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Wróbel-Szkolak J, Cwener A, Komsta Ł. Novel Hyperspectral Analysis of Thin-Layer Chromatographic Plates-An Application to Fingerprinting of 70 Polish Grasses. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093745. [PMID: 37175155 PMCID: PMC10179984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The advantages of hyperspectral imaging in videodensitometry are presented and discussed with the example of extracts from 70 Polish grasses. An inexpensive microscope camera was modified to cover the infrared spectrum range, and then 11 combinations of illumination (254 nm, 366 nm, white light), together with various filters (no filter, IRCut, UV, cobalt glass, IR pass), were used to register RGB HDR images of the same plate. It was revealed that the resulting 33 channels of information could be compressed into 5-6 principal components and then visualized separately as grayscale images. We also propose a new approach called principal component artificial coloring of images (PCACI). It allows easy classification of chromatographic spots by presenting three PC components as RGB channels, providing vivid spots with artificial colors and visualizing six principal components on two color images. The infrared region brings additional information to the registered data, orthogonal to the other channels and not redundant with photos in the visible region. This is the first published attempt to use a hyperspectral camera in TLC and it can be clearly concluded that such an approach deserves routine use and further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wróbel-Szkolak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Cwener
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Botanical Garden of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 3 Sławinkowska Street, 20-810 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Komsta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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2
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Gadowski S, Tomiczak K, Komsta Ł. High dynamic range in videodensitometry—a comparative study to classic videoscanning on Gentiana extracts. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-023-00226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe advantages of high dynamic range (HDR) imaging in videodensitometry are presented and discussed on the example of Gentiana extract thin-layer fingerprints visualized under 254 nm. An inexpensive microscope camera, together with security surveillance lens, mounted instead of original camera on videodensitometry chamber, allows to grab HDR images with high tonal range using Python scripts and OpenCL library. HDR imaging preserves linearity in whole tonal range and does not destroy details in the brightest and darkest plate regions, so it can be seen as a good alternative to classical videodensitometry. Moreover, the tonemapping of HDR images can be used to present a plate photograph with enhanced visibility of weak spots and other details. Principal component analysis done on nine classic exposures and HDR image proves that HDR image contains the highest amount of extracted information from the thin-layer chromatographic plate.
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Ibrahim RS, Khairy A, Zaatout HH, Hammoda HM, Metwally AM, Salman AM. Chemometric evaluation of alfalfa sprouting impact on its metabolic profile using HPTLC fingerprint-efficacy relationship analysis modelled with partial least squares regression. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 179:112990. [PMID: 31791836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sprouting is a commonly applied food processing practice specially in Western countries. Tracking the impact of sprouting of Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa) seeds on their phytochemical composition and curative efficacy was implemented in the current study. Sprouting of alfalfa seeds under controlled conditions for eleven days was performed in a biochemical incubator and three samples were randomly taken each day. A total of thirty-six samples (three ungerminated seeds and thirty-three sprouts samples) were collected, extracted and their cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against five pathogenic microbial strains were measured. Samples were subjected to High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) as a pattern-oriented strategy for metabolite fingerprinting to discover the fluctuations occurring during the sprouting process accompanied by multivariate chemometric analysis. Unsupervised pattern recognition was carried out using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) after extracting the chromatographic fingerprints from HPTLC chromatograms using ImageJ® software. PCA- loading plots demonstrated that luteolin-7-O-glucoside, ferulic acid and P-coumaric acid were the metabolically significant markers. Thus, simultaneous quantification of these crucial three markers in different aged alfalfa seeds/ sprouts extracts was performed using a newly developed and validated HPTLC-image analysis method. The results of the biological activities together with the quantitative data were further subjected to a Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) model for implementing HPTLC fingerprint-efficacy relationship analysis. The results obtained from metabolic pool profiling revealed that sprouting can cause remarkable changes in the phytochemical, nutritional and efficacy characteristics of alfalfa seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Khairy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Hala H Zaatout
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Hala M Hammoda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Aly M Metwally
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Salman
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Solana-Altabella A, Sánchez-Iranzo M, Bueso-Bordils J, Lahuerta-Zamora L, Mellado-Romero A. Computer vision-based analytical chemistry applied to determining iron in commercial pharmaceutical formulations. Talanta 2018; 188:349-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ristivojević P, Trifković J, Vovk I, Milojković-Opsenica D. Comparative study of different approaches for multivariate image analysis in HPTLC fingerprinting of natural products such as plant resin. Talanta 2017; 162:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Sharif KM, Rahman MM, Azmir J, Khatib A, Sabina E, Shamsudin SH, Zaidul ISM. Multivariate analysis of PRISMA optimized TLC image for predicting antioxidant activity and identification of contributing compounds from Pereskia bleo. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1826-33. [PMID: 26033701 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multivariate analysis of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) images was modeled to predict antioxidant activity of Pereskia bleo leaves and to identify the contributing compounds of the activity. TLC was developed in optimized mobile phase using the 'PRISMA' optimization method and the image was then converted to wavelet signals and imported for multivariate analysis. An orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) model was developed consisting of a wavelet-converted TLC image and 2,2-diphynyl-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of 24 different preparations of P. bleo as the x- and y-variables, respectively. The quality of the constructed OPLS model (1 + 1 + 0) with one predictive and one orthogonal component was evaluated by internal and external validity tests. The validated model was then used to identify the contributing spot from the TLC plate that was then analyzed by GC-MS after trimethylsilyl derivatization. Glycerol and amine compounds were mainly found to contribute to the antioxidant activity of the sample. An alternative method to predict the antioxidant activity of a new sample of P. bleo leaves has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Sharif
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmed Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - M M Rahman
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmed Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - J Azmir
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmed Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - A Khatib
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmed Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - E Sabina
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmed Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - S H Shamsudin
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmed Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - I S M Zaidul
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmed Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Oko A, Jim S, Taschuk M, Brett M. Time resolved chromatograms in ultra-thin layer chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1249:226-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Migas P, Borys I. BMD-TLC — a useful separation technique for quantitative analysis of arbutin and hydroquinone in herbal drugs. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.24.2012.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Lahuerta Zamora L, Pérez-Gracia MT. Using digital photography to implement the McFarland method. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:1892-7. [PMID: 22337631 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The McFarland method allows the concentration of bacterial cells in a liquid medium to be determined by either of two instrumental techniques: turbidimetry or nephelometry. The microbes act by absorbing and scattering incident light, so the absorbance (turbidimetry) or light intensity (nephelometry) measured is directly proportional to their concentration in the medium. In this work, we developed a new analytical imaging method for determining the concentration of bacterial cells in liquid media. Digital images of a series of McFarland standards are used to assign turbidity-based colour values with the aid of dedicated software. Such values are proportional to bacterial concentrations, which allow a calibration curve to be readily constructed. This paper assesses the calibration reproducibility of an intra-laboratory study and compares the turbidimetric and nephelometric results with those provided by the proposed method, which is relatively simple and affordable; in fact, it can be implemented with a digital camera and the public domain software ImageJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lahuerta Zamora
- Departamento de Química, Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, 46113 Moncada, Spain.
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Fazakaş LA, Naşcu-Briciu RD, Sârbu C. A COMPARATIVE STUDY CONCERNING THE IMAGE ANALYSIS IN THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF FLUORESCENT COMPOUNDS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.587226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Alexandru Fazakaş
- a Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Babeş-Bolyai University , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Costel Sârbu
- a Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Babeş-Bolyai University , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Hemmateenejad B, Mobaraki N, Shakerizadeh-Shirazi F, Miri R. Multivariate image analysis-thin layer chromatography (MIA-TLC) for simultaneous determination of co-eluting components. Analyst 2010; 135:1747-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00078g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Zhang L. In situ image segmentation using the convexity of illumination distribution of the light sources. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 2008; 30:1786-1799. [PMID: 18703831 DOI: 10.1109/tpami.2007.70830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
When separating objects from a background in an image, we often meet difficulties in obtaining the precise output due to the unclear edges of the objects, as well as the poor or nonuniform illumination. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents an in situ segmentation method which takes advantages of the distribution feature of illumination of light sources, rather than analyzing the image pixels themselves. After analyzing the convexity of illumination distribution (CID) of point and linear light sources, the paper makes use of the CID features to find pixels belonging to the background. Then some background pixels are selected as control points to reconstruct the image background by means of B-spline; finally, by subtracting the reconstructed background from the original image, global thresholding can be employed to make the final segmentation. Quantitative evaluation experiments are made to test the performance of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute of Image and Computer Graphics, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Johnsson R, Träff G, Sundén M, Ellervik U. Evaluation of quantitative thin layer chromatography using staining reagents. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1164:298-305. [PMID: 17678935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) using staining reagents is a superior method for analyzing organic compounds without chromophores. It is fast, versatile and sometimes the only viable method. We have investigated quantitative TLC using staining reagents, in combination with modern image analysis software. Our results show that it is possible to get reliable measurements, suitable for high-throughput screening or physical organic investigations. The range of detection and the errors for the different parts of the process are illustrated. We show that the errors are largely due to the staining process and can be diminished by measuring ratios of compounds.
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14
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Zhang L, Lin X. Quantitative evaluation of thin-layer chromatography with image background estimation based on charge-coupled device imaging. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1109:273-8. [PMID: 16490200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2005] [Revised: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The main limitation of image processing based on charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging in quantitative evaluation of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is its nonuniform illumination. This paper presents a novel method to solve the problem. First, the background is estimated by employing the cubic spline surface construction. Then the estimated background is subtracted from the original image to make the image segmentation; Finally, the gray level integration for each object is calculated, which is proportional to the value of samples. Experiment shows that the linear correlation coefficient between gray integration and concentration of samples is 0.9978.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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15
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Mustoe S, McCrossen S. TLC image capture and analysis by use of a prototype device for visualizing fluorescence. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2001. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.14.2001.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Densitometric analysis for quality control in poly(vinyl chloride)-membrane electrode manufacturing. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)00891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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A comparison between slit densitometry and video densitometry for quantitation in thin layer chromatography. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Simonovska B, Andrensek S, Vovk I, Prosek M. High-performance thin-layer chromatography method for monitoring norfloxacin residues on pharmaceutical equipment surfaces. J Chromatogr A 1999; 862:209-15. [PMID: 10596978 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method with direct fluorescence measurement for the determination of norfloxacin. The method was validated for the monitoring of norfloxacin residues on stainless steel surfaces at the allowed limit of 10 mg of norfloxacin per square meter. However, it can be adapted for lower amounts of residues owing to the low detection limit of norfloxacin (about 5 ng) and can also be used for other surface materials. Test solutions were analyzed by the new HPTLC method and the known HPLC method for comparison. Accuracy and precision of the new HPTLC method, with a subsequent quantification by densitometer or video system, are comparable with those of the HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Simonovska
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Abstract
An overview of the state-of-the-art of modern thin-layer chromatography (planar chromatography) is presented with emphasis on the complementary features of thin-layer and column liquid chromatographic separations. The reasons for selecting thin-layer chromatography for a particular analysis are identified by its attributes: a disposable stationary phase; simultaneous parallel separations; static detection free of time constraints; storage device for chromatographic information; all sample components are observed in the chromatogram. Future prospects for improved separation performance in TLC using zone refocusing, forced flow and electroosmotic flow methods are discussed as well as increasing zone capacity by using two-dimensional development and coupling to column chromatographic methods. Advances in coupling thin-layer chromatography with spectroscopic methods for structural elucidation are also considered. Finally, some predictions are made for how thin-layer chromatography will be practiced in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Poole
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Simonovska B, Prosek M, Vovk I, Jelen-Zmitek A. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic separation of ranitidine hydrochloride and two related compounds. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 715:425-30. [PMID: 9792529 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ranitidine hydrochloride and its two related compounds, used in the USP TLC purity testing of the drug, were separated on a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) RP-18 WF254S precoated plate using methanol-3% NH4OH (4:1, v/v) as the mobile phase. The main advantage of the proposed HPTLC system over the USP TLC system for testing the purity of ranitidine is a better and more efficient separation of these three compounds in a shorter time and with less consumption of solvents. The system is promising from the point of view of the development of a new method for the TLC purity testing of ranitidine hydrochloride. A video system was used for imaging thin-layer chromatograms. Direct UV densitometric quantitation of the three compounds and a model for the calculation of analytical performance parameters is presented in the second part of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Simonovska
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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