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Shahangi F, Chermahini AN, Dabbagh HA, Teimouri A, Farrokhpour H. Enantiomeric separation of d- and l-lactic acid enantiomers by use of nanotubular cyclicpeptides: A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Flieger J, Czajkowska-Żelazko A. Usefulness of the chaotropic effect in sample preparation for chromatographic analysis of acidic xenobiotics in human plasma. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3035-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Medical University of Lublin; Lublin Poland
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3
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Shen X, Zhang G, Zhang D. A New Fluorometric Turn-On Detection of l-Lactic Acid Based on the Cascade Enzymatic and Chemical Reactions and the Abnormal Fluorescent Behavior of Silole. Org Lett 2012; 14:1744-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300344q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shen
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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4
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Li YS, Ju X, Gao XF, Zhao YY, Wu YF. Immobilization enzyme fluorescence capillary analysis for determination of lactic acid. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 610:249-56. [PMID: 18291136 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the determination of lactic acid based on the immobilization enzyme fluorescence capillary analysis (IE-FCA) was proposed. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was immobilized on inner surface of a capillary with glutaraldehyde, and an immobilized enzyme lactate capillary bioreactor (IE-LCBR) was formed for the determination of lactic acid. After nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is mixed with lactic acid solution, it was sucked into the IE-LCBR and was detected at lambda(ex) 353 nm/lambda(em) 466 nm. Optimized conditions are as follows: the temperature is 38 degrees C; the reaction time is 15 min; the concentrations of Tris buffer (pH 8.8) and NAD(+) are 0.1 mol L(-1) and 4 mmol L(-1), respectively; the concentration of LDH used for immobilization is 15 kU L(-1). The concentration of lactic acid is directly proportional to the fluorescence intensity measured from 0.50 to 2.0 mmol L(-1); and the analytical recovery of added lactic acid was 99-105%. The minimum detection limit of the method is 0.40 mmol L(-1) and sensitivity of the IE-CBR is 4.6 F mmol(-1) L(-1) lactate. Its relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) is < or =2.0%. This IE-FCA method was employed for determination of lactate in milk drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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5
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Zhao S, Wang H, Zhang R, Tang L, Liu YM. Degradingdehydroabietylisothiocyanate as a chiral derivatizing reagent for enantiomeric separations by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3428-33. [PMID: 16892482 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abietic acid is a naturally occurring enantiomeric diterpenic acid. Its absolute optical purity and very stable stereochemistry structure makes it an excellent starting material for preparing chiral derivatizing reagents for chromatographic or electrophoretic applications. This paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of a novel chiral derivatization reagent, i.e., degradingdehydroabietylisothiocyanate (DDHAIC) derived from dehydroabietic acid. Its applicability for the enantioseparation of racemic amino acids by CE was demonstrated. DDHAIC reacted readily with amino acids at an elevated temperature (70 degrees C). The resulting derivatives were highly stable and separable by MEKC. Separation of amino acid-DDHAIC diastereomers was achieved with a running buffer consisting of 50 mM Na(2)HPO(4) (pH 9.0), 18 mM SDS, and 25% v/v ACN. Under the conditions selected, diastereomers formed from ten pairs of tested amino acid enantiomers including D/L-Asn, D/L-Met, D/L-Leu, D/L-Phe, D/L-Trp, D/L-Ser, D/L-Val, D/L-Ala, D/L-Thr, and R/S-vigabatrin were well resolved. The resolution values were in the range of 0.95-8.9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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6
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Paik MJ, Nguyen DT, Cho IS, Lee S, Kim KR. Measurement and Identification of (R)- and (S)-6-O-Desmethylnaproxen Enantiomers as Diastereomeric O-Ethoxycarbonyl/(R)-(+)-1-Phenylethylamides in Urine by GC and GC-MS. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Tan L, Wang Y, Liu X, Ju H, Li J. Simultaneous determination of l- and d-lactic acid in plasma by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 814:393-8. [PMID: 15639464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for simultaneous determination of d- and l-lactic acids in plasma was presented by capillary electrophoresis with photodiode array detection at 195nm. The separation was performed in an uncoated fused-silica capillary. The parameters influencing the resolution and the migration time of lactic acids were optimized. When 150mM phosphate-Tris buffer (pH 7.0) consisting of 220mM 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and 0.2mM tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide was utilized as the running buffer, highly effective chiral separation of d- and l-lactic acids was achieved at about 42min at an effective voltage of -25kV. The resolution of lactic acid enantiomers was >/=1.25. The limits of detection of d- and l-lactic acids in standard solution without any pretreatment were 80 and 50muM (S/N=3), respectively. Sample pretreatment was preceded by protein-removal procedure with acetonitrile. With a pre-concentration procedure by 10 times, the limits of detection of d- and l-lactic acids were 20 and 15muM (S/N=10), respectively. The satisfactory analytical performance of the proposed method was validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
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8
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Paik MJ, Lee Y, Goto J, Kim KR. Chiral discrimination of multiple profens as diastereomeric (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamides by achiral dual-column gas chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 803:257-65. [PMID: 15063334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2003] [Revised: 12/16/2003] [Accepted: 12/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Profens were converted into diastereomeric (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamides using ethyl chloroformate and triethylamine in dichloromethane. Gas chromatographic analysis on dual-columns with different polarities provided complete enantioresolution of eight profens, facilitating chiral discrimination based on matching with retention index sets characteristic of each enantiomer. The present method was linear (r >/= 0.9992) with good precision (0.8-6.0%) and accuracy (-9.3 to 0.003%), allowing detection of trace (R)-profens in optical purity test on four (S)-profen mixture in a single run. And the method allowed simultaneous enantiomeric screening for ibuprofen enantiomers and their chiral metabolites excreted in urine following administration of racemic ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chunchun-dong, Jangan-ku, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 440-746, South Korea
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9
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Paik MJ, Kim KR. Optical purity determination of (S)-lbuprofen in tablets by achiral gas chromatography. Arch Pharm Res 2004; 27:820-4. [PMID: 15460441 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An optical purity test was indirectly performed on (S)-ibuprofen as its diastereomeric (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamide derivative using achiral gas chromatography (GC). The method for the determination of trace (R)-ibuprofen (optical impurity), within the range 1.0 to 50 ng, from a racemic ibuprofen standard was linear (r = 0.9997) with acceptable precision (% RSD < or = 5.3) and accuracy (% RE = 0.7 - -3.9). Similar results were obtained with the method validation for the quantification of (S)-ibuprofen within the range 0.1 to 2.0 microg using a (S)-ibuprofen standard. When applied to seven different commercial (S)-ibuprofen products, their optical purities (98.7 - 99.1%) were determined with good precision (% RSD < or = 4.0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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10
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Ewaschuk JB, Zello GA, Naylor JM, Brocks DR. Metabolic acidosis: separation methods and biological relevance of organic acids and lactic acid enantiomers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 781:39-56. [PMID: 12450652 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic acidosis can result from accumulation of organic acids in the blood due to anaerobic metabolism or intestinal bacterial fermentation of undigested substrate under certain conditions. These conditions include short-bowel syndrome, grain overfeeding of ruminants and, as recently reported, severe gastroenteritis. Measuring fermentation products such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactic acid in various biological samples is integral to the diagnosis of bacterial overgrowth. Stereospecific measurement of D- and L-lactic acid is necessary for confirmation of the origin and nature of metabolic acidosis. In this paper, methods for the separation of SCFAs and lactic acid are reviewed. Analysis of the organic acids involved in carbohydrate metabolism has been achieved by enzymatic methods, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Sample preparation techniques developed for these analytes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia B Ewaschuk
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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11
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Kodama S, Yamamoto A, Matsunaga A, Matsui K, Nakagomi K, Hayakawa K. Behaviors of D- and L-lactic acids during the brewing process of sake (Japanese rice wine). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:767-770. [PMID: 11829643 DOI: 10.1021/jf011098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The amounts of D- and L-lactic acids during the brewing process of sake were determined by capillary electrophoresis using 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector. Because L-lactic acid, which prevents the growth of nonuseful microorganisms, is a raw material of sake, the ratio of L-lactic acid to total lactic acid is almost 1.0 at the initial stage of sake brewing. During brewing, the ratio decreased gradually and finally reached 0.39. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for sake brewing produced D-lactic acid, but not L-lactic acid in a culture medium. These results suggest that the decrease in the ratio of L-lactic acid to total lactic acid during sake brewing resulted in D-lactic acid production by yeast. The ratios in 18 brands of sake obtained commercially ranged from 0.23 to 0.78. The levels of D-lactic acid in sake (140-274 mg/L) were in a narrower range than those of L-lactic acid (61-461 mg/L). Although the D-lactic acid level in sake did not correspond to total lactic acid level, the L-lactic acid level correlated well with total lactic acid level (R(2) = 0.867). These results suggest that the ratio of L-lactic acid to total lactic acid in sake reflected the amount of L-lactic acid added at the initial stage of sake brewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kodama
- Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Kosugi-machi, Toyama 939-0363, Japan.
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12
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Gübitz G, Schmid MG. Chiral separation by chromatographic and electromigration techniques. A review. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2001; 22:291-336. [PMID: 11835252 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review gives a survey of different chiral separation principles and their use in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) highlighting new developments and innovative techniques. The mechanisms of the different separation principles are briefly discussed and some selected applications are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gübitz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens University, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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13
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Uchiyama S, Santa T, Imai K. A fluorogenic reagent, 4-mercapto-7-methylthio-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole for carboxylic acids, designed by prediction of the fluorescence intensity. Anal Chem 2001; 73:2165-70. [PMID: 11393836 DOI: 10.1021/ac001232j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During the course of our studies of the development of fluorogenic reagents having a 4,7-disubstituted benzofurazan structure, we previously proposed 7-acetylamino-4-mercapto-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (AABD-SH) as a fluorogenic reagent for carboxylic acids. Since then, progress has made it possible to estimate the fluorescence quantum yields of the 4,7-disubstituted benzofurazan compounds on the basis of the PM3 calculation of their S1-T2 energies. Subsequently, a new fluorogenic reagent, 4-mercapto-7-methylthio-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (MTBDSH) was designed and synthesized. In the presence of condensation reagents, triphenylphosphine (TPP) and 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide (DPDS), MTBD-SH readily reacted with n-caprylic acid within 1 min at room temperature. The derivatives of five carboxylic acids (n-caprylic acid, n-capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, and palmitic acid) were well-separated on a reversed-phase column and were fluorimetrically detected at 519 nm with excitation at 391 nm. The detection limits (S/N = 3) were 2.4-5.0 fmol. Thus, MTBD-SH had properties that were considered to be superior. For carboxylic acids, itwas superior not only to AABD-SH, but also to many other conventional reagents. The superiority was examined in terms of its reactivity and sensitivity and the avoidance of interfering peaks that were derived from the reagent itself or degradation products in the chromatogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Sun XX, Sun LZ, Aboul-Enein HY. Chiral derivatization reagents for drug enantioseparation by high-performance liquid chromatography based upon pre-column derivatization and formation of diastereomers: enantioselectivity and related structure. Biomed Chromatogr 2001; 15:116-32. [PMID: 11268052 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Structures and related enantioselectivities of the respective chiral derivatization reagents (CDRs) for drug enantioseparation by high-performance chromatography based upon pre-column derivatization and diastereomeric formation are reviewed. The elution order of diastereomers caused reaction of some CDRs with enantiomeric amino acids and carboxylic acids. The development of new CDRs available for indirect HPLC methods is also discussed. (c) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Changzhou 213016, People's Republic of China
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15
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Kodama S, Yamamoto A, Matsunaga A, Soga T, Minoura K. Direct chiral resolution of lactic acid in food products by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2000; 875:371-7. [PMID: 10839157 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chiral resolution of native DL-lactic acid was performed by capillary electrophoresis using 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector. Various factors affecting chiral resolution, migration time, and peak area of lactic acid were studied. The running conditions for optimum separation of lactic acid were found to be 90 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 240 mM 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin with an effective voltage of -30 kV at 16 degrees C, using direct detection at 200 nm. In order to enhance the sensitivity, sample injection was done under a pressure of 50 mbar for 200 s. On-line sample concentration was accomplished by sample stacking. With this system, D- and L-lactic acids in food products were analyzed successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kodama
- Toyama Institute of Health, Japan.
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16
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Chapter 9 Recent developments in liquid chromatographic enantioseparation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-7192(00)80012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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17
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Muramatsu N, Toyo'oka T, Yamaguchi K, Kobayashi S. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of erdosteine and its optical active metabolite utilizing a fluorescent chiral tagging reagent, R-(-)-4-(N,N-dimethylamiosulfonyl)-7-(3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-2 ,1,3-benzoxadiazole. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 719:177-89. [PMID: 9869378 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chiral separation of racemic M1 metabolized from erdosteine was investigated by reversed-phase chromatography. The sensitive determination of M1 and erdosteine with UV detection was difficult because of their low absorptivity in the effective wavelength region. To improve the sensitivity and separatability, one thiol and two carboxyl groups in the M1 structure were labelled with DBD-F and R-(-)-DBD-APy, respectively. Non-fluorescent DBD-F quantitatively reacted with thiol in M1 at room temperature for 30 min in borate buffer (pH 9.3) to produce the fluorescent derivative. On the other hand, the labelling of two carboxyls was carried out with a chiral fluorescent reagent, R-(-)-DBD-APy, in acetonitrile containing DPPA. The derivatives corresponding to a pair of the enantiomers were completely separated with water-acetonitrile containing 0.1% TFA as the mobile phase by an ODS column. Erdosteine with a carboxyl group was also labelled with R-(-)-DBD-APy and separated together with M1 derivatives. The detection limits (S/N=3) of erdosteine and M1 were 0.37 and 0.22 pmol, respectively. The proposed derivatization and separation methods were applied to simultaneous determination of racemic M1 and erdosteine in rat plasma after administration of erdosteine. The amounts of both enantiomers of M1 were essentially the same in oral and intravenous administrations. In contrast, total amounts (reduced-form and oxidized-form) of S-(-)-M1 in rat plasma were higher than those of R(+)-M1 in both administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Muramatsu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan
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