1
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Zhang L, Tan QG, Fan JQ, Sun C, Luo YT, Liang RP, Qiu JD. Microfluidics for chiral separation of biomolecules. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Folprechtová D, Kozlov O, Armstrong DW, Schmid MG, Kalíková K, Tesařová E. Enantioselective potential of teicoplanin- and vancomycin-based superficially porous particles-packed columns for supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1612:460687. [PMID: 31727354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Application of the superficially porous particles (SPPs) grafted with chiral selectors can substantially improve resolution in chromatographic techniques. In this work, we carried out a deeper study on supercritical fluid chromatography systems with 2.7 µm SPPs bonded with teicoplanin and vancomycin. Fast separations of the majority of enantiomers of phytoalexins, substituted tryptophans, and ketamine derivatives, as representatives of important biologically active and structurally diverse chiral compounds have been achieved. The chromatographic behavior of the structurally different analytes served to characterize these separation systems. The influence of separation conditions, namely mobile phase composition, i.e. type of co-solvent and additive on retention, enantioselective resolution and enantioselectivity was examined. The success rate of baseline and partial separations in individual groups of compounds differed with the chiral stationary phase and also with mobile phase composition. The best, baseline separations for the phytoalexins were achieved on the TeicoShell column using methanol as a co-solvent and trifluoroacetic acid as an additive if used. Mostly partial separations were achieved on the vancomycin-based column for all groups of analytes. Complementary separation behavior of these CSPs was confirmed for the majority of the chiral compounds examined in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Folprechtová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandr Kozlov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Martin G Schmid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Květa Kalíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Tesařová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Ali I, Suhail M, Lone MN, Alothman ZA, Alwarthan A. Chiral resolution of multichiral center racemates by different modalities of chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1152582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Suhail
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Nadeem Lone
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, India
| | - Zeid A. Alothman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alwarthan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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4
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Chen J, Liang RP, Wu LL, Qiu JD. One-step preparation and application of mussel-inspired poly(norepinephrine)-coated polydimethylsiloxane microchip for separation of chiral compounds. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1676-84. [PMID: 26970233 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, using the self-polymerization of norepinephrine (NE) and its favorable film-forming property, a simple and green preparation approach was developed to modify a PDMS channel for enantioseparation of chiral compounds. After the PDMS microchip was filled with NE solution, poly(norepinephrine) (PNE) film was gradually formed and deposited on the inner wall of microchannel as permanent coating via the oxidation of NE by the oxygen dissolved in the solution. Due to possessing plentiful catechol and amine functional groups, the PNE-coated PDMS microchip exhibited much better wettability, more stable and suppressed EOF, and less nonspecific adsorption. The water contact angle and EOF of PNE-coated PDMS substrate were measured to be 13° and 1.68 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) , compared to those of 108° and 2.24 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) from the untreated one, respectively. Different kinds of chiral compounds, such as amino acid enantiomer, drug enantiomer, and peptide enantiomer were efficiently separated utilizing a separation length of 37 mm coupled with in-column amperometric detection on the PNE-coated PDMS microchips. This facile mussel-inspired PNE-based microchip system exhibited strong recognition ability, high-performance, admirable reproducibility, and stability, which may have potential use in the complex biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Ping Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Lu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ding Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
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5
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A norepinephrine coated magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for simultaneous multiple chiral recognition. J Chromatogr A 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Wang XN, Liang RP, Meng XY, Qiu JD. One-step synthesis of mussel-inspired molecularly imprinted magnetic polymer as stationary phase for chip-based open tubular capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1362:301-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Ali I, Al-Othman ZA, Al-Warthan A, Asnin L, Chudinov A. Advances in chiral separations of small peptides by capillary electrophoresis and chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2447-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University); New Delhi India
| | - Zeid A. Al-Othman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Warthan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonid Asnin
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University; Perm Russia
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8
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Liang RP, Wang XN, Liu CM, Meng XY, Qiu JD. Facile preparation of protein stationary phase based on polydopamine/graphene oxide platform for chip-based open tubular capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1323:135-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Chiral separation by capillary electromigration techniques. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1204:140-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Ilisz I, Berkecz R, Péter A. Retention mechanism of high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation on macrocyclic glycopeptide-based chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:1845-60. [PMID: 18762302 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of methods for the separation of enantiomers has attracted great interest in the past 20 years, since it became evident that the potential biological or pharmacological applications are mostly restricted to one of the enantiomers. In the past decade, macrocyclic antibiotics have proved to be an exceptionally useful class of chiral selectors for the separation of enantiomers of biological and pharmacological importance by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin-layer chromatography and electrophoresis. The glycopeptides avoparcin, teicoplanin, ristocetin A and vancomycin have been extensively used as chiral selectors in the form of chiral bonded phases in HPLC, and HPLC stationary phases based on these glycopeptides have been commercialized. In fact, the macrocyclic glycopeptides are to some extent complementary to one another: where partial enantioresolution is obtained with one glycopeptide, there is a high probability that baseline or better separation can be obtained with another. This review sets out to characterize the physicochemical properties of these macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics and, through their application, endeavors to demonstrate the mechanism of separation on macrocyclic glycopeptides. The sequence of elution of the stereoisomers and the relation to the absolute configuration are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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11
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Kaniewska M, Sikora T, Kataky R, Trojanowicz M. Enantioselectivity of potentiometric sensors with application of different mechanisms of chiral discrimination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 70:1261-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Koidl J, Hödl H, Schmid MG, Neubauer B, Konrad M, Petschauer S, Gübitz G. Enantiorecognition of triiodothyronine and thyroxine enantiomers using different chiral selectors by HPLC and micro-HPLC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 70:1254-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2007.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Ilisz I, Berkecz R, Péter A. HPLC separation of amino acid enantiomers and small peptides on macrocyclic antibiotic-based chiral stationary phases: a review. J Sep Sci 2007; 29:1305-21. [PMID: 16894775 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The search for new and effective chiral selectors capable of separating a wide variety of enantiomeric compounds is an ongoing process. In the past decade, macrocyclic antibiotics have proved to be an exceptionally useful class of chiral selectors for the separation of enantiomers of biological and pharmacological importance by means of HPLC, TLC and electrophoresis. More chiral analytes have been resolved through the use of glycopeptides than with all the other macrocyclic antibiotics combined (ansamycins, thiostrepton, aminoglycosides, etc.). The glycopeptides avoparcin, teicoplanin, ristocetin A and vancomycin have been extensively used as chiral selectors in the form of chiral bonded phases in HPLC, and HPLC stationary phases based on these glycopeptides have been commercialized. Teicoplanin, vancomycin, their analogs and ristocetin A seem to be the most useful glycopeptide HPLC bonded phases for the enantioseparation of proteins and unusal native and derivatized amino acids. In fact, the macrocyclic glycopeptides are to some extent complementary to one another: where partial enantioresolution is obtained with one glycopeptide, there is a high probability that baseline or better separation can be obtained with another. This review sets out to characterize the physicochemical properties of these antibiotics and their application in the enantioseparations of amino acids. The mechanism of separation, the sequence of elution of the stereoisomers and the relation to the absolute configuration are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary
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14
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Soukup-Hein RJ, Schneiderheinze J, Mehelic P, Armstrong DW. LC and LC-MS Separation of Peptides on Macrocyclic Glycopeptide Stationary Phases: Diastereomeric Series and Large Peptides. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Preinerstorfer B, Lämmerhofer M. Recent accomplishments in the field of enantiomer separation by CEC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2527-65. [PMID: 17607806 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present review intends to summarize recent developments in the field of enantioselective separations and analysis by CEC. It covers studies published in English language in common peer-reviewed journals within the period between 2003 and 2006. Both, methods making use of chiral mobile phase additives as well as chiral stationary phases for electrochromatographic enantiomer separations, are reviewed. Achievements that have been made on the various column technologies, such as open-tubular, particle-packed, inorganic, organic and particle-fixed (hybrid-type) monolithic as well as molecularly imprinted polymer phases, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Preinerstorfer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Recognition Materials, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Abstract
This review summarizes applications of CEC for the analysis of proteins and peptides. This "hybrid" technique is useful for the analysis of a broad spectrum of proteins and peptides and is a complementary approach to liquid chromatographic and capillary electrophoretic analysis. All modes of CEC are described--granular packed columns, monolithic stationary phases as well as open-tubular CEC. Attention is also paid to pressurized CEC and the chip-based platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Miksík
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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17
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Liu H, Yu A, Liu F, Shi Y, Han L, Chen Y. Chiral separation of cefadroxil by capillary electrochromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:1376-9. [PMID: 16600557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 02/09/2006] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the chiral separation of cefadroxil was studied by capillary electrochromatography. Monolithic capillary column was prepared for the separation of cefadroxil enantiomers. The optimum buffer contained 28.5 mmol/L sodium acetate, 0.95% (v/v) acetic acid, 19 mmol/L beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and 5% (v/v) isopropanol in formamide solution (pH 7.0), with the running voltage of 12 kV, the UV detector wavelength of 254 nm, the sample injected time of 8s and the temperature of 25 degrees C. Under these conditions, the column efficiency of cefadroxil enantiomers were N1=5324 and N2=23,768 with a selectivity factor (alpha) of 1.056 and resolution (Rs) of 0.978. The effect of buffer pH value, beta-CD concentration, organic modifier (isopropanol) concentration and voltage was also investigated for the separation by CEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China.
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18
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Gatschelhofer C, Schmid MG, Schreiner K, Pieber TR, Sinner FM, Gübitz G. Enantioseparation of glycyl-dipeptides by CEC using particle-loaded monoliths prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 69:67-77. [PMID: 16556463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Novel particle-loaded monolithic capillary electrochromatography (CEC) phases for chiral separations were prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) within the confines of fused silica columns with 200 microm i.d. using norborn-2-ene (NBE), 1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4,5,8,exo,endo-dimethanonaphthalene (DMN-H6) as monomers, 2-propanol and toluene as porogens, RuCl2(PCy3)2(CHPh) as initiator and silica-based particles containing the chiral selector. By suspending silica particles bearing the chiral selector in the polymerization mixture, particle-based monoliths are easily prepared. This approach has several advantages compared to particle-based separation media: (i) the concept of particle-based monoliths is broadly applicable, as any silica-based chiral phase can be used; (ii) they are inexpensive to prepare; and (iii) the manufacturing process is very simple, no sophisticated packing procedures or the preparation of end frits are required. To show the usefulness of this concept for chiral CEC, the chiral separation performance of particle-loaded CEC monoliths bearing teicoplanin aglycone, chemically bonded to 3 microm silica gel, was investigated for a set of glycyl-dipeptides. Particle-loaded ROMP CEC monoliths showed good separation performance for glycyl-dipeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gatschelhofer
- Institute of Medical Technologies and Health Management, JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Auenbruggerplatz 20/3, A-8036 Graz, Austria
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Scriba GKE. Recent advances in peptide and peptidomimetic stereoisomer separations by capillary electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:222-30. [PMID: 16315180 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As the stereochemistry of peptides determines their physicochemical properties and biological activities, analytical methods able to discriminate between peptide stereoisomers are important especially with regard to pharmaceutical peptides and peptidomimetics. The present review summarizes recent developments in peptide and peptidomimetic stereoisomer separations by capillary electromigration techniques. The majority of separations were performed by CE while only few reports have been published on the subject of electrochromatography. In addition to systematic studies on the applicability of certain buffer additives and the evaluation of specific experimental conditions, there have been attempts to understand the mechanistic aspects of peptide stereoisomer separations as well as to analyze the structure of peptide-CD complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Czerwenka C, Polásková P, Lindner W. Peptide enantiomer separations: Influence of sequential isomerism and the introduction of achiral glycine moieties on chiral recognition. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1093:81-8. [PMID: 16233873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2005] [Revised: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of sequential isomerism and the introduction of achiral, conformationally flexible glycine moieties into a peptide chain on the chiral recognition mechanism of a cinchona alkaloid based chiral selector has been evaluated. For this purpose, enantiomers of N-terminally protected alanine-glycine di- and tripeptides were separated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry on a corresponding chiral stationary phase (CSP). To obtain complementary information, the reversed phase retention behaviour of the various peptides was also evaluated and subsequently used to further elucidate the chromatographic characteristics of the CSP. For peptides that contained glycines in the N-terminal region chiral recognition was compromised, while glycines located at the C-terminus had no or little negative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Czerwenka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Wien, Austria
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21
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D'Orazio G, Aturki Z, Cristalli M, Quaglia MG, Fanali S. Use of vancomycin chiral stationary phase for the enantiomeric resolution of basic and acidic compounds by nano-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1081:105-13. [PMID: 16013606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we studied the potentiality of nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) for the enantiomeric resolution of both basic and acidic compounds of pharmaceutical interest using a vancomycin modified silica stationary phase. Experiments were carried out in a fused silica capillary of 75 microm I.D. packed with chiral modified silica particles of 5 microm diameter, the detection, was done on-line at 195 nm. Enantiomeric resolution of alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol (basic compounds) and some acidic analytes, namely 2-[(5'-benzoyl-2'-hydroxy)phenyl]propionic acid (DF1738Y), 2-[(4'-benzoyloxy-2'-hydroxy)phenyl]propionic acid (DF1770Y), ketoprofen, indoprofen and suprofen was studied by nano-LC utilizing mobile phases containing methanol-acetonitrile-ammonium formate or acetate. The effect of mobile phase composition (buffer type and concentration, organic modifier type and concentration) on chiral resolution (Rs), retention factor (k) and retention time (tR) was also investigated. Good enantiomeric resolution was achieved for basic compounds utilizing the mobile phase containing 90% (MeCN-MeOH)/5% water/5% of 100 mM ammonium acetate pH 4.5. Acidic compounds such as DF1738Y and DF1770Y were better resolved at lower pH 3.5 while ketoprofen, indoprofen and suprofen exhibited the highest resolution at pH 4.5; in this case the mobile phase contained MeOH or MeCN (90%), 5% buffer and 5% of water. The nano-LC method was validated using R-(+)-propranolol as an internal standard finding good repeatability, detection limit, correlation coefficient and recovery and applied to the assay of a pharmaceutical formulation containing a racemic mixture of metoprolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D'Orazio
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area della Ricerca di Roma I, Rome, Italy
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Gübitz G, Schmid MG. Recent advances in chiral separation principles in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2005; 25:3981-96. [PMID: 15597419 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in chiral separation in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), electrokinetic chromatography (EKC), and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) covering literature published since the year 2000. New chiral selectors and innovative approaches for CE and CEC are introduced. Recent progress in column technology for CEC is highlighted and the development of new chiral stationary phases is discussed. This review is not dedicated to list applications but will focus on new developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Gübitz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dept. of Pharm. Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria.
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23
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Mangelings D, Maftouh M, Vander Heyden Y. Capillary electrochromatographic chiral separations with potential for pharmaceutical analysis. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:691-709. [PMID: 15938179 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200400077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of capillary electrochromatography as a chiral separation technique for pharmaceutical applications is reviewed. Publications of the past 10 years that provide a potential practical application in pharmaceutical analysis are considered. Method development or validation, separation strategies, and potential routine analysis by the methods/applications cited are the main subjects on which we focused our attention. The indirect chiral separation method was only used once in CEC mode. In the direct chiral separations, the use of chiral stationary phases was obviously preferred over the use of chiral mobile phases with non-chiral stationary phases. Amongst the chiral stationary phases, those based on macrocyclic antibiotics and polysaccharide selectors were the most frequently used. Monolithic stationary phases also have several applications, but not so extended as those with packed capillary electrochromatography. The considered papers not only describe the applicability of the technique for relatively large sets of chiral analytes, they also showed that various types of stationary phases can be produced in-house in a simple manner. However, to survive as a mature separation technique, considerable time and effort are still needed to solve some disadvantages currently characterizing capillary electrochromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Mangelings
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Pharmaceutical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Czerwenka C, Lindner W. Stereoselective peptide analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:599-638. [PMID: 15856198 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2004] [Revised: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemistry of a peptide determines its spatial features and can profoundly influence its chemical properties and biological activity. Thus, the analysis of the stereochemical properties of a peptide is an important aspect of its characterisation. For such investigations a "selector" that engages in stereoselective interactions with the peptide analytes is often used. A substantiated knowledge of the underlying molecular recognition mechanism will therefore be helpful in understanding existing and developing new stereoselective analysis systems. After a short introduction concerning the fundamentals of peptide stereoisomers and their biological implications, the stereoselective peptide analysis methods described in the literature are comprehensively reviewed. The characteristics and applications of the employed methods based on various techniques including chromatography (pressure- and electrokinetically driven), capillary electrophoresis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are discussed. The various selectors that have been utilised to discriminate peptide enantiomers and/or diastereomers are described concurrently. The review concludes with an overview of combinations and comparisons of techniques that have been applied to the analysis of peptide stereoisomers and constitute a trend for further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Czerwenka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Wien, Austria
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Abstract
A review on the advantages, peculiarities, and the potential of enantioselective capillary electrochromatography (CEC) in nonaqueous media is presented. Some fundamentals on CEC with particular focus on enantioselective CEC are discussed. The strategies, concepts, preferentially utilized chiral selectors and column technologies that have been utilized to succeed in highly efficient enantiomer separations by nonaqueous CEC are described thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lämmerhofer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Recognition Materials, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Schmid MG, Hölbling M, Schnedlitz N, Gübitz G. Enantioseparation of dipeptides and tripeptides by micro-HPLC comparing teicoplanin and teicoplanin aglycone as chiral selectors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 61:1-10. [PMID: 15560917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2003] [Revised: 04/05/2004] [Accepted: 04/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chiral separation of glycyl- and diastereomeric dipeptides and tripeptides was performed by micro-HPLC using macrocyclic antibiotics as chiral selectors. Teicoplanin was compared with teicoplanin aglycone (TAG) regarding selectivity, efficiency and separation time. The stationary phases are based on teicoplanin and TAG chemically bonded to 3.5 mum silica gel. The material was packed into 10 cm x 1 mm stainless steel microcolumns. Different mobile phases were checked using the reversed phase mode. Both teicoplanin and TAG were found to show good chiral separation ability for dipeptides. Glycyl-dipeptides were baseline resolved and most of the diastereomeric dipeptides and tripeptides were separated into their four isomers. In this study, teicoplanin was found to be advantageous compared to TAG regarding separation time, although TAG showed the higher resolution power. Baseline resolution for some glycyl-dipeptides was obtained within 3 min, diastereomeric dipeptides were resolved in 7 min. This method was also shown to be applicable for enantiomer purity control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Schmid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens University, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Millsaps College, 1701 North State Street, Box 150306, Jackson, Mississippi 39210, USA.
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