial effect of thyme and pennyroyal essential oil on hens eggs. Int J Food Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2009.02008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Das YK, Kaya S. Organophosphorus insecticide residues in honey produced in Turkey. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 83:378-383. [PMID: 19452111 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a number of 15 organophoshorus (OP) insecticides were investigated in 275 honey samples in 33 different cities of Turkey, using gas chromatography electron capture detector. The limit of determination values was detected between 0.25 and 9.55 ng g(-1). The correlation coefficients obtained from calibration curves of the OP standards were found to be between 0.992 and 0.999. No insecticide residue was detected in the samples analyzed. This result is highly significant because of its impacts on public health and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Kursad Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey.
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Kiyanpour V, Fakhari AR, Alizadeh R, Asghari B, Jalali-Heravi M. Multivariate optimization of hydrodistillation-headspace solvent microextraction of thymol and carvacrol from Thymus transcaspicus. Talanta 2009; 79:695-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Determination of amitraz and its transformation products in pears by ethyl acetate extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3138-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 01/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ramón-Azcón J, Sánchez-Baeza F, Sanvicens N, Marco MP. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of the miticide bromopropylate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:375-384. [PMID: 19113903 DOI: 10.1021/jf802821n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports for the first time the development of an immunoassay for the analysis of the miticide bromopropylate (BP). The chemical structure of the immunizing haptens was designed to maximize the recognition of the bis-bromophenyl group of BP. Thus, the assay uses polyclonal antibodies raised against 2,2-bis(4-bromophenyl)-N-2-hydroxyacetamide-butanoic acid (hapten 2) conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin from horseshoe crab. A heterologous indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed that can detect BP down to 0.14 microg L(-1). The assay has been proven to tolerate a wide range of ionic strengths and pH values. Studies on the selectivity of this immunoassay have demonstrated a high recognition of related pesticides that contain a bis-halophenyl group in their structure. Other pesticides do not interfere in the analysis of BP using this immunochemical technique. Preliminary experiments have shown that BP can be directly analyzed in white wine samples down to 0.16 microg L(-1) without the necessity of a cleanup procedure prior to the ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramón-Azcón
- Applied Molecular Receptors Group, CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine IQAC-CSIC, Jorge Girona, Barcelona, Spain
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Determination of Acaricides in Honey by Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.1.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Del Nobile M, Conte A, Incoronato A, Panza O. Antimicrobial efficacy and release kinetics of thymol from zein films. J FOOD ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Kujawski M, Namieśnik J. Challenges in preparing honey samples for chromatographic determination of contaminants and trace residues. Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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38
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Tsimeli K, Triantis T, Dimotikali D, Hiskia A. Development of a rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,4-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene residues in honey using HS-SPME coupled with GC–MS. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 617:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Simultaneous Determination of Amitraz, Bromopropylate, Coumaphos, Cymiazole and 2,4-Dimethylaniline in Korean Honey Samples by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.5.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Beyer A, Biziuk M. Applications of sample preparation techniques in the analysis of pesticides and PCBs in food. Food Chem 2008; 108:669-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Headspace solvent microextraction-gas chromatographic thermionic specific detector determination of amitraz in honey after hydrolysis to 2,4-dimethylaniline. J Food Compost Anal 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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de Guzman LI, Rinderer TE, Frake AM. Comparative reproduction of Varroa destructor in different types of Russian and Italian honey bee combs. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2008; 44:227-38. [PMID: 18392942 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-008-9142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies showed that Russian honey bees support slow growth of varroa mite population. We studied whether or not comb type influenced varroa reproduction in both Russian and Italian honey bees, and whether Russian bees produced comb which inhibited varroa reproduction. The major differences found in this study concerned honey bee type. Overall, the Russian honey bees had lower (2.44 +/- 0.18%) levels of varroa infestation than Italian honey bees (7.20 +/- 0.60%). This decreased infestation resulted in part from a reduced number of viable female offspring per foundress in the Russian (0.85 +/- 0.04 female) compared to the Italian (1.23 +/- 0.04 females) honey bee colonies. In addition, there was an effect by the comb built by the Russian honey bee colonies that reduced varroa reproduction. When comparing combs having Russian or Italian colony origins, Russian honey bee colonies had more non-reproducing foundress mites and fewer viable female offspring in Russian honey bee comb. This difference did not occur in Italian colonies. The age of comb in this study had mixed effects. Older comb produced similar responses for six of the seven varroa infestation parameters measured. In colonies of Italian honey bees, the older comb (2001 dark) had fewer (1.13 +/- 0.07 females) viable female offspring per foundress than were found in the 2002 new (1.21 +/- 0.06 females) and 1980s new (1.36 +/- 0.08 females) combs. This difference did not occur with Russian honey bee colonies where the number of viable female offspring was low in all three types of combs. This study suggests that honey bee type largely influences growth of varroa mite population in a colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia I de Guzman
- USDA/ARS, Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Laboratory, 1157 Ben Hur Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA.
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Zhou J, Xue X, Li Y, Zhang J, Wu L, Chen L, Zhao J. Rapid and sensitive determination of two degradation products of flumethrin in honey by ultrasonically assisted extraction and gas chromatography with electron capture detection. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:1912-9. [PMID: 17638359 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzaldehyde cyanohydrin (FPBC) and 4-fluoro-3-phenoxy-benzaldehyde (FPB) in honey samples using ultrasonically assisted extraction and gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) has been developed. The different factors affecting the efficiency of the extraction were carefully optimized. The honey sample was extracted with a mixture of hexane and dichloromethane (v/v, 1:1) utilizing the ultrasonically assisted technique and cleaned up by solid-phase extraction on Oasis HLB cartridges. The eluate was evaporated to dryness and residues were reconstituted to 1.0 mL with hexane and determined by GC-ECD. The calibration curves of fortified samples showed acceptable linear response (R(2) >0.99) over a range of 3-100 ng/g for FPBC and FPB in seven replicate determinations of six concentrations, respectively, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a lack-of-fit test was performed to validate the regression data. Overall average recoveries ranged from 90.9 to 106.2% for honey samples. The detection limits were 0.9 ng/g for FPBC and 1.0 ng/g for FPB, respectively. This method can be successfully applied to routine determination of two degradation products of flumethrin in honey samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhou
- Bee-product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Apicultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PRC
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Picó Y, Fernández M, Ruiz MJ, Font G. Current trends in solid-phase-based extraction techniques for the determination of pesticides in food and environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:117-31. [PMID: 17175029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedures for pesticide residues in food and environment are reviewed and discussed. The use of these procedures, which include several approaches such as: matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), represents an opportunity to reduce analysis time, solvent consumption, and overall cost. SPE techniques differ from solvent extraction depending on the interactions between a sorbent and the pesticide. This interaction may be specific for a particular pesticide, as in the interaction with an immunosorbent, or non-specific, as in the way a number of different pesticides are adsorbed on apolar or polar materials. A variety of applications were classified according to the method applied: conventional SPE, SPME, hollow-fiber micro-extraction (HFME), MSPD and SBSE. Emphasis is placed on the multiresidue analysis of liquid and solid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Picó
- Laboratori de Bromatologia i Toxicologia, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Sae-Yun A, Ovatlarnporn C, Itharat A, Wiwattanapatapee R. Extraction of rotenone from Derris elliptica and Derris malaccensis by pressurized liquid extraction compared with maceration. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1125:172-6. [PMID: 16787651 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The extraction of active compounds from plants is one of the most critical steps in the commercial development of natural products for medicinal, herbicidal or pesticidal use. The focus of this study was to compare conventional maceration and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) techniques for the efficient extraction of rotenone from the stem and root of Derris elliptica Benth and Derris malaccensis Prain. The effects of experimental variables, such as solvent, temperature and pressure, on PLE efficiency have been studied. Chloroform was determined to be a good extraction solvent (rotenone content 40.6%, w/w) compared to commonly used solvent, 95% ethanol (rotenone content 15.0%, w/w). The optimal conditions for PLE were 50 degrees C and 2000 psi. PLE showed higher extraction efficiency (rotenone content 46.1%, w/w) as compared with conventional maceration method (rotenone content 40.6%, w/w). The order of rotenone content found in crude extract obtained by optimized method from the highest to the lowest was root (46.1%, w/w) and stem (9.4%, w/w) of D. elliptica and stem of D. malaccensis (5.2%, w/w), respectively. Moreover, the results from this study indicated that PLE was considerably less time and solvent consuming (30 min, 3 ml/g of dried sample) than the conventional maceration techniques (72 h, 10 ml/g of dried sample).
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Affiliation(s)
- Attawadee Sae-Yun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Fidente P, Seccia S, Vanni F, Morrica P. Analysis of nicotinoid insecticides residues in honey by solid matrix partition clean-up and liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1094:175-8. [PMID: 16257305 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method for the routine simultaneous determination of four nicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) in commercial multifloral honey was developed. Fortified honey samples, dissolved in water, were cleaned up through Extrelut NT20 column and, finally, insecticides were eluted with dichloromethane. The eluate was evaporated, the residue redissolved in methanol and then analyzed by LC-ESI(+)-MS. Average recoveries of the four analytes were in the range of 76% and 99% at both spiking levels 0.1 and 1.0 mg kg(-1). Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 10% for all of the recovery tests. The detection limits (LODs) of the method ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 mg kg(-1) for the different insecticides studied. The developed method is linear over the range assayed, 0.5-5.0 microg mL(-1), with linear correlation coefficients higher than 0.9993.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fidente
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Tananaki C, Zotou A, Thrasyvoulou A. Determination of 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,4-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene residues in honey by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using purge and trap thermal desorption extraction. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1083:146-52. [PMID: 16078701 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive method for the determination of 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,2-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene residues in honey was developed, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with a purge and trap thermal desorption system as the extraction technique. Optimal conditions for isolation and separation were established and calibration curves were constructed. Linearity was held between 2.4 and 300 microg kg(-1) honey for 1,2-dibromoethane, 0.5 and 300 microg kg(-1) for 1,4-dichlorobenzene and 0.125 and 3000 microg kg(-1) for naphthalene. The detection limits were found to be 0.8, 0.15 and 0.05 microg kg(-1) honey for 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,4-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene, respectively. The method was applied to the analysis of 25 Greek honey samples. 1,2-Dibromoethane was not found in the majority of the samples, while only one sample was found to contain both 1,4-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene residues at concentrations exceeding 10 microg kg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisoula Tananaki
- Laboratory ofApiculture-Sericulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Rezić I, Horvat AJM, Babić S, Kastelan-Macan M. Determination of pesticides in honey by ultrasonic solvent extraction and thin-layer chromatography. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2005; 12:477-481. [PMID: 15848111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2004] [Accepted: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A rapid method for quantitative determination of atrazine and simazine in honey samples was investigated. The procedure was based on the extraction of pesticides by sonication with benzene:water = 1:1 (v/v) mixture, thin-layer chromatographic separation and quantification by CAMAG Video Documentation system in conjunction with the Reprostar 3. The extraction procedure was optimized with regard to the amount of solvent, duration of sonication and the number of extraction steps. The apparent recovery of pesticides from honey was 92.3 +/- 2.4 for atrazine and 94.2 +/- 2.8 for simazine, when they were extracted in three steps for 20 min using 20 ml of solvent. Ultrasonic solvent extraction was compared with traditional shake-flask extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rezić
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Textile Chemistry and Material Testing, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Pierottieva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Herrera A, Pérez-Arquillué C, Conchello P, Bayarri S, Lázaro R, Yagüe C, Ariño A. Determination of pesticides and PCBs in honey by solid-phase extraction cleanup followed by gas chromatography with electron-capture and nitrogen?phosphorus detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381:695-701. [PMID: 15657708 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Revised: 10/04/2004] [Accepted: 10/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A multiresidue method for determination of 15 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), six polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and seven organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) is implemented for routine determinations of residues in honey. The method involves solid-phase extraction cleanup and determination by GC-ECD/NPD. Quantitation limits ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 microg kg-1 honey for OCPs and PCBs, and from 5.0 to 25.0 microg kg-1 honey for OPPs. Recoveries of OCPs ranged between 77.4 and 94.0%; for PCBs they were from 63.8 to 73.5%. Recovery assays for OPPs varied from 66.7 to 98.1%. The method was applied to the analysis of 111 honey samples from Aragon, Spain. The results obtained indicated a low level of contamination by pesticide residues and PCBs, which can contribute to ensuring the consumer has a safe wholesome supply of honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Herrera
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Jiménez J, Bernal J, del Nozal M, Alonso C. Extraction and clean-up methods for the determination of amitraz total residues in beeswax by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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