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Mező E, Páger C, Makszin L, Kilár F. Capillary zone electrophoresis of proteins applying ionic liquids for dynamic coating and as background electrolyte component. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:2083-2091. [PMID: 33022798 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The use of ionic liquids in capillary electrophoresis, either as coating material or as components of the background electrolyte needs systematic standardization to set up optimal conditions. Excellent separation of the proteins was achieved using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([emim][BF4]) or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]) ionic liquids using the properly made ionic-liquid-water binary mixtures for the experiments. The binary mixture has a distinctly stable and well perceptible low pH, which depends on the concentration of the ionic liquid, and on the preparation time of the mixture. Optimal conditions for the electrophoretic separation were obtained upon a multivariate analysis of the experimental parameters (applied voltage, migration time, concentration, and type of the ionic liquid). The standardized condition provides a low electroendosmotic flow toward the anode, which, however, did not hinder the proteins to migrate toward the cathode. The migration of cytochrome c, lysozyme, myoglobin, trypsin, and apo-transferrin at a pH around 2, far below the isoelectric points of the proteins, showed RSD values of the migration times less than 7.5% and less than 6.5% when using [emim][BF4] or [bmim][BF4], respectively, either in run-to-run or day-to-day experiments. The determination of the extent of the EOF is not possible with the commonly used EOF markers, due to interaction with the ionic-liquid constituents. The interaction of the ionic liquids with the proteins influences the migration order in zone electrophoresis. This method has been applied successfully for the analyses of real biological samples such as proteins from egg whites and human tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerencia Mező
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, and Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csilla Páger
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, and Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lilla Makszin
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, and Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Kilár
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, and Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Bioengineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Miercurea Ciuc, Romania
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2
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Effect of external static electric fields on the dynamic heterogeneity of ionic liquids. J Mol Model 2018; 24:240. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Buszewska-Forajta M, Markuszewski MJ, Kaliszan R. Free silanols and ionic liquids as their suppressors in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1559:17-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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4
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Memon AF, Solangi AR, Memon SQ, Mallah A, Memon N. Quantitative separation of hesperidin, chrysin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and morin using ionic liquid as a buffer additive in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1606-1612. [PMID: 29484675 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, an increasing interest has been observed in ionic liquids (ILs) due to their potentialities in various chemical processes. ILs have some unique properties making them excellent additives in CE. In this work a simple, rapid, and reliable CZE method has been developed and validated using 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM-PF6 ) ionic liquid as a buffer additive for the determination/separation of five flavonoids including hesperedin, epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and morin using photodiode array (PDA) detector. The effect of several parameters such as concentration and pH of the running buffer, applied voltage, and concentration of ionic liquid were optimized. CZE at 25°C with 25 mM borate buffer of pH 9.0 at an applied voltage of 17 kV by adding 17.5 mM of IL was found to be suitable for the separation/determination of all five analytes within 08 min. Validation of the method was performed in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and limit of detection and quantification. The calibration curves were plotted in the concentration range of 1-200 μg/mL for all five analytes. The response was linear with R2 = 0.990 for EC, chrysin, and hesperidin, 0.992 for morin, and 0.988 for EGCG. LOD and LOQ were obtained within the range of 0.4-0.5 and 1.4-1.7 μg/mL, respectively. The proposed method showed good reproducibility with RSD of less than 3% for both migration time and peak height. The method was successfully applied for the determination of flavonoids from citrus fruits and tea samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almas F Memon
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Amber R Solangi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Saima Q Memon
- Dr. M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Arfana Mallah
- Dr. M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Najma Memon
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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5
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Li D, Jiang M, Xu L, Qiao X, Xu Z. Simultaneous Determination of Acephate and Isocarbophos in Vegetables by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Ionic Liquid and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate as Modifiers. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Abstract
Recently, a great interest was drawn toward ionic liquids (ILs) in analytical separation techniques. ILs possess many properties making them excellent additives in capillary electrophoresis (CE) background electrolytes (BGE). The most important property is the charge of the dissolved ions in BGE enabling the cations to interact with deprotonated silanol groups on the capillary surface and thereby modifying the electroosmotic flow (EOF). Ionic and/or proton donor-acceptor interactions between analyte and IL are possible interactions facilitating new kinds of separation mechanisms in CE. Further advantages of ILs are the high conductivity, the environmentally friendliness, and the good solubility for organic and inorganic compounds. The most commonly used ILs in capillary electrophoresis are dialkylimidazolium-based ILs, whereas for enantioseparation a lot of innovative chiral cations and anions were investigated.ILs are reported to be additives to a normal CE background electrolyte or the sole electrolyte in CE, nonaqueous CE (NACE), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and in enantioseparation. An overview of applications and separation mechanisms reported in the literature is given here, in addition to the enantioseparation of pseudoephedrine using tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) as IL additive to an ammonium formate buffer containing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany.
| | - Joachim Wahl
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
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Halimehjani AZ, Hooshmand SE, Shamiri EV. Synthesis and characterization of a tetracationic acidic organic salt and its application in the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes and protection of carbonyl compounds. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01422k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new tetracationic acidic organic salt (TCAOS) based on DABCO was prepared, characterized and applied as an eco-friendly, powerful and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes and acetals with high turnover frequency (TOF).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyyed Emad Hooshmand
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Kharazmi University (formerly Tarbiat Moallem University)
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Elham Vali Shamiri
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Kharazmi University (formerly Tarbiat Moallem University)
- Tehran
- Iran
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Lu Y, Wang D, Kong C, Zhong H, Breadmore MC. Analysis of aromatic acids by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with ionic-liquid electrolytes. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3310-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Lu
- Analysis and Testing Centre; Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong Province; P. R. China
- Austrialian Centre for Research on Separation Science; School of Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
- Institute of Materia Medica; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jinan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Functional Materials in Universities of Shandong; Dezhou University; Dezhou P. R. China
| | - Dunqing Wang
- Analysis and Testing Centre; Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong Province; P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Kong
- Analysis and Testing Centre; Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong Province; P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhong
- Institute of Materia Medica; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jinan P. R. China
| | - Michael C. Breadmore
- Austrialian Centre for Research on Separation Science; School of Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
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Alkyl imidazolium ionic liquid based sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography for simultaneous determination of seven tea catechins in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 969:224-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Martins MAP, Frizzo CP, Tier AZ, Moreira DN, Zanatta N, Bonacorso HG. Update 1 of: Ionic Liquids in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2014; 114:PR1-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500106x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa P. Frizzo
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Aniele Z. Tier
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Dayse N. Moreira
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Helio G. Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
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11
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Sun B, Qi L, Wang M. Determination of preservatives in soft drinks by capillary electrophoresis with ionic liquids as the electrolyte additives. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2248-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an P.R. China
| | - Li Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Minglin Wang
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an P.R. China
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12
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Huang Y, Yao S, Song H. Application of ionic liquids in liquid chromatography and electrodriven separation. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 51:739-52. [PMID: 23833208 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts in the liquid state at ambient temperature, which are nonvolatile, nonflammable with high thermal stability and dissolve easily for a wide range of inorganic and organic materials. As a kind of potential green solvent, they show high efficiency and selectivity in the field of separation research, especially in instrumental analysis. Thus far, ILs have been successfully applied by many related researchers in high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis as chromatographic stationary phases, mobile phase additives or electroosmotic flow modifiers. This paper provides a detailed review of these applications in the study of natural products, foods, drugs and other fine chemicals. Furthermore, the prospects of ILs in liquid chromatographic and electrodriven techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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13
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Effect of Ionic Liquids on Preparative Separation of Flavonoid Compounds in the Extract fromBrassica napus L.Pollen using High-Performance Counter-Current Chromatography. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.804558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Lu Y, Jia C, Yao Q, Zhong H, Breadmore MC. Analysis of flavonoids by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic-liquids as background electrolytes. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1319:160-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Tsai CY, Yang CF, Whang CW. Capillary Electrophoretic Separation of Tricyclic Antidepressants Using 1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids as Background Electrolyte. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200900051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Qi S, Zhang H, Zhu J, Chen X, Qi L. Ionic Liquids as Modifiers to Improve the Separation Efficiency of Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis with High Electric Field Strengths. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:460-5. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Zuo L, Meng H, Wu J, Jiang Z, Xu S, Guo X. Combined use of ionic liquid and β-CD for enantioseparation of 12 pharmaceuticals using CE. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:517-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Heng Meng
- Research Institute of China Resources Double-Crane Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Chaoyang District Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Shuying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
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18
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Mendes A, Branco LC, Morais C, Simplício AL. Electroosmotic flow modulation in capillary electrophoresis by organic cations from ionic liquids. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1182-90. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luís C. Branco
- REQUIMTE, ; Departamento de Química, ; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Caparica; Portugal
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19
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Posch TN, Müller A, Schulz W, Pütz M, Huhn C. Implementation of a design of experiments to study the influence of the background electrolyte on separation and detection in non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:583-98. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Luo X, Tu X, Wu Y, Luo S, Chen B. Application of 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids as Background Electrolytes in Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Coptidis Alkaloids. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2011.649448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Petruczynik A. Effect of Ionic Liquid Additives to Mobile Phase on Separation and System Efficiency for HPLC of Selected Alkaloids on Different Stationary Phases. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:287-93. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Joshi MD, Anderson JL. Recent advances of ionic liquids in separation science and mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20142a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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23
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Analytical applications of the electrochemiluminescence of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) coupled to capillary/microchip electrophoresis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 704:16-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Potential of long chain ionic liquids for on-line sample concentration techniques: Application to micelle to solvent stacking. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5718-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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25
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Han H, Li J, Wang X, Liu X, Jiang S. Synthesis of ionic liquid-bonded organic-silica hybrid monolithic column for capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2323-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Li D, Wang Z, Wang L, Xu X, Zhang H. Ultrasonic Extraction Coupled with Capillary Electrophoresis for the Determination of Azo Dyes in Lipsticks Using Ionic Liquid as Dynamic Coating and Background Electrolyte. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201190043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Kosobucki P, Buszewski B. Selected Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as a Terminating Electrolyte in Isotachophoresis. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003731365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Liu R, Xu L, Li A, Sun A. Preparative isolation of flavonoid compounds from Oroxylum indicum by high-speed counter-current chromatography by using ionic liquids as the modifier of two-phase solvent system. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1058-63. [PMID: 20175085 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography method for isolation and purification of flavonoid compounds from Oroxylum indicum was successfully established by using ionic liquids as the modifier of the two-phase solvent system. Two flavonoid compounds including baicalein-7-O-diglucoside and baicalein-7-O-glucoside were purified from the crude extract of O. indicum by using ethyl acetate-water-[C(4)mim][PF(6)] (5:5:0.2, v/v) as two-phase solvent system. 36.4 mg of baicalein-7-O-diglucoside and 60.5 mg of baicalein-7-O-glucoside were obtained from 120 mg of the crude extract. Their purities were 98.7 and 99.1%, respectively, as determined by HPLC area normalization method. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified by (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renmin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, PR China.
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Su HL, Kao WC, Lin KW, Lee CY, Hsieh YZ. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids and an anionic surfactant: Excellent background electrolyte modifiers for the analysis of benzodiazepines through capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2973-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Zhou Q, Mao J, Xiao J, Xie G. Uses of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as a good separation electrolyte for direct electrophoretic separation of quaternary ammonium herbicides. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1288-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Xu L, Li A, Sun A, Liu R. Preparative isolation of neomangiferin and mangiferin fromRhizoma anemarrhenaeby high-speed countercurrent chromatography using ionic liquids as a two-phase solvent system modifier. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:31-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Chitta KR, Van Meter DS, Stalcup AM. Separation of peptides by HPLC using a surface-confined ionic liquid stationary phase. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:775-81. [PMID: 19876619 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A butylimidazolium bromide surface-confined ionic liquid stationary phase was synthesized in-house. The synthesized phase was investigated for the separation of five peptides (Gly-Tyr, Val-Tyr-Val, leucine enkephalin, methionine enkephalin, and angiotensin-II). The peptides were successfully separated in less than 5 min. The effect of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) on the separation of peptides was evaluated with results confirming that TFA was not acting as ion-pairing agent in separation of peptides on this phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Chitta
- Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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34
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Wanigasekara E, Zhang X, Nanayakkara Y, Payagala T, Moon H, Armstrong DW. Linear tricationic room-temperature ionic liquids: synthesis, physiochemical properties, and electrowetting properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:2126-2133. [PMID: 20355846 DOI: 10.1021/am900519j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and facile synthesis of novel linear tricationic room-temperature ionic liquids was performed, and their physiochemical properties were determined. Different physiochemical properties were observed according to the structural variations such as the cationic moiety and the counteranion of the ionic liquid. The electrowetting properties of these ionic liquids were also investigated, and linear tricationic ionic liquids were shown to be advantageous as effective electrowetting materials due to their high structural flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eranda Wanigasekara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, USA
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35
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Li D, Wang Z, Wang L, Qu C, Zhang H. Separation and Determination of Amino Acids by CE Using 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid as Background Electrolyte. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Ionic liquids used in and analyzed by capillary and microchip electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4817-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Chrzanowski L, Stasiewicz M, Owsianiak M, Szulc A, Piotrowska-Cyplik A, Olejnik-Schmidt AK, Wyrwas B. Biodegradation of diesel fuel by a microbial consortium in the presence of 1-alkoxymethyl-2-methyl-5-hydroxypyridinium chloride homologues. Biodegradation 2009; 20:661-71. [PMID: 19301130 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-009-9253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fast development of ionic liquids as gaining more and more attention valuable chemicals will undoubtedly lead to environmental pollution. New formulations and application of ionic liquids may result in contamination in the presence of hydrophobic compounds, such as petroleum mixtures. We hypothesize that in the presence of diesel fuel low-water-soluble ionic liquids may become more toxic to hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms. In this study the influence of 1-alkoxymethyl-2-methyl-5-hydroxypyridinium chloride homologues (side-chain length from C(3) to C(18)) on biodegradation of diesel fuel by a bacterial consortium was investigated. Whereas test performed for the consortium cultivated on disodium succinate showed that toxicity of the investigated ionic liquids decreased with increase in side-chain length, only higher homologues (C(8)-C(18)) caused a decrease in diesel fuel biodegradation. As a result of exposure to toxic compounds also modification in cell surface hydrophobicity was observed (MATH). Disulphine blue active substances method was employed to determine partitioning index of ionic liquids between water and diesel fuel phase, which varied from 1.1 to 51% for C(3) and C(18) homologues, respectively. We conclude that in the presence of hydrocarbons acting as a solvent, the increased bioavailability of hydrophobic homologues is responsible for the decrease in biodegradation efficiency of diesel fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Chrzanowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965, Poznań, Poland.
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38
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Yao C, Anderson JL. Retention characteristics of organic compounds on molten salt and ionic liquid-based gas chromatography stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1658-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Mofaddel N, Krajian H, Villemin D, Desbène PL. New ionic liquid for inorganic cations analysis by capillary electrophoresis: 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-phenylethanaminium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (phenylcholine NTf2). Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 393:1545-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Xu Y, Fang L, Wang E. Successful establishment of MEKC with electrochemiluminescence detection based on one functionalized ionic liquid. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:365-71. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Stojanovic A, Lämmerhofer M, Kogelnig D, Schiesel S, Sturm M, Galanski MS, Krachler R, Keppler BK, Lindner W. Analysis of quaternary ammonium and phosphonium ionic liquids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection and unified calibration. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1209:179-87. [PMID: 18805540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Several hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) based on long-chain aliphatic ammonium- and phosphonium cations and selected aromatic anions were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) employing trifluoroacetic acid as ion-pairing additive to the acetonitrile-containing mobile phase and adopting a step-gradient elution mode. The coupling of charged aerosol detection (CAD) for the non-chromophoric aliphatic cations with diode array detection (DAD) for the aromatic anions allowed their simultaneous analysis in a set of new ILs derived from either tricaprylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride as precursors. Aliquat 336 is a mix of ammonium cations with distinct aliphatic chain lengths. In the course of the studies it turned out that CAD generates an identical detection response for all the distinct aliphatic cations. Due to lack of single component standards of the individual Aliquat 336 cation species, a unified calibration function was established for the quantitative analysis of the quaternary ammonium cations of the ILs. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines, which confirmed the validity of the unified calibration. The application of the method revealed molar ratios of cation to anion close to 1 indicating a quantitative exchange of the chloride ions of the precursors by the various aromatic anions in the course of the synthesis of new ILs. Anomalies of CAD observed for the detection of some aromatic anions (thiosalicylate and benzoate) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Stojanovic
- University of Vienna, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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42
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Varenne A, Descroix S. Recent strategies to improve resolution in capillary electrophoresis—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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43
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Microchip micellar electrokinetic chromatography based on one functionalized ionic liquid and its excellent performance on proteins separation. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1207:175-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 08/10/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Stasiewicz M, Mulkiewicz E, Tomczak-Wandzel R, Kumirska J, Siedlecka EM, Gołebiowski M, Gajdus J, Czerwicka M, Stepnowski P. Assessing toxicity and biodegradation of novel, environmentally benign ionic liquids (1-alkoxymethyl-3-hydroxypyridinium chloride, saccharinate and acesulfamates) on cellular and molecular level. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2008; 71:157-65. [PMID: 17915319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are widely studied as alternative solvents in organic synthesis and catalysis, in electrochemistry and the separation sciences; with their many applications they will soon be produced on an industrial scale. Available toxicological data of ionic liquids have already suggested initial guidelines for the conscious design of safer chemicals. In this study a new group of such redesigned ionic liquids-1-alkoxymethyl-3-hydroxypyridinium cations+acesulphamate, saccharinate and chloride anions-was assayed with respect to their inhibitory activity towards acetylcholinesterase and their cellular toxicity towards the IPC-81 rat promyelocytic leukaemia cell line: the acute biological activity of these compounds is very low. Effective concentrations lie in the millimole range, which is well above possible intracellular concentrations. Only the compounds with the longest alkoxymethyl chain inhibit the enzyme at effective concentrations that are one order of magnitude smaller. No significant differences are observed when the anion compartment in the enzymatic assay is varied. However, the cytotoxicity data show EC(50) for acesulphamates and saccharinates to be higher than the values for the chloride analogues. Also, a slight alkoxymethyl chain length effect on the overall cytotoxicity is discernible. The biodegradability of the 1-alkoxymethyl-3-hydroxypyridinium salts varies from 21% to 72% and depends on the type of anion the cation is linked with. It improves with lengthening alkyl chain, but only in the range from 4 to 11 carbon atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stasiewicz
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznań University of Technology, sq. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
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45
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Martins MAP, Frizzo CP, Moreira DN, Zanatta N, Bonacorso HG. Ionic liquids in heterocyclic synthesis. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2015-50. [PMID: 18543878 DOI: 10.1021/cr078399y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A P Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil.
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46
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Use of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids as background electrolytes in capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of inorganic anions. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2470-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa P. Frizzo
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Dayse N. Moreira
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Helio G. Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
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48
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Bao Y, Lantz AW, Crank JA, Huang J, Armstrong DW. The use of cationic surfactants and ionic liquids in the detection of microbial contamination by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2587-92. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Buszewski B, Studzińska S. A Review of Ionic Liquids in Chromatographic and Electromigration Techniques. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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50
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Seiman A, Vaher M, Kaljurand M. Monitoring of the electroosmotic flow of ionic liquid solutions in non-aqueous media using thermal marks. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1189:266-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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