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Lee F, Gallo MV, Schell LM, Jennings J, Lawrence DA, On The Environment ATF. Exposure of Akwesasne Mohawk women to polychlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorobenzene is associated with increased serum levels of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:597-613. [PMID: 37335069 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2226685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) were reported to influence immunological activity. As endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), these pollutants may disrupt normal thyroid function and act as catalysts for development of autoimmune thyroid disease by directly and indirectly affecting levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs). Native American communities are disproportionately exposed to harmful toxicants and are at an increased risk of developing an autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to determine the association between POPs and TPOAbs in serum obtained from Native American women. This assessment was used to measure whether increased risk of autoimmune thyroid disease occurred as a result of exposure to POPs. Data were collected from 183 Akwesasne Mohawk women, 21-38 years of age, between 2009 and 2013. Multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the association between toxicant exposure and levels of TPOAbs. In multiple logistic regression analyses, exposure to PCB congener 33 was related to elevated risk of individuals possessing above normal levels of TPOAbs. Further, HCB was associated with more than 2-fold higher risk of possessing above normal levels of TPOAbs compared to women with normal levels of TPOAbs. p,p'-DDE was not associated with TPOAb levels within this study. Exposure to PCB congener 33 and HCB was correlated with above normal levels of TPOAbs, a marker of autoimmune thyroid disease. Additional investigations are needed to establish the causes and factors surrounding autoimmune thyroid disease which are multiple and complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lee
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Mia V Gallo
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
- Center for the Elimination of Minority Health Disparities, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence M Schell
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
- Center for the Elimination of Minority Health Disparities, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Julia Jennings
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - David A Lawrence
- Wadsworth Center/New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Biomedical Sciences and Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
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Lee F, Gallo MV, Schell LM. Associations between autoimmune dysfunction and pollutants in Akwesasne Mohawk women: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and polychlorinated biphenyl exposure. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23773. [PMID: 35726969 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollutant exposures, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), have been found to disrupt normal immune function. Native American communities are disproportionately affected by autoimmune dysfunction and are more likely to be exposed to harmful pollutants than the general population. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between autoimmune dysfunction and pollutant exposure levels, this study evaluates the statistical relationship between the presence of autoimmune dysfunction and pollutant exposure. METHODS Information was collected from Akwesasne Mohawk women (n = 182), 21-39 years of age, between 2009 and 2013. Data collection included anthropometric measurements, medical diagnoses of autoimmune disease and symptoms of autoimmune dysfunction in the medical record, and blood draws for measurement of pollutants. Multivariate analyses determined the association between toxicant exposure and autoimmune dysfunction. RESULTS Toxicant p,p'-DDE was positively associated with an almost two-fold risk of autoimmune dysfunction. p,p'-DDE and PCB congeners 32, 136, and 138 were positively associated in a multivariate analysis with an autoimmune diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Pollutant exposures, specifically to p,p'-DDE and some PCB congeners, are common exposures that are associated with autoimmune dysfunction and autoimmune disease, although there are other factors and causes related to autoimmune dysfunction incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lee
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Mia V Gallo
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA.,Center for the Elimination of Minority Health Disparities, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence M Schell
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA.,Center for the Elimination of Minority Health Disparities, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
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- Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment, Akwesasne Mohawk Nation, Akwesasne, New York, USA
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Mohr S, Sifuentes dos Santos J, Schwanz TG, Wagner R, Mozzaquatro JO, Lorenzoni AS, Costabeber IH. Polychlorinated biphenyls in umbilical cord serum of newborns from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 451:323-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yuan Y, Hua X, Li M, Yin W, Shi H, Wang M. Development of a sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the monoclonal antibody for the detection of benzothiostrobin residue. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Cao LL, Yan CH, Yu XD, Tian Y, Zou XY, Lu DS, Shen XM. Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in Human Serum by Gas Chromatography with Micro-Electron Capture Detector. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:145-50. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmr031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Fang S, Zhang B, Ren KW, Cao MM, Shi HY, Wang MH. Development of a sensitive Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ic-ELISA) based on the monoclonal antibody for the detection of the imidaclothiz residue. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1594-1597. [PMID: 21299253 DOI: 10.1021/jf104241n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) based on monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) for imidaclothiz was developed. The hapten of imidaclothiz was synthesized and conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) to form the artificial antigens. MoAbs were obtained by immunizing BALB/c mice. Under the optimized conditions (10% methanol, 0.14 M Na(+), and pH 7.4), the half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC(50)) was 0.0875 ± 0.0034 mg/L and the limit of detection (IC(20)) was 0.0178 ± 0.0018 mg/L for imidaclothiz. There were no obvious cross-reactivities with most of the structural analogues of neonicotinoid insecticides, except imidacloprid. The recoveries of imidaclothiz in environmental and agricultural samples, including tap water, paddy water, soil, and cabbage, ranged from 80.43 to 113.83%, well within the requirements of residue detection. These results showed that this immunoassay could be used for the determination of imidaclothiz in environmental and agricultural samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Fang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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Goñi F, López R, Etxeandia A, Millán E, Amiano P. High throughput method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 852:15-21. [PMID: 17267299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 11/29/2006] [Accepted: 12/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An improved method for the determination of selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human serum was developed. The method requires low volume of serum (500 microl) and 48-96 samples per day can be prepared by one analyst without special automatic equipment. Initial extraction was performed using 96-well solid-phase extraction disk plates and was followed by a clean-up with silica gel/sulfuric acid. Different denaturation, elution and clean-up conditions were tested. Quantification was carried out by gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) or mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Recoveries of PCB congeners 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180 and OCPs HCB, beta-HCH, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT at two spiking levels (n=8) varied from 57 to 120%, and intra-day relative standard deviation from 1 to 11%, both depending on spiking level and compound. Inter-day relative standard deviation was <15% in all cases. Limit of quantification (LOQ) for these PCBs ranged from 0.08 to 0.13 ng/ml and for these OCPs from 0.16 to 0.40 ng/ml. The optimized method was applied to the analysis of 1000 serum samples from different places of Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Goñi
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Guipúzcoa, Avenida Navarra 4, 20013-San Sebastián, Spain.
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Fuoco R, Giannarelli S, Onor M, Ceccarini A, Carli V. Optimized cleanup methods of organic extracts for the determination of organic pollutants in biological samples. Microchem J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2004.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Charlier CJ, Albert AI, Zhang L, Dubois NG, Plomteux GJ. Polychlorinated biphenyls contamination in women with breast cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 347:177-81. [PMID: 15313156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2004] [Revised: 04/15/2004] [Accepted: 04/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widespread highly resistant pollutants in the environment with potential adverse health effects on humans. The aim of the study was to compare PCBs contamination in women suffering from breast cancer with presumably healthy women. METHODS A gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry method was used to identify and quantify seven PCBs congeners (IUPAC 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153,180) in blood from 60 cases of breast cancer and 60 age-matched healthy controls. RESULTS Cases and controls had similar risk profiles, except for menopausal status (respectively 82% vs. 65%, p=0.014). PCBs were detectable in 69.1% of the samples. Total blood level of PCBs was significantly different (p=0.012) in cases (7.08+/-7.51 ppb) and controls (5.10+/-5.15 ppb). The relationship between PCBs concentrations in serum and risk factor was mainly due to serum levels of PCB153, which were significantly higher in breast cancer women than in disease-free subjects (1.63+/-1.26 ppb vs. 0.63+/-0.78 ppb, p<0.0001), even after accounting for other potential risk factors. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that environmental exposure to PCBs may contribute to multifactorial pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne J Charlier
- Clinical Toxicology Laboratory, Liege University Hospital, Tour II+5, CHU Sart-Tilman, B 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Kontsas H, Pekari K. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in serum using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization for exposure estimation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 791:117-25. [PMID: 12798172 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective method for the determination of 24 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization (GC-MS-NCI) was applied for the recent needs of occupational exposure in waste incineration. The three most abundant ions were used in determining compounds with at least five chlorine atoms in the PCB molecule. Selecting ions Cl(35) and Cl(37) for di-, tri-, and tetrachlorinated PCBs resulted in reliable quantification of these compounds. The detection limits for the 24 individual compounds varied from 0.01 to 0.08 microg/l. The recovery of the method was 113+/-16%. Stability tests showed no degradation of the compounds studied during 6 weeks. The sum of 24 PCB compounds measured from the sera of workers in a disposal plant was 1.9-10.9 microg/l, and 0.3-3.0 microg/l for controls, respectively. The mean proportion of the low chlorinated PCB compounds (with four or less chlorine atoms) was 20% for workers in the disposal plant and 14% for the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kontsas
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland.
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Determination of organochlorine compounds in human adipose tissue using automated liquid chromatographic clean up and gas chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry. Chromatographia 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Gas chromatographic determination of selected pesticides in human serum by head-space solid-phase microextraction. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02492495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Moreno Frías M, Garrido Frenich A, Martínez Vidal JL, Mateu Sánchez M, Olea F, Olea N. Analyses of lindane, vinclozolin, aldrin, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT in human serum using gas chromatography with electron capture detection and tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 760:1-15. [PMID: 11522051 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, selective and reliable procedure was developed and validated to determine organochlorinated compounds, which present endocrine-disrupting effects, lindane, vinclozolin, aldrin, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE, in human serum. The analytical methodology combines serum extraction with organic solvents, clean-up of the organic extract using acid treatment with H2SO4, elution of the cleaned-up extract through liquid column chromatography system and analysis of the fraction eluted by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) detection mode. Performance characteristics, such as linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy or recovery, of both chromatographic methods were studied. The proposed analytical methodology was applied to analyse the target compounds in serum samples from women living in agricultural areas of Almería (Spain). Comparison of the MS-MS and the ECD results was made and the advantage of the MS-MS operation mode to determine endocrine disrupting compounds in complex matrices is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moreno Frías
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Almería, Spain
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15
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Frenich AG, Vidal JL, Frías MM, Olea-Serrano F, Olea N. Quantitative determination of endocrine- disrupting polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorinated pesticides in human serum using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection and tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2000; 35:967-975. [PMID: 10972996 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9888(200008)35:8<967::aid-jms24>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, selective and reliable procedure was developed and validated to determine organochlorinated compounds, which have endocrine-disrupting effects, in human serum. Target compounds were selected between polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorinated pesticides. Sample workup consisted of (1) extraction of serum with organic solvents, (2) clean-up of the organic extract using acid treatment with H(2)SO(4), (3) elution of the cleaned-up extract through a liquid column chromatographic system and (4) analysis of the fraction eluted by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (ECD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection. Performance characteristics, such as linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy and recovery, of both chromatographic methods were studied. The proposed analytical methodology was applied to determine the target compounds in serum samples from women living in agricultural areas of Almería (Spain). The results show the advantage of MS/MS over ECD in the analysis of real human serum samples where matrix interferences can be confused with target pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Frenich
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Almería, 04071 Almería, Spain
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Martínez Vidal JL, Moreno Frías M, Garrido Frenich A, Olea-Serrano F, Olea N. Trace determination of alpha- and beta-endosulfan and three metabolites in human serum by gas chromatography electron capture detection and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2000; 14:939-946. [PMID: 10844729 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(20000615)14:11<939::aid-rcm969>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Endosufan, alpha and beta, and three conversion products, sulphate, ether and lactone, were simultaneously determined in human serum by means of an analytical procedure which combines extraction with organic solvents, clean-up with H(2)SO(4) and by liquid column chromatography, and detection by gas chromatography (GC) using electron capture detection (ECD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The procedure was validated and the values of some merit figures, such as linear range, detection and quantitation limits, accuracy, precision and recovery, obtained with the GC/ECD and the GC/MS/MS methods, were compared. The lower limits of detection in GC/ECD and GC/MS/MS were 0.03 and 0.05 microg I(-1), respectively. The recovery of the pesticides at the 20 microg I(-1) concentration level was 60-65%, with the exception of endosufan alpha. Recovery studies at higher levels (100 and 200 microg I(-1)) were independent of pesticide concentration in serum samples. The application of the proposed analytical methodology to the determination of endosulfans and their metabolites in real samples was tested by analyzing serum samples from a population living in agricultural areas of Almeria (Spain). The results show the advantage of MS/MS over the ECD detector in the analysis of serum samples where matrix interferences can be confused with target pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Martínez Vidal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Almería, 04071 Almería, Spain.
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Juan CY, Thomas GO, Semple KT, Jones KC. Methods for the analysis of PCBs in human food, faeces and serum. CHEMOSPHERE 1999; 39:1467-1476. [PMID: 10481248 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A method was developed to determine trace concentrations of a range of individual PCB congeners in biological samples (serum, food and faeces) using GC-MS, to prepare a mass balance of PCBs in humans. A simple method for the analysis of PCBs in human serum, which excluded an extraction step, was first employed. Results indicated that the recoveries of 13C12 PCB spikes were variable. A soxhlet extraction step was added and was found to be efficient and reproducible. A quality control routine and method validation results are presented. In batch tests of the methods presented it was found that the serum analysis method gave within batch mean 13C12 spike recoveries of 98-120% and standard deviations between 6 and 20%. The food/faeces analysis method gave within-batch mean 13C12 spike recoveries of 88-100%, and within batch standard deviations between 4 and 12%. The batch to batch mean recovery for serum analysis was 100%, with an RSD of 9% for high spikes and 10% for low spikes. For food/faeces analysis the batch to batch average recovery was 110%, with an RSD of 5% for high spikes and 9% for low spikes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Juan
- Institute of Environmental and Natural Science, Environmental Science Department, Lancaster University, UK
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Cochran JW, Frame GM. Recent developments in the high-resolution gas chromatography of polychlorinated biphenyls. J Chromatogr A 1999; 843:323-68. [PMID: 10399859 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The capillary gas chromatography of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is reviewed. Focus is on the most recent developments in the separation and detection of PCBs rather than sample preparation methods. Included are a comprehensive look at stationary phases that have been used to separate PCBs and the relatively new work on chiral separations of PCBs. Mass spectrometry and atomic emission are presented as selective detection techniques. Suggestions for additional research are proposed where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Cochran
- Waste Management and Research Center, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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Winneke G, Bucholski A, Heinzow B, Krämer U, Schmidt E, Walkowiak J, Wiener JA, Steingrüber HJ. Developmental neurotoxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS): cognitive and psychomotor functions in 7-month old children. Toxicol Lett 1998; 102-103:423-8. [PMID: 10022290 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurobehavioral effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at environmental levels of exposure have been reported in cross-sectional and prospective studies in infants and children. However, observations differ for effect spectrum, persistence and effective matrix (cord plasma, maternal plasma or milk). In order to improve risk assessment by clarifying some of these uncertainties, a European multicentric study was set up. Results from the German (Düsseldorf) cohort covering 171 healthy mother-infant pairs are given. The sum of PCB congeners 138, 153 and 180 (sigma PCB) in cord plasma and maternal milk was used to describe neonatal PCB exposure. Mean sigma PCB-concentrations were 0.55 ng/ml in cord plasma and 427 ng/g fat in breastmilk. This report covers the Bayley II mental (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) as well as the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence (Visual Recognition Memory) taken at 7 months of age in relation to neonatal sigma PCB. After confounder-adjustment significant negative associations were found between sigma PCB in milk and MDI (P < 0.05), whereas the other associations proved insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Winneke
- Medizinisches Institut für Umwelthygiene an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Weinand-Härer A, Lilienthal H, Bucholski KA, Winneke G. Behavioral effects of maternal exposure to an ortho-chlorinated or a coplanar PCB congener in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1997; 3:97-103. [PMID: 21781766 DOI: 10.1016/s1382-6689(96)00145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/1996] [Revised: 12/02/1996] [Accepted: 12/11/1996] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are still of environmental concern. Neurotoxic effects were described after developmental exposure to PCB mixtures and single congeners. The purpose of the present experiment was to compare the behavioral effects of the coplanar congener 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl with the ortho-chlorinated 2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. Female Wistar rats were exposed with a subtoxic dose of 1 mg/kg b.w. of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl or the vehicle during gestation from day 7 to 18. There were significant lower concentrations of 3,4,3',4'-TCB than of 2,4,2',4'-TCB in dams and offspring at gestational day 19. Decreases from gestational day 19 (F 19) to postnatal day 21 (PND 21) were only observed in the adipose from dams exposed to 2,4,2',4'-TCB. The following behavioral tests were conducted in the offspring: locomotor activity in the open field, spatial learning in the radial arm maze, catalepsy induced by the dopamine receptor blocker haloperidol, and passive avoidance learning at PND 25, PND 95, PND 180, and PND 220, respectively. Significant differences to the control group were detected in the 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl exposed offspring. There were increases in descent latencies in the catalepsy test and impairments of passive avoidance behavior. These behavioral effects were observed in the adult rats long after the termination of exposure when internal PCB levels were indistinguishable from those of controls. A mediation of the reported effects by alterations of dopaminergic processes or thyroid hormone levels is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weinand-Härer
- Medical Institute of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Psychophysiology, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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