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Burdette CQ, Marcus RK. Solid phase extraction of proteins from buffer solutions employing capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers as the stationary phase. Analyst 2014; 138:1098-106. [PMID: 23223274 DOI: 10.1039/c2an36126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers are applied for solid phase extraction (SPE) of proteins from aqueous buffer solutions using a micropipette tip-based format. A process was developed in which centrifugation is used as the moving force for solution passage in the loading/washing steps instead of the previously employed manual aspiration. The complete procedure requires ~15 minutes, with the number of samples run in parallel limited only by the capacity of the centrifuge. The method performance was evaluated based on adsorption and elution characteristics of several proteins (cytochrome c, lysozyme, myoglobin, and glucose oxidase) from 150 mM phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions. Protein concentration ranges of ~2 to 100 μg mL(-1) were employed and the recovery characteristics determined through UV-Vis absorbance spectrophotometry for protein quantification. The protein loading capacities across the range of proteins was ~1.5 μg for the 5 mg fiber tips. Average recoveries from PBS were determined for each protein sample; cytochrome c ~86%, lysozyme ~80%, myoglobin ~86%, and glucose oxidase ~89%. Recoveries from more complex matrices, synthetic urine and synthetic saliva, were determined to be ~90%. A 10× dilution study for a fixed 1 μg protein application yielded 94 ± 3.2% recoveries. The C-CP tips provided significantly higher recoveries for myoglobin in a 150 mM PBS matrix in comparison to a commercially available protein SPE product, with the added advantages of low cost, rapid processing, and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Q Burdette
- Biosystems Research Complex, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Shiu YJ, Su C, Yeh YL, Liang KK, Hayashi M, Mo Y, Yan Y, Lin SH. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Protein Folding-Unfolding. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200400172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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3
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Jain A, Gazzola G, Panzera A, Zanoni M, Marsili E. Visible spectroelectrochemical characterization of Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms on optically transparent indium tin oxide electrode. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Gaither KA, Tarasevich BJ, Goheen SC. Modification of polyurethane to reduce occlusion of enteral feeding tubes. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 91:135-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cameron PJ, Jenkins ATA, Knoll W, Marken F, Milsom EV, Williams TL. Optical waveguide spectroscopy study of the transport and binding of cytochrome c in mesoporous titanium dioxide electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b805733h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Jiménez HR, Ruiz de Sola E, Moratal JM, Arbona M. Protein Unfolding:1H-NMR Studies of Paramagnetic Ferricytochrome c-550 from Horse Heart. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200570009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Xi F, Wu J, Jia Z, Lin X. Preparation and characterization of trypsin immobilized on silica gel supported macroporous chitosan bead. Process Biochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2004.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stutz H, Wallner M, Malissa H, Bordin G, Rodriguez AR. Detection of coexisting protein conformations in capillary zone electrophoresis subsequent to transient contact with sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:1089-105. [PMID: 15719362 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Non-native conformations of proteins were generated by temporary contact with aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and separated from the native state with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in alkaline borate buffer deficient of SDS. Nine proteins at concentrations of 2.0 or 3.0 mg.L(-1) were compared in terms of their susceptibility to SDS. For superoxide dismutase and ferritin the tendency of unfolding was modest with < 25% of the protein being transformed to the non-native state at 10 mmol.L(-1) SDS. Highest susceptibility was observed for albumin, myoglobin (Mb), and hemoglobin with > 75% in the non-native state even at 2.0 mmol.L(-1) SDS. The influence of varying SDS concentrations on the conformational state of Mb was tested. Increasing the SDS concentration, circular dichroism revealed a reduction in alpha-helix, an increase in random coil, and an introduction of beta-sheet, which is absent in native structure. Modifications in the secondary structure were in agreement with distinct changes in the shape of the non-native Mb peak in CZE and make a gradual unfolding/refolding process with several coexisting molten globules instead of two-state transition of conformations most plausible for Mb. CZE was found to contribute to a further understanding of holo-Mb transformation towards a population of non-native conformations (i) by means of calculated peak area ratios of native to non-native states, which showed sigmoid transition, (ii) by detecting the release of the prosthetic heme group, and (iii) by changes in the effective electrophoretic mobility of the Mb-SDS peaks. Reconstituted holo-Mb forms differed in the Soret band around 410 nm, indicating diversity in the conformation of the heme pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanno Stutz
- University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry, Hellbrunner Str. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Hasegawa T, Umemura T, Koide A, Chiba K, Ueki Y, Tsunoda KI, Haraguchi H. Evaluation of an ODS Column Modified with Zwitterionic/Nonionic Mixed Surfactants and Its Application to Direct Injection Determination of Inorganic Anions. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:913-6. [PMID: 16122160 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An octadecylsilica (ODS) column modified with zwitterionic/nonionic mixed surfactants was evaluated for the direct injection determination of inorganic anions in biological fluids by ion chromatography. A zwitterionic surfactant (sulfobetaine-type) and a nonionic surfactant (polyoxyethylene-type) were used for a stationary-phase modification. When aqueous electrolyte solutions with concentrations of sub-mM to several mM were used as a mobile phase, the zwitterionic surfactant coated on the ODS surface exhibited unique separation selectivity for ionic species, while the nonionic surfactant coated on the ODS might have formed a hydrophilic network over the ODS surface and restricted matrix proteins from adsorbing on the stationary phase. Consequently, the mixed surfactant-modified column system allowed an efficient ion chromatographic separation of inorganic anions as well as a size-exclusive removal of column-fouling proteins. This separation system was applied to the direct injection determination of UV-absorbing anions in human saliva. The detection limits for nitrite, nitrate, iodide and thiocyanate were 3.1, 2.7, 4.5 and 25 microM, respectively, with UV detection at 210 nm (injection volume; 20 microl), and their relative standard deviations for 5 replicate measurements of saliva samples spiked with 100 microM each of those anions were 1.4, 0.9, 2.2 and 5.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Cheng YY, Chang HC, Hoops G, Su MC. Stabilization of Yeast Cytochrome c Covalently Immobilized on Fused Silica Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:10828-9. [PMID: 15339152 DOI: 10.1021/ja048321o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The surface-enhanced conformational stability of yeast cytochrome c (YCC) covalently immobilized on a fused silica prism with heterobifunctional cross-linkers has been studied by attenuated total reflection absorption spectroscopy using the Soret band of the heme prosthetic group as a probe. Comparison of the results to those of horse cytochrome c physisorbed on the same substrate as well as to the corresponding proteins in solution indicates that the surface plays a significant role in stabilizing the native conformation of the surface-bound YCC. Unfolding to extended configurations was so hindered that the native conformation of the covalently immobilized protein is essentially unaffected by the presence of denaturants such as methanol and 1-propanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-116, Taipei, Taiwan 106, R.O.C
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Cheng YY, Lin SH, Chang HC, Su MC. Probing Adsorption, Orientation and Conformational Changes of Cytochrome c on Fused Silica Surfaces with the Soret Band. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0305178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-Y. Cheng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-116, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China
| | - S. H. Lin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-116, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China
| | - H.-C. Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-116, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China
| | - M.-C. Su
- Department of Chemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208-3485
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Szabelski P, Liu X, Guiochon G. Pressure-induced effects in the heterogeneous adsorption of insulin on chromatographic surfaces. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1015:43-52. [PMID: 14570318 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of increasing the average column pressure (ACP) on the heterogeneous adsorption of insulin variants on a C18-bonded silica was studied in isocratic reversed-phase HPLC. Adsorption isotherm data of lispro and porcine insulin obtained for values of the ACP ranging from 57 to 237 bar were fitted to the Langmuir-Freundlich and the Tóth equation. The resulting isotherm parameters, including the equilibrium adsorption constant and the heterogeneity index, were next used for the calculation of distribution functions characterizing the energy of interactions between the adsorbed insulin molecules and the stationary phase. It was observed that increasing the pressure by 180 bar causes a broadening of the distribution functions and a shift of the position of their maximum toward lower interaction energies. These findings suggest that, under high pressures, the insulin molecules interact with the stationary phase in a more diversified way than under low pressures. Additionally, the most probable value of the energy of the insulin-surface interactions becomes lower when the ACP increases. The pressure-induced changes in the interaction of insulin variants with the hydrophobic surface are attributed to a possible conformational flexibility of the molecular structure of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Szabelski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, pl. M.-C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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Gong J, Yao P, Duan H, Jiang M, Gu S, Chunyu L. Structural transformation of cytochrome c and apo cytochrome c induced by sulfonated polystyrene. Biomacromolecules 2003; 4:1293-300. [PMID: 12959597 DOI: 10.1021/bm034090m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structural transformation of cytochrome c (cyt c) and its heme-free precursor, apo cyt c, induced by negatively charged sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) with different charge density (degree of sulfonation) and chain length was studied to understand the factors that influence the folding and unfolding of the protein. SPS forms stable transparent nanoparticles in aqueous solution. The hydrophobic association of the backbone chain and phenyl groups is balanced by the electrostatic repulsion of the sulfonate groups on the particle surface. The binding of cyt c to negatively charged SPS particles causes an extensive disruption of the native compact structure of cyt c: the cleavage of Fe-Met80 ligand, about 40% loss of the helical structure, and the disruption of the asymmetry environment of Trp59. On the other hand, SPS particle-bound apo cyt c undergoes a conformational change from the random coil to alpha-helical structure. The folding of apo cyt c in SPS particles was influenced by pH and ionic strength of the solution, SPS concentration, and the degree of sulfonation and chain length of SPS. The folding can reach more than 90% of the alpha-helix content of native cyt c in solution. Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), which is 100% sulfonated polystyrene and cannot form hydrophobic cores in the solution, induces only two-thirds of the alpha-helix content compared with SPS. It appears that the electrostatic interaction between PSS/SPS and apo cyt c induces an early partially folded state of apo cyt c. The hydrophobic interaction between nonpolar residues in apo cyt c and the hydrophobic cores in SPS particles extends the alpha-helical structure of apo cyt c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gong
- Department of Macromolecular Science and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Szabelski P, Cavazzini A, Kaczmarski K, Liu X, Van Horn J, Guiochon G. Experimental studies of pressure/temperature dependence of protein adsorption equilibrium in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 950:41-53. [PMID: 11991006 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the average pressure and temperature of the column on the adsorption equilibrium of insulin variants on a C8 bonded silica was studied in isocratic reversed-phase HPLC. Analytical injections of samples of four different insulins (bovine, porcine. Lys-Pro and human recombinant) were carried out at constant flow-rate but under increased average pressure. The temperature dependence of the retention parameters over the range 25-50 degrees C was studied under two different average column pressures (47 and 147 bar). Substantial increases of the retention time (up to 300%) were observed when the pressure and/or the temperature were increased. Similar adsorption-induced changes in the partial molar volume at constant temperature (deltaVm approximately 102 ml/mol) were found for all the variants studied. Furthermore, deltaVm was revealed to be practically independent of the temperature, which suggests that the temperature has no or very little influence on the mechanism of the pressure induced perturbations in the molecular structure of the solute. This conclusion was also derived from the observed temperature dependence of the logarithm of the retention factor (k) measured under different pressures. The relation between the temperature and In k was nonlinear with a parabolic shape. Moreover, the shapes of the plots corresponding to the low and high pressures were found to be exactly the same, except that the curves were vertically shifted, due to the difference between the two average column pressures. These results indicate that pressure and temperature affect the retention behavior of insulins in a different and separate way.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Szabelski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-1600, USA
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Goheen SC, Gibbins BM. Protein losses in ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2000; 890:73-80. [PMID: 10976796 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein losses in ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction HPLC were examined. The supports were all non-porous, packed in columns of identical dimensions. Two ion-exchange chromatography (IEC), anion and cation, as well as a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) columns were tested. Proteins included cytochrome c, bovine serum albumin (BSA), immunoglobulin G and fibrinogen. Temperature effects on HIC supports were studied for cytochrome c and BSA. Both retention times and recoveries of the proteins were measured. The influence of column residence time on the recovery of proteins was also investigated. We found a linear relationship between the amount of protein recovered and the log of the molecular mass. Retention times also generally increased with temperature for both HIC and IEC. Other trends in retention behavior and recoveries are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Goheen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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