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Separation of phenyl acetic acid and 6-aminopenicillanic acid applying aqueous two-phase systems based on copolymers and salts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3489. [PMID: 33568710 PMCID: PMC7875977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
6-Aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) is used for synthesis of semisynthetic antibiotics. Polymer-salt aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) were applied for separation of 6-APA and phenyl acetic acid (PAA), as the products of hydrolyzation reaction of Penicillin G/Penicillin V. The binodal curves of ATPS composed of a copolymer (reverse Pluronic 10R5, Pluronic L35 and PEG-ran-PPG) and a salt (Tri-sodium citrate, tri-potassium citrate, di-potassium phosphate, sodium sulphate and magnesium sulphate) were obtained. The results show that, at a fixed PPG/PEG ratio, block copolymers have larger two-phase region compared with random copolymer. After screening on the partition coefficient of PAA and 6-APA separately, Na2SO4 was selected for studying the effect of the copolymer structure and the composition of salt and copolymer on partitioning, considering higher selectivity of PAA and 6-APA. 10R5-Na2SO4 ATPS was selected as the most appropriate system for separation of 6-APA and PAA. This system was used for separation of mixture of 6-APA and PAA. The results show that selectivity was \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\approx$$\end{document}≈ 53 and smaller in a system, containing a mixture of 6-APA and PAA. This observation can be justified by the interaction between 6-APA and PAA. Molecular interaction between these two molecules were investigated by the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter.
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Xue K, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Qiu B, Tan QSW, Ong KH, Liu Z, Parikh BH, Barathi VA, Yu W, Wang X, Lingam G, Hunziker W, Su X, Loh XJ. Sustained delivery of anti-VEGFs from thermogel depots inhibits angiogenesis without the need for multiple injections. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4603-4614. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane thermogels show sustained delivery of bioactive anti-VEGFs therapeutics to the eye.
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Han J, Wang Y, Chen T, Hu X, Gu L, Tang X, Wang L, Ni L. Heat-induced coacervation for purification of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide based on amphiphilic polymer–protein complex formation. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat-induced coacervation of triblock copolymer solution was described, and its application in the purification of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) was investigated. The formation of coacervate micelles–protein complex combined with the incompatibility between coacervate micelles and polysaccharide made it an ideal system for the separation of protein and LBP. This separation process was governed by a series of parameters including polymer concentration, amount of crude LBP solution, and pH. In the primary coacervation extraction process, LBP was preferentially distributed to dilute phase with a high recovery ratio of 82%, whereas 87% of protein was partitioned to the coacervate phase. The coacervate micelles–protein interaction and the interphase potential was regulated by temperature and electrolytes, respectively, which contributed to the recovery and recycling of the polymer. After phase separation, LBP was precipitated with the addition of ethanol. The FTIR spectrum was used to identify LBP. In addition, the antioxidant activity of LBP was measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Tong Chen
- Zhenjiang Entry-Exit Inspection Quarantine Bureau, State Key Laboratory of Food Additive and Condiment Testing, 84 Dongwu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Lei Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Xu Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Liang Ni
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
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Han J, Tang X, Wang Y, Li J, Ni L, Wang L. A Simple Two-Step Cloud Point Extraction Process for Removing Fluorescent Whitening Agents VBL in Industrial Wastewater and Recycling of Surfactant. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2017; 89:281-287. [PMID: 28236822 DOI: 10.2175/106143017x14839994522461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the enhancement of people's environmental consciousness, the treatment of wastewater was studied as the focus of this paper. Here we present a simple two-step extraction to realize efficient separation of fluorescent whitening agents VBL and cyclic utilization of surfactant to reduce the cost of wastewater treatment and environmental pollution. Firstly, the removal of VBL has been achieved by CPE using TX-114 as nonionic surfactant. The results showed that complete extraction was possible using 1% (w/w) TX-114 for VBL concentration not exceeding 17.5 mg/L, otherwise using a higher concentration of 1.5% (w/w) TX-114. Then the surfactant from the coacervate phase was recycled by changing the potential difference between phases. The morphology of micelles and solubilization mechanism of VBL were demonstrated through the observation of a fluorescent microscope. This method was successfully used to remove the VBL from wastewater sample and the surfactant could be reused several times.
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Wang Y, Hu X, Han J, Ni L, Tang X, Hu Y, Chen T. Integrated method of thermosensitive triblock copolymer–salt aqueous two phase extraction and dialysis membrane separation for purification of lycium barbarum polysaccharide. Food Chem 2016; 194:257-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mazzeu CJ, Ramos EZ, da Silva Cavalcanti MH, Hirata DB, Virtuoso LS. Partitioning of Geotrichum candidum Lipase from fermentative crude extract by aqueous two-phase system of polyethylene glycol and sodium citrate. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Milosevic M, Staal KJ, Bargeman G, Schuur B, de Haan AB. Fractionation of aqueous sodium salts by liquid–liquid extraction in aqueous two phase systems. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Singh R, Tønnesen HH, Kristensen S, Berg K. The influence of Pluronics® on dark cytotoxicity, photocytotoxicity, localization and uptake of curcumin in cancer cells: studies of curcumin and curcuminoids XLIX. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 12:559-75. [PMID: 23108412 DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25249j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to apply curcumin as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) one needs a formulation that can solubilize and stabilize the compound. Pluronics® (Pluronic) are reported to both solubilize and stabilize curcumin against hydrolytic degradation. The aim of the present work was therefore to investigate the influence of Pluronic formulation on the photocytotoxicity of curcumin. Interactions between curcumin and Pluronics were investigated by fluorescence emission and absorption spectroscopy. Cell survival was measured with the MTT assay. The location of curcumin in the cells was investigated with fluorescence microscopy, and the cellular uptake was measured with fluorescence emission spectroscopy. Pluronics P123 and F127 in contrast to Pluronic P85 and PEG 400 may solubilize curcumin under non-cytotoxic conditions. An inverse relationship between the concentration of Pluronic and the photocytotoxicity of curcumin was observed. Curcumin could rapidly translocate across the cell membrane by passive diffusion. The fluorescence from curcumin in the cells (in the cytoplasm) after 1 hour of incubation was lowered by the presence of Pluronics in the formulation. However, the absolute amount of cell-bound curcumin after 1 hour of incubation was independent of the presence of Pluronics. Curcumin was bound more strongly to cells when incubated with formulations without Pluronics compared to cells incubated with curcumin formulations with Pluronics. Incubation of WiDr cells with curcumin for 6 hours resulted in lysosomal accumulation of curcumin independent of the presence of Pluronics. Lysosomally located curcumin could not be observed in HT1080 cells after 6 hours of incubation. The Pluronics P123 and F127 were found to be suitable for solubilizing and stabilizing curcumin, but inhibited photocytotoxic effects of curcumin unless the Pluronic concentration during treatment of the cells was less than 5-10× above the critical micellar concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Dembczyński R, Białas W, Jankowski T. Partitioning of lysozyme in aqueous two-phase systems containing ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer and potassium phosphates. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jia L, Guo C, Xiang J, Wang N, Yang L, Tang Y, Liu H. Interaction between PEO-PPO-PEO copolymers and a hexapeptide in aqueous solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:1725-1732. [PMID: 22185212 DOI: 10.1021/la203693c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between PEO-PPO-PEO copolymers and a hexapeptide, growth hormone releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6), was investigated by NMR to study the potential use of the copolymers in peptide drug delivery. (1)H NMR and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) measurements determined that PO methyl protons interacted with methyl protons of the Ala moiety, aromatic protons of the Trp moiety, and some of the Phe aromatic protons. The Lys moiety and part of the Phe moiety entered the hydrophilic EO environment via hydrogen bonding. PEO-PPO-PEO copolymers and the peptide formed a complex in 1:1 stoichiometry. Binding constants between copolymers and GHRP-6 were determined, and it was indicated that the copolymers containing more EO and PO units will lead to greater affinity with the peptide. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements confirmed the results of NMR experiments. This study indicates that PEO-PPO-PEO copolymers have great potential in delivering peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianwei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Yu P, Huang K, Zhang C, Xie K, He X, Zhao J, Deng F, Liu H. Block copolymer micellization induced microphase mass transfer: Partition of Pd(II), Pt(IV) and Rh(III) in three-liquid-phase systems of S201–EOPO–Na2SO4–H2O. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 362:228-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Dembczynski R, Bialas W, Jankowski T. Recycling of phase components during lysozyme extraction from hen egg white in the EO50PO50/K2HPO4 aqueous two-phase system. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jia L, Guo C, Yang L, Xiang J, Tang Y, Liu C, Liu H. Mechanism of PEO–PPO–PEO micellization in aqueous solutions studied by two-dimensional correlation FTIR spectroscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 345:332-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yaguchi T, Lee S, Choi WS, Kim D, Kim T, Mitchell RJ, Takayama S. Micropatterning bacterial suspensions using aqueous two phase systems. Analyst 2010; 135:2848-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00464b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mageste AB, de Lemos LR, Ferreira GMD, da Silva MDCH, da Silva LHM, Bonomo RCF, Minim LA. Aqueous two-phase systems: An efficient, environmentally safe and economically viable method for purification of natural dye carmine. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7623-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Rodrigues GD, da Silva MDCH, da Silva LHM, Paggioli FJ, Minim LA, Reis Coimbra JSD. Liquid–liquid extraction of metal ions without use of organic solvent. Sep Purif Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2008.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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da Silva LHM, da Silva MDCH, Júnior JA, Martins JP, Reis Coimbra JSD, Minim LA. Hydrophobic effect on the partitioning of [Fe(CN)5(NO)]2− and [Fe(CN)6]3− anions in aqueous two-phase systems formed by triblock copolymers and phosphate salts. Sep Purif Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2007.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Phase equilibrium and protein partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems containing ammonium carbamate and block copolymers PEO–PPO–PEO. Biochem Eng J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhu JH, Yan XL, Chen HJ, Wang ZH. In situ extraction of intracellular l-asparaginase using thermoseparating aqueous two-phase systems. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1147:127-34. [PMID: 17328902 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility and generic applicability of directly integrating conventional discrete operations of cell disruption by high pressure homogenizer and the product capture by aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) system have been demonstrated for the extraction of intracellular L-asparaginase from E. coli. In a side-by-side comparison with the conventional ATPE process, including cell disruption, centrifugal clarification and following ATPE, purification of L-asparaginase via this novel in situ ATPE process yielded a product of L-asparaginase with a higher specific activity of 94.8 U/(mg protein) and a higher yield of 73.3%, both of which in the conventional ATPE process were 78.6 U/(mg protein) and 52.1%, respectively. In the purification of L-asparaginase (pI=4.9), product-debris interactions commonly diminish its recovery. It was demonstrated that immediate extraction of L-asparaginase in ATPE systems when it is released at pH 5.0 during cell disruption effectively increased its recovery in the top phase due to the reduced interaction between L-asparaginase and cell debris and the reduced degradation by contaminated protease. In addition, no clarification step and/or disruptate storage are required in this in situ ATPE, which reduced the number of unit operations and thus shortened the overall process time. This novel process has a good potential for the separation of other intracellular biological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Ecology and Bio-Resource Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China.
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Förster S, Konrad M. From self-organizing polymers to nano- and biomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b307512p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kabanov AV, Batrakova EV, Alakhov VY. Pluronic block copolymers as novel polymer therapeutics for drug and gene delivery. J Control Release 2002; 82:189-212. [PMID: 12175737 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1002] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pluronic block copolymers are found to be an efficient drug delivery system with multiple effects. The incorporation of drugs into the core of the micelles formed by Pluronic results in increased solubility, metabolic stability and circulation time for the drug. The interactions of the Pluronic unimers with multidrug-resistant cancer cells result in sensitization of these cells with respect to various anticancer agents. Furthermore, the single molecular chains of copolymer, unimers, inhibit drug efflux transporters in both the blood-brain barrier and in the small intestine, which provides for the enhanced transport of select drugs to the brain and increases oral bioavailability. These and other applications of Pluronic block copolymers in various drug delivery and gene delivery systems are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Kabanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA.
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Kuboi R, Morita S, Ota H, Umakoshi H. Protein refolding using stimuli-responsive polymer-modified aqueous two-phase systems. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 743:215-23. [PMID: 10942288 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The function of a stimuli-responsive polymer was studied for the utilization of protein unfolding and refolding in protein separation using aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS). Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) bound to a thermo-reactive hydrophobic head (poly(propylene oxide)-phenyl group (PPO-Ph group)) was used as the functional ligand to modify the PEG phase of the aqueous two-phase systems. Firstly, refolding of carbonic anhydrase from bovine (CAB) was examined in the presence of PPO-Ph-PEG at various temperatures. The refolding yield of CAB was strongly enhanced and aggregate formation was suppressed by addition of PPO-Ph-PEG at a specific temperature (50-55 degrees C). The change in the local hydrophobicity of CAB and PPO-Ph-PEG was characterized using the aqueous two-phase partitioning method and a hydrophobic fluorescent probe. The local hydrophobicity of CAB was maximized at 60 degrees C. The local hydrophobicity of PPO-Ph-PEO was also found to be increased above 45 degrees C. A simple model for CAB refolding, which includes (i) PPO-Ph-PEG complex formation and CAB in the intermediate state and (ii) refolding and release of native CAB from the PPO-Ph-PEG surface, is suggested based on the evaluated surface hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kuboi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan.
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