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Chong X, Wang L, Hu C, He L. Quality control and consistency evaluation of ceftriaxone sodium for injection. J Chemother 2023; 35:477-490. [PMID: 36519963 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2153314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ceftriaxone sodium for injection is an antibiotic used clinically. Here, we developed a strategy for evaluating the consistency of ceftriaxone sodium for injection. Comparison of the quality of the generic and original raw materials, and analysis of the production process revealed that the quality of the ceftriaxone sodium raw material is the most important factor affecting the quality of preparation, while the ceftriaxone sodium crystallization process is the key factor affecting the quality of raw materials. The solution clarity of the formulation, another key aspect, was addressed by controlling the leachable components found in the rubber closures used in the packaging. The time to achieve therapeutic efficacy of the preparation could be preliminarily evaluated by evaluating the rate of salt formation and the protein binding rate. Finally, the results of the tests (including water, pH, impurity profile and solution clarity) and assay were compared with the original preparation. On this basis, the critical quality attributes (CQAs) that reflect the quality of the product could be determined and a strategy for evaluating ceftriaxone sodium for injection was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Chong
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Changqin Hu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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2
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Farrag SA, Rageh AH, Askal HF, Saleh GA. HPTLC/MS and HPTLC/UV for Monitoring of Degradation Behavior of Some β-Lactam Antibiotics Mixtures Under Ambient Storage Conditions. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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de Aléssio PV, Kogawa AC, Salgado HRN. Quality of Ceftriaxone Sodium in Lyophilized Powder for Injection Evaluated by Clean, Fast, and Efficient Spectrophotometric Method. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:7530242. [PMID: 29057140 PMCID: PMC5605905 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7530242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ceftriaxone sodium, an antimicrobial agent that plays an important role in clinical practice, is successfully used to treat infections caused by most Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Since there are few rapid analytical methods for ceftriaxone analysis to use in the pharmaceutical routine, the aim of this research was to develop a new method able to quantify this cephalosporin. Therefore, a sensitive, rapid, simple UV spectrophotometric method for the determination and quantification of ceftriaxone sodium was proposed. The UV detector was set at 241 nm. Beer's law obeyed the concentration range of 10-20 µg mL-1. Statistical comparison of the results with a well-established reported method showed excellent agreement and proved that there is no significant difference in the accuracy and precision. Intra- and interday variability for the method were less than 2% relative standard deviation. The proposed method was applied to the determination of the examined drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and the results demonstrated that the method is equally accurate, precise, and reproducible as the official methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Vidal de Aléssio
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Kogawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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4
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Tůma P, Jaček M, Fejfarová V, Polák J. Electrophoretic stacking for sensitive determination of antibiotic ceftazidime in human blood and microdialysates from diabetic foot. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 942:139-145. [PMID: 27720117 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An electrophoretic stacking method has been developed for monitoring the therapeutic level of the antibiotic ceftazidime in blood plasma and microdialysates taken from peripheral soft tissues of the lower limbs of patients with diabetic foot syndrome. The biological samples are treated by addition of acetonitrile in an amount of 75% v/v and injected into a capillary in a large volume; after turning on the separation voltage, the residual acetonitrile is forced out of the capillary by the application of hydrodynamic pressure. The clinical samples were separated in an optimised background electrolyte composed of 50 mM chloroacetic acid +20% v/v methanol +0.5% v/v INST coating solution. The attained LOD for ceftazidime equalled 0.42 μg mL-1 (0.8 μM) and the migration time equalled 3.75 min when using a 25 μm capillary with minimum length of 31.5 cm. The separation was controlled by a maximum voltage of +30 kV and the movement of the analyte was accelerated by a pressure of 50 mbar. The RSD values for intra-day repeatability of the migration time and peak area are 0.14% and 3.8%, respectively; the inter-day values equalled 0.25% for the migration time and 7.3% for peak area, respectively. Pharmacological studies revealed that ceftazidime passes from the blood circulation to the peripheral tissues of the lower limbs with an efficiency of 20%. The introduction of CE control of ceftazidime level in diabetic foot represents a very important improvement in achieving the targeted therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Tůma
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Jaček
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Fejfarová
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Diabetes Center, Vídeňská 1958, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Polák
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Ruská 87, Prague 10000, Czech Republic; 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Vinohrady Teaching Hospital, Šrobárova 50, Prague 10034, Czech Republic
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Wang L, Zheng X, Zhong W, Chen J, Jiang J, Hu P. Validation and Application of an LC-MS-MS Method for the Determination of Ceftizoxime in Human Serum and Urine. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:713-9. [PMID: 26896348 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ceftizoxime sodium is a third-generation cephalosporin available for parenteral administration, which is mainly excreted through urine. A rapid and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of ceftizoxime in human serum and urine. The samples were purified by protein precipitation and separated on an XTerra Phenyl column (4.6 × 50 mm, 5 µm). Electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring were used to monitor the ion transitions at m/z 383.9/227.0. The results revealed that the method had excellent selectivity. The linear range covered from 2.50 to 10,000 ng/mL in serum and from 0.500 to 50.0 µg/mL in urine, respectively. Intra-batch and inter-batch precisions (in terms of relative standard deviation) were all <15% and the accuracies (in terms of relative error) were within the range of ± 15%. The lower limit of quantification, stability and extraction recovery were also validated and satisfied the criteria of validation. Finally, the method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of Chinese elderly healthy subjects after intravenous administration. The Cmax values in serum were 34,721.3 ± 5,697.3 ng/mL. Serum concentrations declined with t1/2 of 2.57 ± 0.22 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, N°41 Damucang, Xidan, Xicheng District, Beijing 100032, PR China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, N°41 Damucang, Xidan, Xicheng District, Beijing 100032, PR China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, N°41 Damucang, Xidan, Xicheng District, Beijing 100032, PR China
| | - Jia Chen
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, N°41 Damucang, Xidan, Xicheng District, Beijing 100032, PR China
| | - Ji Jiang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, N°41 Damucang, Xidan, Xicheng District, Beijing 100032, PR China
| | - Pei Hu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, N°41 Damucang, Xidan, Xicheng District, Beijing 100032, PR China
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Graphene Oxide-Reinforced Hollow Fiber Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Cephalosporins in Milk Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of cefotetan in human plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Chem Res Chin Univ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-014-4116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Jin HE, Jin SE, Maeng HJ. Recent bioanalytical methods for quantification of third-generation cephalosporins using HPLC and LC-MS(/MS) and their applications in pharmacokinetic studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1565-87. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Eon Jin
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Eon Jin
- College of Pharmacy; Yonsei University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy; Inje University; 607 Obang-dong, Gimhae Gyeongnam 621-749 Republic of Korea
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Wang W, Zhu XM, Wang CM, Gou S, Chen ZH, Zhao Y. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral and intravenous cefetamet in dog. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 40:401-7. [PMID: 25016476 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-014-0217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of intravenously (IV) administered cefetamet-Na and per os (PO) administered cefetamet pivoxil were investigated in eighteen healthy dogs at three different dose levels. The three doses for IV cefetamet-Na were 95, 190 and 380 mg, while those for oral cefetamet pivoxil were 125, 250 and 500 mg (both equivalent to 90, 180 and 360 mg of cefetamet). An efficacy predictor, measured as the ratios of the time that the concentration of the free drug is over the MIC90 (T > MIC90) and the dosing interval (f% T > MIC90) of IV and PO administration were calculated. The PK parameters' maximum concentration (C max), half-life (t 1/2) and area under the curve (AUC0-t ) after three IV doses were 42.85 ± 11.79 μg/mL, 1.66 ± 0.36 h and 80.10 ± 28.92 mg h/L (95 mg); 93.50 ± 30.51 μg/mL, 1.47 ± 0.13 h and 1.47 ± 0.13 mg h/L (190 mg); 185.74 ± 113.83 μg/mL, 1.60 ± 0.38 h and 263.20 ± 73.27 mg h/L (380 mg). After PO administration, the C max, t 1/2 and AUC0-t at three doses were 9.25 ± 1.02 μg/mL, 1.79 ± 0.50 h and 31.90 ± 4.76 mg h/L (125 mg); 9.75 ± 1.77 μg/mL, 1.93 ± 0.65 h and 42.69 ± 8.93 mg h/L (250 mg); 15.55 ± 6.65 μg/mL, 2.02 ± 0.54 h, and 68.72 ± 24.11 mg h/L (500 mg). The IV f% T > MIC90 was greater than PO f% T > MIC90 when MIC90 was within the range of 0.25-256 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mao Zhu
- Si Chuan Chuan Tou Medicine Biological Technology Co., LTD, Chengdu, 610023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Gou
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
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Kratzer A, Liebchen U, Schleibinger M, Kees MG, Kees F. Determination of free vancomycin, ceftriaxone, cefazolin and ertapenem in plasma by ultrafiltration: Impact of experimental conditions. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 961:97-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Troeltzsch M, Pache C, Probst FA, Troeltzsch M, Ehrenfeld M, Otto S. Antibiotic Concentrations in Saliva: A Systematic Review of the Literature, With Clinical Implications for the Treatment of Sialadenitis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 72:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.06.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Elghobashy MR, Bebawy LI, Abbas SS, Shokry RF. Stability-Indicating HPLC and RP-TLC Determination of Cefpirome Sulfate with Kinetic Study. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Dubala A, Nagarajan JSK, Vimal CS, George R. Simultaneous quantification of cefpodoxime proxetil and clavulanic acid in human plasma by LC-MS using solid phase extraction with application to pharmacokinetic studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 921-922:49-55. [PMID: 23434877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and selective high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of cefpodoxime proxetil (CDPX) and clavulanic acid (CA) in human plasma. Extraction of samples was done by solid phase extraction technique (SPE) and chloramphenicol used as internal standard. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a reverse phase Princeton SPHER C18 (150mm×4mm i.d., 5μm) column using mixture of methanol: acetonitrile: 2mM ammonium acetate (25:25:50, v/v, pH 3.5) at 0.8mL/min flow rate. Detection was performed on a single quadrupole MS by selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode via APCI source. The calibration curve was linear within the concentration range, 0.04-4.4μg/mL and 0.1-10.0μg/mL for CDPX and CA respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters of tablet (CDPX 200mg, CA 125mg) were evaluated. Cmax, Tmax, T1/2, elimination rate constant (Kel), AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ of tablet were 2.13±0.06μg/mL, 2h, 3.05±0.15h, 0.24±0.37h(-1), 6.81±0.14μg h/mL and 7.72±0.23μg h/mL respectively for cefpodoxime (CP), 5.34±0.28μg/mL, 2h, 2.73±0.25h, 0.26±0.31h(-1), 15.37±0.16μg h/mL and 16.59±0.53μg h/mL respectively for CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Dubala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamilnadu, India.
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Guo H, Liu R, Yang J, Yang B, Liang X, Chu C. A novel click lysine zwitterionic stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1223:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Simultaneous determination of cefdinir and cefixime in human plasma by RP-HPLC/UV detection method: Method development, optimization, validation, and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2423-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Simultaneous determination of 12 beta-lactam antibiotics in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection: application to therapeutic drug monitoring. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:4873-9. [PMID: 21788467 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00533-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and specific high-performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection (HPLC-UV) for the simultaneous determination of 12 beta-lactam antibiotics (amoxicillin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cloxacillin, imipenem, meropenem, oxacillin, penicillin G, piperacillin, and ticarcillin) in small samples of human plasma is described. Extraction consisted of protein precipitation by acetonitrile. An Atlantis T3 analytical column with a linear gradient of acetonitrile and a pH 2 phosphoric acid solution was used for separation. Wavelength photodiode array detection was set either at 210 nm, 230 nm, or 298 nm according to the compound. This method is accurate and reproducible (coefficient of variation [CV] < 8%), allowing quantification of beta-lactam plasma levels from 5 to 250 μg/ml without interference with other common drugs. This technique is easy to use in routine therapeutic drug monitoring of beta-lactam antibiotics.
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17
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Simultaneous Estimation of Ceftazidime and Ceftizoxime in Pharmaceutical Formulations by HPLC Method. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Bano S, Mohd A, Khan AAP, Siddiqi KS. Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Spectra, Nonlinear Scattering Spectra of Selected Cephalosporins-Cd(II) Chelate with Titan Yellow and Their Analytical Applications. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2010.497461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Nawaz M, Arayne MS, Sultana N. Simultaneous determination of cefpirome, cefaclor, ceftazidime, and cephradine in pharmaceutical formulations by reversed phase HPLC. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.23.2011.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Phattanawasin P, Sotanaphun U, Sriphong L, Kanchanaphibool I. Stability-indicating TLC-image analysis method for quantification of Ceftriaxone sodium in pharmaceutical dosage forms. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Dąbrowska M, Starek M, Pikulska S. Simultaneous identification and quantitative analysis of eight cephalosporins in pharmaceutical formulations by TLC-densitometry. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Analysis of cephalosporins by hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:623-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Karageorgou EG, Samanidou VF. Application of ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction to the HPLC confirmatory determination of cephalosporin residues in milk. J Sep Sci 2011; 33:2862-71. [PMID: 20715145 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) was applied to isolate eight cephalosporins (cefadroxil, cefaclor, cephalexin, cefotaxime, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefoperazone and ceftiofur) from milk. Multi-residue analysis was subsequently performed by HPLC-diode array detection. Extraction yield by matrix solid-phase dispersion using Nexus sorbent was higher than various investigated SPE protocols. Three analytical columns, two conventional silica based and one monolithic, were compared based on resolution, peak shape and retention time. The optimum method using Chromolith RP-18e (100×4.6 mm) achieved separation in less than 16 min. Method validation was performed according to the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC, determining linearity, selectivity, stability, decision limit, detection capability, accuracy and precision. RSD values observed were lower than 15.3%. Recovery rates of examined antimicrobials from milk ranged from 93.8 to 101.9% for cefadroxil, from 94.7 to 103.6% for cefaclor, from 93.4 to 106.6% for cephalexine, from 104.1 to 115.3% for cefotaxime, from 97.1 to 105.6% for cefazolin, from 97.4 to 108.6% for cefuroxime, from 98.8 to 103.4% for cefoperazone and from 95.5 to 103.6% for ceftiofur. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9926 to 0.9999. CC(b) values were in the range from 103.5 to 112.3 μg/kg for analytes with a maximum residue limit of 100 μg/kg and from 54.4 to 56.3 μg/kg for those with a maximum residue limit of 50 μg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftichia G Karageorgou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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24
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Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of intravenous cefotetan disodium for injection in healthy Chinese volunteers: A randomized, open-label, single- and multiple-dose study. Clin Ther 2010; 32:1832-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Choma IM, Kowalski C, Lodkowski R, Burmańczuk A, Komaniecka I. TLC-DB as an Alternative to the HPLC Method in the Determination of Cefacetril Residues in Cow's Milk. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802194815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. M. Choma
- a Department of Chromatographic Methods , M. Curie-Skłodowska University , Lublin, Poland
| | - C. Kowalski
- b Department of Pharmacology , Agricultural University , Lublin, Poland
| | - R. Lodkowski
- a Department of Chromatographic Methods , M. Curie-Skłodowska University , Lublin, Poland
| | - A. Burmańczuk
- b Department of Pharmacology , Agricultural University , Lublin, Poland
| | - I. Komaniecka
- c Department of General Microbiology , M. Curie-Skłodowska University , Lublin, Poland
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Fu S, Liu Z, Liu S, Liu J, Yi A. Study on the resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra of the interactions of palladium (II)–cephalosporins chelates with 4,5-dibromofluorescein and their analytical applications. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 599:271-8. [PMID: 17870290 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In pH 2.8-3.8 BR buffer medium, the third generation cephalosporin antibiotics (TGCs) such as ceftazidime (CZD), ceftriaxone (CTRX), cefoperazone (CPZ), and cefotaxime (CFTM) react with palladium(II) (Pd(II)) to form 1:2 yellowish-brown cationic chelates, which further react with 4,5-dibromofluorescein (DBF) to form 1:3 brown ion-association complexes. As a result, not only the spectra of absorption and fluorescence are changed, but also the resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) is enhanced greatly and the new RRS spectra are observed. The four TGCs products have similar spectral characteristics and their maximum RRS wavelengths are all located at 291 nm. The quantitative determination ranges and the detection limits of the four TGCs are 0.0065-1.0 microg mL(-1) and 2.0 ng mL(-1) for CZD, 0.0070-1.1 microg mL(-1) and 2.2 ng mL(-1) for CTRX, 0.0090-1.6 microg mL(-1) and 2.7 ng mL(-1) for CPZ, and 0.014-2.2 microg mL(-1) and 4.2 ng mL(-1) for CFTM, respectively. The optimum conditions of the reactions and the effects of foreign substances are investigated, and the composition of ion-association complexes is discussed also. Based on the ion-association reaction, a highly sensitive, simple and rapid method has been proposed to the determination of TGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Maria Choma
- a Department of Chromatographic Methods , University of M. Curie‐Skłodowska , Lublin, Poland
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El-Shaboury SR, Saleh GA, Mohamed FA, Rageh AH. Analysis of cephalosporin antibiotics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 45:1-19. [PMID: 17689910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review with 276 references for the analysis of members of an important class of drugs, cephalosporin antibiotics, is presented. The review covers most of the methods described for the analysis of these drugs in pure forms, in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa R El-Shaboury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Facutly of Pharmacy, Assiut Univeristy, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Facutly of Pharmacy, Assiut Univeristy, 71526 Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Fardous A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Facutly of Pharmacy, Assiut Univeristy, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Azza H Rageh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Facutly of Pharmacy, Assiut Univeristy, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
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Jia L, Zhou W, Xu Y. SEPARATION OF CEFACLOR AND δ-3-CEFACLOR BY MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120003031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jia
- a Modern Analysis Center, Department of Chemistry , Shantou University , Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- a Modern Analysis Center, Department of Chemistry , Shantou University , Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- a Modern Analysis Center, Department of Chemistry , Shantou University , Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
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30
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Bharathi C, Prasad CS, Bharathi DV, Shankar R, Rao VJ, Dandala R, Naidu A. Structural identification and characterization of impurities in ceftizoxime sodium. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:733-40. [PMID: 16950586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Revised: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 07/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ceftizoxime sodium is a parenteral beta-lactamic antibacterial drug. In the synthesis of ceftizoxime sodium, eight process related impurities were detected in HPLC analysis. Pure impurities obtained by both synthesis and preparative HPLC were co-injected with ceftizoxime sample to confirm the retention times in HPLC. The impurities were characterized as, (6R,7R)-7-amino-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (impurity I); (6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-cephem-1-oxo-4-carboxylic acid (impurity II); (4RS,6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino) acetamido]-3,4-dihydro-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (impurity III); (6R,7R)-7-[(E)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (impurity IV); (6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-cephem-N-(3-cephem-4-carboxy-7-yl)-4-carboxamide (impurity V); (6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-[[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino]thiazol-4-yl]-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (impurity VI); 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (impurity VII) and 2-mercapto benzothiazolyl [(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyimino] acetate (impurity VIII). Structural elucidation of all impurities by spectral data ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, MS and IR) has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Bharathi
- A.P.L. Research Centre, 313, Bachupally, Hyderabad 500072, India
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31
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Puig P, Borrull F, Calull M, Aguilar C. Strategies for Analyzing Cephalosporins by Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography. Chromatographia 2005. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-005-0685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Tattevin P, Tribut O, Arvieux C, Dupont M, Flicoteaux R, Desbordes L, Le Tulzo Y, Michelet C. Use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to monitor beta-lactam plasma concentrations during the treatment of endocarditis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005; 11:76-9. [PMID: 15649311 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.01030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Guidelines recommend high doses of beta-lactams for the therapy of endocarditis. This report describes a retrospective study of 15 endocarditis patients (median age 64 years), treated according to guidelines, whose beta-lactam trough plasma concentrations were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography because of tolerance or efficacy concerns. For amoxycillin, the mean level was 86.8 mg/L (range: 30-212 mg/L); five (45%) patients had concentrations > 1000 x MIC. For cloxacillin, the mean level was 47.9 mg/L (range: 16.7-104 mg/L). The consequences of high and unpredicted beta-lactam trough plasma concentrations for a prolonged period have not yet been thoroughly evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tattevin
- Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France.
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33
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Manna L, Valvo L. Development and Validation of a Fast Reversed-Phase Ion-Pairing Liquid Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Determination of Eight Cephalosporin Antibiotics in Pharmaceutical Formulations. Chromatographia 2004. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-004-0432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Samanidou VF, Ioannou AS, Papadoyannis IN. The use of a monolithic column to improve the simultaneous determination of four cephalosporin antibiotics in pharmaceuticals and body fluids by HPLC after solid phase extraction—a comparison with a conventional reversed-phase silica-based column. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 809:175-82. [PMID: 15282109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Revised: 06/14/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of a monolithic column (Chromolith, SpeedROD RP-18e, by Merck) was studied on the determination of cephalosporin antibiotics. Results were compared with those from a previously developed analytical method using conventional silica-based analytical column. A rapid, accurate and sensitive method has been developed and validated for the quantitative simultaneous determination of four cephalosporins: Cephalexine and Cephadroxil (first generation), Cefaclor (second generation) and Cefotaxim (third generation) in pharmaceuticals as well as in human blood serum and urine. Hydroflumethiazide (HFM) (3,4-dihydro-6(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide-1,1-dioxide) was used as an internal standard at a concentration of 1.5 ng/microL. A rectilinear relationship was observed up to 5 ng/microL for the four compounds. Analysis time was less than 4 min. The statistical evaluation of the method was examined by means of within-day repeatability (n=8) and day-to-day precision (n=8) and was found to be satisfactory with high accuracy and precision results. The method was applied to the determination of the cephalosporins in commercial pharmaceuticals and in biological fluids: human blood serum after solid phase extraction and urine simply after filtration and dilution. Recovery of analytes in spiked serum samples was in the range from 88.7 to 107.8%, while for urine samples recovery was from 98.0 to 105.6%. By comparing the figures of merit for the monolithic column and the silica-based one, regarding the determination of the four cephalosporins investigated in the present study, the outstanding efficiency of the monolithic column can be noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V F Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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35
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Bebawy LI, El Kelani K, Fattah LA. Fluorimetric determination of some antibiotics in raw material and dosage forms through ternary complex formation with terbium (Tb(3+)). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 32:1219-25. [PMID: 12907266 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and specific fluorimetric method was developed for the determination of cefazolin sodium I, cefoperazone sodium II, ceftriaxone sodium III, and cefixime IV. The proposed method involves the formation of ternary complex with Tb(3+) in the presence of Tris buffer. The quenching of the terbium fluorescence due to the complex formation was quantitative for the four studied drugs. The effect of pH, concentration of Tris buffer and terbium were studied. The formation of the complex was highly dependent on the pH. The optimum pH was found to be pH 8 for cefazolin sodium I, ceftriaxone sodium III, cefixime IV and pH 10 for cefoperazone sodium II. The optimum concentration for Tb(3+) was found 1 ml of 10(-4) M solution and for Tris buffer 1 ml of the prepared solution. Under the described conditions, the proposed method was applicable over the concentration range 8.79 x 10(-6)-7.91 x 10(-5), 9.7 x 10(-6)-4.49 x 10(-)5, 6.10 x 10(-6)-2.50 x 10(-5), and 4.92 x 10(-6)-2.95 x 10(-5) mol with mean percentage accuracy of 99.79+/-0.24, 98.97+/-1.25, 100.05+/-0.79, and 100.15+/-0.54 for I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of studied drugs in bulk powder and in pharmaceutical formulations. The results obtained by applying the described method were statistically analyzed and compared with those obtained by applying the official method. The proposed method was used as stability indicating method for the determination of the studied drugs in the presence of their degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lories I Bebawy
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
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36
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Samanidou VF, Hapeshi EA, Papadoyannis IN. Rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of four cephalosporin antibiotics in pharmaceuticals and body fluids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 788:147-58. [PMID: 12668080 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)01040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, accurate and sensitive method has been developed and validated for the quantitative simultaneous determination of four cephalosporins, cephalexin and cefadroxil (first-generation), cefaclor (second-generation) and cefataxim (third-generation), in pharmaceuticals as well as in human blood serum and urine. A Spherisorb ODS-2 250 x 4-mm, 5-microm analytical column was used with an eluting system consisting of a mixture of acetate buffer (pH 4.0)-CH(3)OH 78-22% (v/v) at a flow-rate 1.2 ml/min. Detection was performed with a variable wavelength UV-Vis detector at 265 nm resulting in limit of detection of 0.2 ng for cefadroxil and cephalexin, but only 0.1 ng for cefotaxime and cefaclor per 20-microl injection. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) (6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-7 sulfanyl-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1-1-dioxide) was used as internal standard at a concentration of 2 ng/microl. A rectilinear relationship was observed up to 8, 5, 12 and 35 ng/microl for cefadroxil, cefotaxime, cefaclor, cephalexin, respectively. Analysis time was less than 7 min. The statistical evaluation of the method was examined by means of within-day repeatability (n=8) and day-to-day precision (n=9) and was found to be satisfactory with high accuracy and precision. The method was applied to the determination of the cephalosporins in commercial pharmaceuticals and in biological fluids: human blood serum after solid-phase extraction and urine simply after filtration and dilution. Recovery of analytes in spiked samples was in the range from 76.3 to 112.0%, over the range of 1-8 ng/microl.
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Affiliation(s)
- V F Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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37
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Kargosha K, Khanmohammadi M, Sarokhani M, Ansari F, Ghadiri M. Application of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry to the determination of cephalosporin C in complex fermentation broths. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 31:571-7. [PMID: 12615246 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An analytical procedure has been developed for quantitative determination of cephalosporin C in complex fermentation broths. The method is based on the partial least-square treatment of data obtained by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometric method in the wavenumber range of 1227-1257 cm(-1). Absorbance spectra were employed for measurement using a set of eleven binary aqueous standard solutions of cep halosporin C and deacetoxycephalosporin C. The method is simple, rapid and accurate (to within +/-1.49%). The developed method has been used to measure cephalosporin C in aqueous solution of biosynthetic samples only after freeze drying the sample at -30 degrees C and dissolving it in distilled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kargosha
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, PO Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
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38
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Bafeltowska JJ, Buszman E, Mandat K, Hawranek J. Determination of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in cerebrospinal fluid by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 976:249-54. [PMID: 12462616 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed for the measurement of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in cerebrospinal fluid. Both compounds were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid samples using solid-phase extraction (SPE). LiChrolut RP-18 (200 mg; 3 ml) columns and a mixture of methanol-phosphate buffer pH 7 (1:1) were applied to elute cefotaxime and its desacetyl metabolite. The separation was performed on a LiChrospher 100RP-18 (5 microm; 250 x 4 mm I.D.) column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.01 M acetate buffer pH 4.8-methanol (85:15), flow-rate was 1.5 ml/min. Cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime were detected at a wavelength of 254 nm by UV-Vis detector. The range of concentrations for method calibration and for analytical studies was 1.56-100 microg/ml. The quantitation limit in cerebrospinal fluid was 0.39 microg/ml for cefotaxime and 0.78 microg/ml for desacetylcefotaxime. The extraction recovery from cerebrospinal fluid spiked with cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime was 90.4-100.1% and 97.4-102.9%, respectively. The RSDs were below 10.7% for cefotaxime and 6.8% for desacetylcefotaxime. The developed SPE-HPLC method was applied for cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime determination in cerebrospinal fluid of children with hydrocephalus after intraventricular administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta J Bafeltowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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39
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Morsch LM, Bittencourt CF, e Souza MJ, Milano J. LC method for the analysis of cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride in drug substance and powder for oral suspension. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 30:643-49. [PMID: 12367689 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography isocratic procedure was developed for the assay of cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride in drug substance and powder for oral suspension. The method validation yielded good results and included the range, linearity, precision intra- inter-day, accuracy, specificity, LOD and LOQ values. The chromatographic system consisted of a C(18) absorbosphere column (150 x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 microm particle size), a mobile phase composed of water-acetonitrile-methanol-phosphate buffer, pH 3.5 (50:35:10:5, v/v), flow rate of 1.5 ml min(-1) and UV detection at 254 nm. The relative standard deviation varied between 0.03 and 1.76%, and accuracy of 100.09% was found. Calibration curve was linear from 30.0-80.0 microg ml(-1); its correlation coefficient was 0.99989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisoni M Morsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Farmacêuticas, Rua Capitão Fernando Tatsch, 881 apto 01, RS/CEP 96810.040, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil.
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40
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Salem H, Saleh GA. Selective spectrophotometric determination of phenolic beta-lactam antibiotics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 28:1205-13. [PMID: 12049985 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two simple and selective spectrophotometric methods were developed for the quantitative determination of cefoperazone sodium, cefadroxil monohydrate, cefprozil anhydrous and amoxicillin trihydrate in pure forms as well as in their pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the selective oxidation of these drugs with either Ce (IV) or Fe (III) in acid medium to give an intense yellow coloured product (lambda(max)=397 nm). The reaction conditions were studied and optimized. Beer's plots were obeyed in a general concentration range of 5-30 microg ml(-1) with correlation coefficients not less than 0.9979 for the four drugs with the two reagents. The methods are successfully applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations containing amoxicillin, either alone or in combination with potassium clavulanate, flucloxacillin or dicloxacillin. They were also applied to the analysis of the other three studied drugs in vials, capsules, tablets and suspensions with good recovery; percent ranged from 99.7 (+/-0.46) to 100.32 (+/-1.05) in the Ce (IV) method and 99.6 (+/-0.50) to 100.3 (+/-1.32) in the Fe (III) method. Interferences from other antibiotics and additives products were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Salem
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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41
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Bhushan R, Thiong'o GT. Separation of cephalosporins on thin silica gel layers impregnated with transition metal ions and by reversed-phase TLC. Biomed Chromatogr 2002; 16:165-74. [PMID: 11920940 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cephalosporin antibiotics were separated on thin layer plates impregnated with transition metal ions, Mn(2+), Fe(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+) and Cu(2+), using different concentrations. Various solvent systems were developed for the study and were used for separation of these analytes. Impregnation was observed to have an effect on hR(F) values, removed tailing of analytes and improved the resolution. The results have been discussed for each metal ion and compared, and the best conditions of separation have been identified. Activation time of thin layer plates impregnated with 0.1% FeSO(4) was found to affect both hR(F) values and resolution of cephalosporins. New solvent systems are reported for both normal phase and reversed-phase TLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Roorkee, Roorkee - 247 667, India
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Huang X, Ren P, Wen AD, Wang LL, Zhang L, Gao F. Pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese syndrome and recipe: a hypothesis and its verification (I). World J Gastroenterol 2000; 6:384-391. [PMID: 11819604 PMCID: PMC4688758 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v6.i3.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2000] [Revised: 01/13/2000] [Accepted: 01/22/2000] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM:To propose a hypothesis defining the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of traditional Chinese recipe (TCR)component in blood of healthy subjects and patients, and estimate its correctness.METHODS:The pharmacokinetics (PK) of same dose of drug was studied in the animal model of traditional Chinese syndrome (S)and healthy animals. The classification, termi-nology, concept and significance of the hypothesis were set forth with evidence provided in the present study. The hypotheses consisted of traditional Chinese syndrome PK (S-PK) and traditional Chinese recipe PK (R-PK). Firstly, the observed tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) PK in healthy, chronically reserpinized rats (rat model of spleen deficiency syndrome, RMSDS) and RMSDS treated with Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) for confirmation were used to verify S-PK; secondly, the ferulic acid (FA) PK in healthy and high molecular weight dextran (HMWD)-induced rabbit model with blood stasis syndrome (RDBSS) was also used to verify S-PK; and lastly, TMP PK parameters in serum of healthy rats after orally taken Ligusticum wallichii (LW), LW and Salvia miltiorrhiza (LW&SM) decoctions were compared to verify R-PK.RESULTS:The apparent first-order absorption Ka,(13.61 plus minus 2.56)h(-1) ,area under the blood drug concentration-time curve AUC, (24.88 plus minus 9.76)&mgr;gcenter doth(-1)mL(-1) , maximum drug concentration C(max), (4.82 plus minus 1.23)&mgr;gcenter dotmL(-1) of serum TMP in RMSDS were increased markedly(P< 0.05) compared with those Ka = (5.41 plus minus1.91)h(-1), AUC = (5.20 plus minus 2.57)&mgr;gcenter doth(-1)center dotmL(-1), C(max) = (2.33 plus minus 1.77)&mgr;gcenter dotmL(-1) of healthy rats (HR). The apparent first-order rate constant for alpha and beta distribution phase alpha = (0.38 plus minus 0.09)h(-1), beta = (0.06 plus minus 0.03)h(-1) , the apparent first-order intercompartmental transfer rate constants K10 = (0.24 plus minus 0.07)h(-1), K(12) = (0.11 plus minus 0.02)h(-1), K(21) = (0.11 plus minus 0.02)h(-1) of serum TMP in RMSDS were decreased significantly (P <0.01) compared with those K(10) = (0.88 plus minus 0.20)h(-1), K(12) = (1.45 plus minus 0.47)h(-1), K(21) = (0.72 plus minus 0.22)h(-1) of HR. However, no apparent differences occurred between HR and RMSDS treated with SJZD. The serum FA concentration and its AUC (5.6690 plus minus 2.3541)&mgr;gcenter doth(-1)center dotmL(-1) in RMBSS were also higher than those AUC =(2.7566 plus minus0.8232)&mgr;gcenter doth(-1)center dotmL(-1) of healthy rabbits (P <0.05). The Ka (11.51 plus minus 2.82)h(-1), AUC (0.84 plus minus0.17)&mgr;gcenter doth(-1)center dotmL(-1) of LW & SM-derived TMP in serum were much lower (P <0.05) than those Ka = (19.58 plus minus 4.14)h(-1),AUC = (1.27 plus minus 0.26)&mgr;gcenter doth(-1)center dotmL(-1) of LW-derived TMP in serum after oral decoctions.CONCLUSION:The SDS and blood stasis syndrome state could affect significantly the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs and the abnormal SDS pharmacokinetic parameters could be normalized by SJZD. The combination of Chinese medicine in TCR could reciprocally affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of other components absorbed into the systemic circulation. These results support the S and R-PK hypothesis.
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Lin CE, Chen HW, Lin EC, Lin KS, Huang HC. Optimization of separation and migration behavior of cephalosporins in capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2000; 879:197-210. [PMID: 10893036 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The influences of buffer pH, buffer concentration and buffer electrolyte on the migration behavior and separation of 12 cephalosporin antibiotics in capillary zone electrophoresis using three different types of buffer electrolyte, including phosphate, citrate, and 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonate (MES), were investigated. The results indicate that, although buffer pH is a crucial parameter, buffer concentration also plays an important role in the separation of cephalosporins, particularly when cefuroxime and cefazolin, cephalexin and cefaclor, or cefotaxime and cephapirin are present as analytes at the same time. The electrophoretic mobility of cephalosporins and electroosmotic mobility measured in citrate and MES buffers are remarkably different from those measured in phosphate buffer. With citrate buffer, optimum buffer concentration is confined to a small range (35-40 mM), whereas buffer concentrations up to 300 mM can be used with MES buffer. Complete separations of 12 cephalosporins could be satisfactorily achieved with these three buffers under various optimum conditions. However, the separability of 12 cephalosporins with citrate or MES buffer is better than that with phosphate buffer. As a consequence of a greater electrophoretic mobility of cephalosporins than the electroosmotic mobility with citrate buffer at pH below about 5, some cephalosporins are not detectable. The cloudiness of the peak identification and of the magnitudes of the electrophoretic mobility of cefotaxime and cefuroxime reported previously are clarified. In addition, the pKa values of cephradine, cephalexin, cefaclor, and cephapirin attributed to the deprotonation of either an amino group or a pyridinium group are reported, and the migration behavior of these cephalosporins in the pH range studied is quantitatively described.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Ohio 44115, USA
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Fujitomo H, Nagaoka T, Nishino I, Umeda T. Determination of a new oral cephalosporin, S-1090, in human plasma and urine by direct injection high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and column switching. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1999; 728:125-31. [PMID: 10379664 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Direct injection high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods with column switching and UV detection were developed for the rapid and accurate determination of S-1090 in human plasma and urine. An internal-surface reversed-phase pre-column and a C18 analytical column were used for the plasma assay. Two pre-columns packed with cyano and phenyl materials and a C18 analytical column were used for the urine assay. The calibration curves for plasma and urine assays were linear in the ranges 0.09-9 microg/ml and 0.5-100 microg/ml of S-1090, respectively. The relative standard deviations for plasma and urine assays were less than 6% with low relative errors. The established HPLC methods were demonstrated to be useful for clinical pharmacokinetic studies after oral administration of S-1090.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fujitomo
- Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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