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Scheel GL, Teixeira Tarley CR. Simultaneous microextraction of carbendazim, fipronil and picoxystrobin in naturally and artificial occurring water bodies by water-induced supramolecular solvent and determination by HPLC-DAD. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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2
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Zhou Q, Wu W, Huang Y. Analysis of benzoylurea insecticides in water samples with TiO2nanotube array micro-solid phase extraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08399g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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3
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Study on the residue and degradation of fluorine-containing pesticides in Oolong tea by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Grahovac ZM, Mitić SS, Pecev ET, Pavlović AN. Determination of the insecticide diflubenzuron in mushrooms by kinetic method and high-performance liquid chromatographic method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2010; 45:783-789. [PMID: 20954045 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2010.515175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a new sensitive and simple kinetic-spectrophotometric method for the determination of the insecticide diflubenzuron [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-diflubenzoil)urea] is proposed. The method is based on the inhibited effect of diflubenzuron on the oxidation of sulphanilic acid (SA) by hydrogen peroxide in phosphate buffer in presence Cu(II) ion. Diflubenzuron was determined with linear calibration graph in the interval from 0.31 to 3.1 μg mL⁻¹ and from 3.1 to 31.0 μg mL⁻¹. The optimized conditions yielded a theoretical detection limit of 0.18 μg mL⁻¹ corresponding to 0.036 mg kg(-1)mushroom sample based on the 3S(b) criterion. The RSD is 5.03-1.83 % and 2.81-0.71 % for the concentration interval of diflubenzuron 0.31-3.1 μg mL⁻¹ and 3.1-31.0 μg mL⁻¹, respectively. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically at 370 nm. The kinetic parameters of the reaction are reported, and the rate equations are suggested. The developed procedure was successfully applied to the rapid determination of diflubenzuron in spiked mushroom samples of different mushroom species. The HPLC method was used like a comparative method to verify results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Grahovac
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Nis, Serbia
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6
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Titanium dioxide nanotubes for solid phase extraction of benzoylurea insecticides in environmental water samples, and determination by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Smalling KL, Kuivila KM. Multi-residue method for the analysis of 85 current-use and legacy pesticides in bed and suspended sediments. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1210:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Ahire KC, Arora MS, Mukherjee SN. Development and application of a method for analysis of lufenuron in wheat flour by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and confirmation of bio-efficacy against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 861:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Barranco Martínez D, Martínez Galera M, Parrilla Vázquez P, Gil García MD. Simple and Rapid Determination of Benzoylphenylurea Pesticides in River Water and Vegetables by LC–ESI-MS. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yang X, Xia Y, Tao C, Liao Y, Zuo Y, Liu H. A comparative study of micellar and microemulsion EKC for the analysis of benzoylurea insecticides and their analogs. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1744-51. [PMID: 17450534 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An investigation of the basic factors which govern the microemulsion EKC (MEEKC) and MEKC for the separation of four benzoylurea (BU) insecticides and their four analogs was carried out. In MEEKC, the separation of eight BU compounds was optimized by changing the microemulsion composition, such as concentration of SDS, octane, n-butanol, and isopropanol percentages, as well as capillary temperature. Separation optimization was also carried out for MEKC, showing that ACN and a high level of another additive gamma-CD were needed to achieve effective separation of these analytes. Although separation with baseline resolution was achieved by either MEEKC or MEKC methods, the separation selectivity resulting from the proposed MEEKC method was completely different from that of MEKC. In addition, analytical time in MEEKC was longer than that in MEKC, but in view of theoretical plate numbers, detection limits, and reproducibility, both methods were effective for the analysis of BU insecticides and their analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
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11
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Shuling S, Xiaodong M, Chongjiu L. Multi-residue determination method of pesticides in leek by gel permeation chromatography and solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detector. Food Control 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Shuling S, Xiaodong M, Chongjiu L. Rapid Multiresidue Determination Method for 100 Pesticides in Vegetables by One Injection Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry with Selective Ion Storage Technology. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600952689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Gil García MD, Martínez Galera M, Santiago Valverde R. New method for the photo-chemiluminometric determination of benzoylurea insecticides based on acetonitrile chemiluminescence. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:1973-81. [PMID: 17205265 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The viability of tandem photochemical reaction-chemiluminescence detection has been studied for the determination of five benzoylurea insecticides, namely, diflubenzuron, triflumuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron and flufenoxuron. The 'on-line' photochemical reaction of benzoylurea pesticides provides an enhanced chemiluminescence response of the pesticides during their oxidation by potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) and sodium hydroxide, whose signal increases with the percentage of acetonitrile in the reaction medium. The determination was performed using a photoreactor consisting of a PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) tube reactor coil (5 mx1.6-mm O.D. and 0.8-mm I.D.) and an 8-W xenon lamp. As the yield of the photoderivatization process and the chemiluminescent signals depend on the percentage of acetonitrile, the chromatographic column (a Gemini C18, Phenomenex 150 mmx4.6 mm, 5-microm particle size) was chosen with the aim of using high percentages of this organic solvent in the mobile phase. Previous studies showed that the rate of the chemiluminescent reaction was very fast. Therefore, a modification was carried out in the detector in order to mix the analytes and reactants as near as possible to the measure cell. The optimised method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, limits of detection and quantification accuracy. Under the optimised conditions, linear working range extends three orders of magnitude with the relative standard deviation of intra-day precision below 10% and detection limits between 0.012 and 0.18 microg mL-1, according to the compound. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of benzoylureas in cucumber with good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Gil García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Almeria, 04061, Almeria, Spain
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14
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Talebpour Z, Bijanzadeh HR. A selective 19F NMR spectroscopic method for determination of insecticide diflubenzuron in different media. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Merkulova NL, Shapovalova EN, Shpigun OA. Features of the separation of pesticides of different classes by reversed-phase high-performance chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934806040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Multiresidue analysis of pesticides in olive oil by gel permeation chromatography followed by gas chromatography–tandem mass-spectrometric determination. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Gil García MD, Martínez Galera M, Barranco Martínez D, Gisbert Gallego J. Determination of benzoylureas in ground water samples by fully automated on-line pre-concentration and liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1103:271-7. [PMID: 16337641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2004] [Revised: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An on-line pre-concentration method for the analysis of five benzoylureas (diflubenzuron, triflumuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron and flufenoxuron) in ground water samples was evaluated using two C(18) columns, and fluorescence detection after photochemical induced fluorescence (PIF) post-column derivatization. The trace enrichment was carried out with 35 mL of ground water modified with 15 mL of MeOH on a 50 mm x 4.6 mm I.D. first enrichment column (C-1) packed with 5 microm Hypersil Elite C(18). Retention properties of pesticides and humic acids usually contained in ground water were studied on C-1 at concentration levels ranging between 0.04 and 14.00 microg/L in water samples. The results obtained in this study show that the pesticides are pre-concentrated in the first short column while the humic acids contained in the ground water samples are eluted to waste. Pesticides recoveries ranged between 92.3 and 109.5%. The methodology proposed was used to determine benzoylureas in ground water samples at levels lower than 0.1 microg/L (maximum levels established by the European Union).
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Gil García
- Department of Hydrogeology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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García MDG, Martínez DB, Galera MM, Vázquez PP. Coupled-column liquid chromatography method with photochemically induced derivatization for the direct determination of benzoylureas in vegetables. J Sep Sci 2004; 27:1173-80. [PMID: 15537073 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200301661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The coupled-column (LC-LC) system, consisting of a first column packed with internal surface reversed phase (ISRP) (50 x 4.6mm ID) and a Chrompack C18 (100 x 4.6 mm ID) as second column, allowed the simultaneous determination of five benzoylurea insecticides in dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) extracts of vegetable samples without any clean-up step. This system was combined with a photochemically induced fluorescence (PIF) post-column derivatization in order to provide strongly fluorescent photoproducts from the non-fluorescent benzoylureas. Limits of detection ranged from 0.21 to 0.98 microg L(-1) of pesticide (equivalent to 0.14-0.65 microg kg(-1) in vegetable samples) and limits of determination ranged from 4.0 to 10.0 microg L(-1) (equivalent to 2.7-6.7 microg kg(-1)). Linearity of the method was established between 2 and 1800 microg L(-1), depending upon the compound. Validation of the total method was performed by randomly analyzing recoveries of four vegetable samples (aubergine, cucumber, green bean, and tomato) spiked at two levels of concentration (10.0 and 33.3 microg kg(-1)). The combination of the LC-LC system with PIF detection provides a sensitive, selective, and rapid method for the determination of pesticides in vegetable samples at levels lower than the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established for these compounds by Spanish legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Gil García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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19
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Moraes SL, Rezende MOO, Nakagawa LE, Luchini LC. Multiresidue screening methods for the determination of pesticides in tomatoes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2003; 38:605-615. [PMID: 12929719 DOI: 10.1081/pfc-120023518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of applying thin layer chromatography (TLC) detection for the analysis of pesticide residues in tomatoes was investigated. Samples of tomatoes that have never been treated with pesticide were fortified with atrazine, carbaryl, carbofuran, chloroxuron, diuron, dimethoate, imazalil, oxamyl and methamidophos. The samples were extracted, cleaned-up by gel permeation chromatography and then applied on silica gel plates. The pesticides were eluted with ethyl acetate and dichloromethane. Two eluting solvent systems were tested, one using the reagents o-toluidine + potassium iodite (o-TKI) and the other p- nitrobenzene fluoroborate (NBFB). After the development of the plates, the diameter of the spots was measured. The lowest minimum detection quantity (MDQ) for o-TKI system for atrazine was 12 ng. The highest was 125 ng for carbofuran. Using NBFB system, the lowest MDQ was 60 ng for carbaryl and the highest was 70 ng obtained for carbofuran. Considering the concentration of these pesticides in the spiked tomato samples, the minimum concentration was 1.1 ng/microL and 32.3 ng/microL for atrazine and carbofuran, respectively, by using o-TKI system. For NBFB system the minimum concentration reached was 3.5 ng/microL and 4.3 ng/microL for carbaryl and carbofuran, respectively. This study showed that TLC can be used for semi-quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Leite Moraes
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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21
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Martínez-Galera M, López-López T, Gil-García MD, Martínez-Vidal JL, Parrilla Vázquez P. Determination of benzoylureas in tomato by high-performance liquid chromatography using continuous on-line post-elution photoirradiation with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2001; 918:79-85. [PMID: 11403458 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A photochemically induced fluorescence post-column method, with HPLC separation and fluorescence detection, was developed for the determination of five naturally non-fluorescent benzoylurea insecticides: diflubenzuron, triflumuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron and flufenoxuron. The applicability of the method to the determination of insecticides in spiked tomato was evaluated. Samples were extracted into ethyl acetate and further cleaned-up by solid-phase extraction using an aminopropyl-bonded silica cartridge. The interferences due to the matrix effect were eliminated using matrix matched standards. Linear dynamic ranges were established over more than two orders of magnitude. The limits of detection ranged from 5 to 21 ng ml(-1) (or 0.5 and 2.1 microg kg(-1) in the vegetable samples), with relative standard deviations lower than 5.0%, using blank tomato extract. Mean recoveries ranged from 79 to 102%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martínez-Galera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, Spain
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22
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Hogenboom AC, Hofman MP, Kok SJ, Niessen WM, Brinkman UA. Determination of pesticides in vegetables using large-volume injection column liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2000; 892:379-90. [PMID: 11045499 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Direct injection of a large volume (900 microl) of a sample extract onto a liquid chromatographic (LC) column, LC separation and electrospray tandem mass spectrometric detection were used for the quantitative analysis of a wide polarity range of pesticides in carrots and potatoes. Rapid sample preparation involved extraction of a small amount of sample (2 g) with a small volume of organic solvent (3 ml), clean-up over a filter and dilution of the organic extract with the aqueous LC eluent. The extraction efficiency for the selected pesticides was studied using methanol, acetone and acetonitrile as solvents. Evaluation of the performance of the overall method, using extraction with acetonitrile and detection in the selected-reaction-monitoring mode, showed excellent linearity in the range of 2-100 microg/kg with limits of detection of 0.5-2 microg/kg for both types of vegetable. With relative standard deviations of the MS peak area measurements of less than 6.5% (n=8) the repeatability of the method was fully satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Hogenboom
- Vrije Universiteit, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Carabias-Martínez R, Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, Paniagua-Marcos PH, Hernández-Méndez J. Analysis of pesticide residues in matrices with high lipid contents by membrane separation coupled on-line to a high-performance liquid chromatography system. J Chromatogr A 2000; 869:427-39. [PMID: 10720256 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Separation through membranes coupled to an HPLC system was used as a technique for the analysis of pesticide multiresidues in samples with high lipid contents. As well as the usual procedure, in the proposed system it is possible to recirculate the sample through the membrane cell, which permits the extraction system to be applied to cases in which only a very small volume of sample is available. A procedure for pesticide multiresidue analysis in egg samples was developed as a representative example of the applicability of the proposed method. To accomplish this, the analytes (dichlorvos, dimethoate, propoxur, paraoxon, pirimicarb, atrazine, ametryne, terbutryne, azinphos-methyl, folpet) were subjected to prior extraction in a Soxhlet system, after which the extract was introduced into the membrane separation device coupled to the HPLC system. This procedure afforded clean chromatograms, hence considerably facilitating determination, and at the same time was efficient in removing macromolecular compounds. For egg samples, spiked at a concentration level of 0.750 mg/kg, recoveries ranged from 60 to 98%. The detection limits varied from 0.018 mg/kg for dichlorvos to 0.002 mg/kg for atrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Carabias-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain.
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