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Goncharova EN, Statkus MA, Tsizin GI, Zolotov YA. Porous Graphitized Carbon for the Separation and Preconcentration of Hydrophilic Substances. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Čelić M, Insa S, Škrbić B, Petrović M. Development of a sensitive and robust online dual column liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of natural and synthetic estrogens and their conjugates in river water and wastewater. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5427-5440. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tsizin GI, Statkus MA, Zolotov YA. Adsorption and extraction preconcentration of trace components in flow analytical systems. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815110167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rapid narrow band elution for on-line SPE using a novel solvent plug injection technique. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:433-45. [PMID: 22669308 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Determination of trace constituents in biological and environmental samples usually requires a pre-concentration step. While solid-phase extraction (SPE) has been widely used, it is slow, labor intensive and adversely affected by analytical errors from handling. On-line SPE eliminates some of the flaws but often suffers from solvent compatibility problems with the subsequent chromatography separation. In this study, we are presenting a technical solution for overcoming some of these compatibility issues, by utilizing a fully automated, focused SPE sample transfer technique utilizing narrow-band solvent plugs, for seamless hyphenation with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or flow injection mass spectrometry (MS). A wide range of pharmaceutical compounds was studied in different sample matrices. Short plugs of high elution strength solvent were generated by means of an electrically actuated sample loop and enrichment and transfer steps monitored using on-line SPE-MS. The impact of the solvent plugs on chromatographic separation was studied using hyphenated SPE-LC-MS. By carefully examining elution profiles of solvent plugs of different compositions, optimum conditions for quantitative elution within well-defined volumes were found for all substances. In addition, the highly focused elution bands resulted in excellent retention time and peak area reproducibilities when injected on-line onto HPLC columns. Finally, to demonstrate proof-of-principle, the fully integrated on-line SPE-LC-MS system was applied to the analysis of spiked urine and river water samples.
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Garcia-Ac A, Segura PA, Viglino L, Fürtös A, Gagnon C, Prévost M, Sauvé S. On-line solid-phase extraction of large-volume injections coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the quantitation and confirmation of 14 selected trace organic contaminants in drinking and surface water. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8518-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Soriano JM, Jiménez B, Moltó JC, Font G. BEHAVIOUR OF GRAPHITIZED CARBON BLACK IN THE EXTRACTION OF POLAR NON-IONIC NITROGEN-CONTAINING PESTICIDES. A CHECKING OF HYPOTHESES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Soriano
- a Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 , Spain
| | - B. Jiménez
- a Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 , Spain
| | - J. C. Moltó
- a Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 , Spain
| | - G. Font
- a Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 , Spain
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Oliferova LA, Statkus MA, Tsisin GI, Wang J, Zolotov YA. On-line coupling of sorption preconcentration to liquid-chromatographic methods of analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934806050029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Morrica P, Fidente P, Seccia S. Liquid chromatographic determination of nineN-methylcarbamates in drinking water. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 19:107-10. [PMID: 15470700 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A multi-residue method for the simultaneous extraction from drinking water using solid-phase extraction on LiChrolut EN [poly(styrene-divinylbenzene), PSDVB] and determination of nine N-methylcarbamate pesticides (NMCs) (aldicarb, its metabolites i.e. aldicarb sulfone and aldicarb sulfoxide and carbaryl, carbofuran, dioxacarb, ethiofencarb, methomyl and propoxur) using reversed-phase liquid chromatography was studied. A 1000-fold pre-concentration was achieved and the method was used for determination of the nine pesticides in water, with limits of detection in the range 3-15 ng L(-1). For all compounds the recoveries determined at the 0.1 and 1 microg L(-1) level generally ranged from 85 to 104% with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.4-8.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Morrica
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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Fidente P, Di Giovanni C, Seccia S, Morrica P. Determination of cymoxanil in drinking water and soil using high-performance liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 19:766-70. [PMID: 15915539 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method for determination of cymoxanil, 1-2-cyano-2-methoxy(iminoacetyl)-3-ethylurea, in drinking water and in soil, using reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection at 240 nm and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (30:70, v/v). Fortified water samples (1.0 L) were extracted with solid-phase extraction on Strata X. Soil samples (20 g) were extracted with acetone and the extracts were transferred onto Strata C18E. The recoveries of cymoxanil from water and soil samples were over 85% for each fortification level. The RDS were within the range 1.7-4.1% for water and 0.9-1.2% for soil samples. After optimization of the extraction and separation conditions, the method was validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fidente
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Fontanals N, Galià M, Marcé RM, Borrull F. Solid-phase extraction of polar compounds with a hydrophilic copolymeric sorbent. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1030:63-8. [PMID: 15043254 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new synthesized copolymer based on N-vinylimidazole-divinylbenzene (VIm-DVB) was tested as a sorbent for the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of polar analytes. In the on-line SPE, this synthesized sorbent enabled 100 ml of sample to be preconcentrated with recoveries as high as 80% for oxamyl, phenol (Ph) and derivates, bentazone and (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA). For the off-line SPE, 1000 ml of sample was extracted and recoveries were higher than 92% for all compounds with the exception of oxamyl (83%) and methomyl (78%). The VIm-DVB sorbent gives better recoveries than the previously synthesized 4-vinylpyridine-divinylbenzene (VP-DVB) resin and similar to such highly crosslinked commercial sorbents as LiChrolut EN or Oasis HLB. Real water samples were used to validate the on-line SPE method. Linearity was good and detection limits were between 0.1 and 0.2 microg l(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Fontanals
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Plaça Imperial Tàrraco 1, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
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Comparison of the performance of analytical methods based on solid-phase extraction and on solid-phase microextraction for the determination of antifouling booster biocides in natural waters. Chromatographia 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02492478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cheng C, Wu SC. Analysis of the enzymatic racemization of D-aspartic acid to L-aspartic acid by the on-line coupling of a solid-phase extraction column and a ligand-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography column. J Chromatogr A 2000; 896:299-310. [PMID: 11093665 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
D-Aspartic acid can be enzymatically biotransformed with D-amino acid oxidase and aminotransferase to L-aspartic acid. The reaction was surveyed at three temperatures and a period of 3 days, however, L-aspartic acid can be produced only at the reaction temperature 90 degrees C. However, the separation of D-aspartic acid and L-aspartic acid by ligand-exchange chromatography showed matrix interference. Therefore, the column-switching technique by coupling a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column to the analytical ligand-exchange HPLC column was used to eliminate the matrix effect. The pretreatment of reaction samples with the SPE column was considered as a combination of size-exclusion chromatography and ion-pair chromatography. The ion-pair reagent was 0.005 M sodium 1-octanesulfonate aqueous solution adjusted to pH 2.2. Part of the first eluted peak from the SPE column was then switched through the ligand-exchange column and analyzed with a 0.25 mM Cu2+ aqueous mobile phase of pH 3.6. The quantitative analysis of D- and L-aspartic acids was performed by the standard addition method. Overall, the separation and analysis of D- and L-aspartic acids in the enzymic solution was convenient, fast, and successful with the developed on-line LC-LC column-coupling and column-switching system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The objective of this review is to provide updated information about the most important features of graphitized carbonaceous sorbents used for solid-phase extraction (SPE) of organic compounds from liquid natural matrices or extracts. The surface characteristics of graphitized carbon blacks and porous graphitic carbons are described which are responsible for the various types interactions (hydrophobic, electronic and ion-exchange) with analytes. The method development is given which is based on the prediction from liquid chromatographic retention data obtained using porous graphitic carbon. Emphasis is placed on their capability for trapping very polar and water-soluble analytes from aqueous samples. Comparison is made between carbon-based SPE sorbents and other reversed-phase materials such as octadecyl silicas and highly cross-linked copolymers. Especially, the difficulty encountered for the desorption of some strongly retained analytes is explained by LC data and solutions are given for optimizing the composition and volume of the desorption solution. Many examples illustrate the various common features of graphitized carbons which are the extraction of very polar analytes and multiresidue extractions. Some applications are specific to graphitized carbon black due to the presence of surface functional groups. They include the extraction of anionic compounds such as benzene and naphthalene sulfonates or acidic pesticides. Other applications are specific to porous graphitic carbon due to its flat and homogeneous surface. One example is the trace extraction of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from other PCB congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hennion
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique (CNRS 657), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie de Paris, France.
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Hennion MC. Solid-phase extraction: method development, sorbents, and coupling with liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1999; 856:3-54. [PMID: 10526783 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 659] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to provide updated information about the most important features of the new solid-phase extraction (SPE) materials, their interaction mode and their potential for modern SPE. First, the recent developments are given in formats, phases, automation, high throughput purpose and set-up of new types of procedures. Emphasis is then placed on the large choice of sorbents for trapping analytes over a wide range of polarities, such as highly cross-linked copolymers, functionalized copolymers, graphitized carbons or some specific n-alkylsilicas. The method development is given which is based on prediction from liquid chromatographic retention data or solvation parameters in order to determine the main parameters of any sequence (type and amount of sorbent, sample volume which can be applied without loss of recovery, composition and volume of the clean-up solution, composition and volume of the desorption solution). Obtaining extracts free from matrix interferences in a few steps--one step when possible--is now included in the development of SPE procedure. New selective phases such as mixed-mode and restricted access matrix sorbents or emerging phases such as immunosorbents or molecularly imprinted polymers are reviewed. Selectivity obtained by combining two sorbents is described with the use of ion-exchange or ion-pair sorbents. Special attention is given to complete automation of the SPE sequence with its on-line coupling with liquid chromatography followed by various detection modes. This represents a fast, modern and reliable approach to trace analysis. Many examples illustrate the various features of modern SPE which are discussed in this review. They have been selected in both biological and environmental areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hennion
- Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie de Paris, France.
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