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Agrawal A, Keçili R, Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh F, Hussain CM. Green miniaturized technologies in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Caruso G, Musso N, Grasso M, Costantino A, Lazzarino G, Tascedda F, Gulisano M, Lunte SM, Caraci F. Microfluidics as a Novel Tool for Biological and Toxicological Assays in Drug Discovery Processes: Focus on Microchip Electrophoresis. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E593. [PMID: 32549277 PMCID: PMC7344675 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The last decades of biological, toxicological, and pharmacological research have deeply changed the way researchers select the most appropriate 'pre-clinical model'. The absence of relevant animal models for many human diseases, as well as the inaccurate prognosis coming from 'conventional' pre-clinical models, are among the major reasons of the failures observed in clinical trials. This evidence has pushed several research groups to move more often from a classic cellular or animal modeling approach to an alternative and broader vision that includes the involvement of microfluidic-based technologies. The use of microfluidic devices offers several benefits including fast analysis times, high sensitivity and reproducibility, the ability to quantitate multiple chemical species, and the simulation of cellular response mimicking the closest human in vivo milieu. Therefore, they represent a useful way to study drug-organ interactions and related safety and toxicity, and to model organ development and various pathologies 'in a dish'. The present review will address the applicability of microfluidic-based technologies in different systems (2D and 3D). We will focus our attention on applications of microchip electrophoresis (ME) to biological and toxicological studies as well as in drug discovery and development processes. These include high-throughput single-cell gene expression profiling, simultaneous determination of antioxidants and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, DNA analysis, and sensitive determination of neurotransmitters in biological fluids. We will discuss new data obtained by ME coupled to laser-induced fluorescence (ME-LIF) and electrochemical detection (ME-EC) regarding the production and degradation of nitric oxide, a fundamental signaling molecule regulating virtually every critical cellular function. Finally, the integration of microfluidics with recent innovative technologies-such as organoids, organ-on-chip, and 3D printing-for the design of new in vitro experimental devices will be presented with a specific attention to drug development applications. This 'composite' review highlights the potential impact of 2D and 3D microfluidic systems as a fast, inexpensive, and highly sensitive tool for high-throughput drug screening and preclinical toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caruso
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina (EN), Italy; (M.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (G.L.)
| | - Margherita Grasso
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina (EN), Italy; (M.G.); (F.C.)
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Angelita Costantino
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (G.L.)
| | - Fabio Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.)
- Molecular Preclinical and Translational Imaging Research Centre-IMPRonTE, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium for Biotechnology, Area di Ricerca, Padriciano, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Susan M. Lunte
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina (EN), Italy; (M.G.); (F.C.)
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.)
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Rapid determination of catecholamines in urine samples by nonaqueous microchip electrophoresis with LIF detection. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1274:139-46. [PMID: 25673489 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2353-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonaqueous microchip electrophoresis (NAMCE), which makes use of an organic medium instead of a conventional aqueous buffer solution, is a promising separation method for analytical chemistry due to the enhanced solubility of hydrophobic analytes and tailored selectivity of separation. Here, we describe an NAMCE with LIF detection combined with a pump-free negative pressure sampling device for rapid determination of catecholamines (CAs) in urine samples, and the whole analysis time (including sampling time and separation time) was less than 1 min.
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In-Capillary Derivatization and Preconcentration for CE of Metal Ions as Their Phenanthroline Complexes. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Combination of Acid-Free Open-Vessel Wet Digestion and Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer-Enhanced Capillary Electrophoresis for Determination of Metal Ions in Wines. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices (μPADs) and Micro Total Analysis Systems (μTAS): Development, Applications and Future Trends. Chromatographia 2013; 76:1201-1214. [PMID: 24078738 PMCID: PMC3779795 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices and micro total analysis systems are relatively new group of analytical tools, capable of analyzing complex biochemical samples containing macromolecules, proteins, nucleic acids, toxins, cells or pathogens. Within one analytical run, fluidic manipulations like transportation, sorting, mixing or separation are available. Recently, microfluidic devices are a subject of extensive research, mostly for fast and non-expensive biochemical analysis but also for screening of medical samples and forensic diagnostics. They are used for neurotransmitter detection, cancer diagnosis and treatment, cell and tissue culture growth and amplification, drug discovery and determination, detection and identification of microorganisms. This review summarizes development history, basic fabrication methods, applications and also future development trends for production of such devices.
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Yang M, Yu Y, Shen F, Dierks K, Fang W, Li Q. Detection of Copper Ion with Laser-Induced Fluorescence in a Capillary Electrophoresis Microchip. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003763657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xiao D, Yan L, Yuan H, Zhao S, Yang X, Choi MMF. CE with LED-based detection: An update. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:189-202. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Krčmová L, Stjernlof A, Mehlen S, Hauser PC, Abele S, Paull B, Macka M. Deep-UV-LEDs in photometric detection: A 255 nm LED on-capillary detector in capillary electrophoresis. Analyst 2009; 134:2394-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b916081g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Applications of microfluidic systems in environmental analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:555-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 09/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Absorbance Based Light Emitting Diode Optical Sensors and Sensing Devices. SENSORS 2008; 8:2453-2479. [PMID: 27879829 PMCID: PMC3673425 DOI: 10.3390/s8042453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ever increasing demand for in situ monitoring of health, environment and security has created a need for reliable, miniaturised sensing devices. To achieve this, appropriate analytical devices are required that possess operating characteristics of reliability, low power consumption, low cost, autonomous operation capability and compatibility with wireless communications systems. The use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) as light sources is one strategy, which has been successfully applied in chemical sensing. This paper summarises the development and advancement of LED based chemical sensors and sensing devices in terms of their configuration and application, with the focus on transmittance and reflectance absorptiometric measurements.
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CREVILLEN A, HERVAS M, LOPEZ M, GONZALEZ M, ESCARPA A. Real sample analysis on microfluidic devices☆. Talanta 2007; 74:342-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Coufal P, Pacáková V, Stulík K. An evaluation of the experimental approaches to detection of small ions in CE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3379-89. [PMID: 17806126 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review points out some important trends in the development of the detection techniques for small ions in CE. On the basis of selected literature references it briefly discusses some general requirements on detection techniques in CE. Various optical measurements, mass spectrometric approaches and electrochemical detection techniques are dealt with. Some specific features of microchip CE separation and detection are pointed out and possibilities of dual detection are mentioned. The principal parameters of the above detection techniques are then briefly compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Coufal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 2830, CZ-128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Abstract
CE detectors based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as light sources are receiving considerable attention due to their exceptionally high stability, high intensity, low cost, and a variety of wavelengths in the UV and visible spectrum. This article is a comprehensive review on CE methods using LED-based detectors with absorbance and fluorescence detection, and several applications on the determination of riboflavin, bacteria, drug, and amino acids in biological samples are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
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Faure K, Pravda M, Glennon JD. Microchip Electrophoresis: A New Platform for Metal Speciation. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710500536145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Faure K, Loughran M, Glennon JD. Microchip metal complex speciation: The nickel–bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid system. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Padarauskas A. CE determination of small ions: methods and techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 384:132-44. [PMID: 16331445 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Revised: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 10/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview on the current status of capillary electrophoresis (CE) in the analysis of inorganic and charged small organic species. The various CE strategies used to improve the separation of ionic analytes are summarized. Technical developments in the design of improved detection systems are described. A brief account of their advantages and limitations is given. The potential use of these devices for miniaturized CE systems is also described. Finally, special attention is focused on the on-capillary preconcentration techniques developed in attempts to overcome the poor detectability of CE. Recent review articles are frequently cited to provide readers with a source of information about pioneering work, theoretical treatments, and specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrius Padarauskas
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Pumera M, Jindrich J, Valásek M, Pecka J. Nonaqueous capillary electrophoretic assays ofp-phenylene-bis-4,4'-(1-aryl-2,6-diphenylpyridinium) molecular wires. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:4465-7. [PMID: 16259016 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A nonaqueous CE system for separation and detection of novel electron-dopable molecular wires based on p-phenylene-bis-4,4'-(1-aryl-2,6-diphenylpyridinium) oligomers is described. The method is based on the coupling of CE separation in pure organic solvent, DMF with 50 mM acetic acid, and UV detection at 338 nm. The system offers a rapid measurement in less than 20 min for two priority nanowires and their impurities. Calibration data confirmed linear response for all compounds of interest in the concentration range 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. A highly stable response was observed for repetitive injections (RSD < or = 2.8%, n = 10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pumera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Tu J, Halsall HB, Seliskar CJ, Limbach PA, Arias F, Wehmeyer KR, Heineman WR. Estimation of logPow values for neutral and basic compounds by microchip microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with indirect fluorimetric detection (μMEEKC-IFD). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 38:1-7. [PMID: 15907611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2004] [Revised: 11/17/2004] [Accepted: 11/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microchip microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with indirect fluorimetric detection (muMEEKC-IFD) was used to obtain logP octanol/water (logP(ow)) values for neutral and basic compounds. Six compounds, with logP(ow) values between 0.38 and 5.03, were used to create a calibration curve relating the log of retention factors (logk) obtained from muMEEKC-IFD with the known logP(ow) values. The logP(ow) values for six additional compounds were determined using the logk values obtained by muMEEKC-IFD and the linear relationship between logP(ow) and logk established for the standard compounds. The muMEEKC-IFD buffer was composed of 50 mM 3-[cyclohexylamino]-1-propane-sulfonic acid (CAPS) buffer (pH 10.4) containing 1.2% n-heptane (v/v), 2% sodium dodecylsulfate (w/v), 8% 1-butanol (v/v) and 4 microM 5-carboxytetramethyl-rhodamine (TAMRA) as the fluorophore probe for indirect detection. The muMEEKC-IFD provided an accurate method for estimating logP(ow) values and also a means for analyzing compounds that are non-fluorescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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Chang IH, Tulock JJ, Liu J, Kim WS, Cannon DM, Lu Y, Bohn PW, Sweedler JV, Cropek DM. Miniaturized lead sensor based on lead-specific DNAzyme in a nanocapillary interconnected microfluidic device. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:3756-61. [PMID: 15952382 DOI: 10.1021/es040505f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A miniaturized lead sensor has been developed by combining a lead-specific DNAzyme with a microfabricated device containing a network of microfluidic channels that are fluidically coupled via a nanocapillary array interconnect. A DNAzyme construct, selective for cleavage in the presence of Pb2+ and derivatized with fluorophore (quencher) at the 5' (3') end of the substrate and enzyme strands, respectively, forms a molecular beacon that is used as the recognition element. The nanocapillary array membrane interconnect is used to manipulate fluid flows and deliver the small-volume sample to the beacon in a spatially confined detection window where the DNAzyme is interrogated using laser-induced fluorescence detection. A transformed log plot of the fluorescent signal exhibits a linear response (r2 = 0.982) over a Pb2+ concentration range of 0.1 - 100 microM, and a detection limit of 11 nM. The sensor has been applied to the determination of Pb2+ in an electroplating sludge reference material, the result agreeing with the certified value within 4.9%. Quantitative measurement of Pb2+ in this complex sample demonstrates the selectivity of this sensor scheme and points favorably to the application of such technologies to analysis of environmental samples. The unique combination of a DNAzyme with a microfluidic-nanofluidic hybrid device makes it possible to change the DNAzyme to select for other compounds of interest, and to incorporate multiple sensing systems within a single device for greater flexibility. This work represents the initial steps toward creation of a robust field sensor for lead in groundwater or drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hyoung Chang
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Abstract
This review as a sequel of three earlier similar reports gives a summary of the progress and significant methodological developments, starting from 2002, in the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for inorganic ion analysis. As substantiated by the illustrative number of relevant references, improvements in sensitivity achieved both in and outside a CE system, advances in manipulating the separation selectivity, novel hardware configurations, and system performance innovations are continually being reported over the review period. Specifically viewed are the recent advancements in elemental (bio)speciation analysis, which remains one of the most fertile areas of CE research, as well as in three recently booming research topics: contactless conductivity detection, separations on microchips, and transient isotachophoretic preconcentration. A state-of-the-art picture of technique's potentialities within the field of interest presented here demonstrates that CE has become recognized and is growing in acceptance as a reliable alternative to traditional analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei R Timerbaev
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Willauer HD, Collins GE. Analysis of inorganic and small organic ions with the capillary electrophoresis microchip. Electrophoresis 2003; 24:2193-2207. [PMID: 12858393 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200305435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis microchip devices are receiving considerable attention due to their versatility, portability, and sample handling capabilities. This article is a comprehensive review of the analysis of inorganic and small, charged organic species on microchip platforms. The application of conductivity, amperometry, laser-induced fluorescence, absorbance, and chemiluminescence detection methods are discussed. The potential utilization of these devices for miniaturized analytical systems is described.
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