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Wang Y, Zhang S, Breitbach ZS, Petersen H, Ellegaard P, Armstrong DW. Enantioseparation of citalopram analogues with sulfated β-cyclodextrin by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:841-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Hans Petersen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Chemical Process Research; Valby Denmark
| | | | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
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2
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Ahmad H, Gupta V, Dwivedi AP, Katti SB, Dwivedi AK. Chiral Separation of Ormeloxifene Hydrochloride, a Non-steroidal Contraceptive Agent. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 54:125-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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3
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Genotyping of intron 22 inversion of factor VIII gene for diagnosis of hemophilia A by inverse-shifting polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5447-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Glatz Z. Application of short-end injection procedure in CE. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:631-42. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science and CEITEC; Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
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Micke GA, Costa ACO, Heller M, Barcellos M, Piovezan M, Caon T, de Oliveira MAL. Development of a fast capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of propranolol—Total analysis time reduction strategies. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7957-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Opekar F, Coufal P, Štulík K. Rapid Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Along Short Separation Pathways and Its Use in Some Hyphenated Systems: A Critical Review. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4487-99. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900018r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- František Opekar
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Coufal
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Štulík
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Hongjun E, Yang Y, Su P, Zhang W. Preparation of stationary phases for open tubular capillary electrochromatography on the basis of sulfated β-cyclodextrin intercalated in layered double hydroxides. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934809040133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Shpigun OA, Ananieva IA, Budanova NY, Shapovalova EN. Use of cyclodextrins for separation of enantiomers. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2003v072n12abeh000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Nemec T, Glatz Z. Integration of short-end injection mode into electrophoretically mediated microanalysis. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1155:206-13. [PMID: 17292907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of integration of the short-end injection mode in the EMMA methodology is demonstrated in this work on the kinetic studies of haloalkane dehalogenase and rhodanese enzymatic reactions. The essential validations of the EMMA methods combined with the short-end and long-end injection modes were performed first to confirm their accuracy. The qualitative and quantitative parameters of both approaches such as repeatabilities of migration times and peak areas, limits of detection and correlation coefficients were in acceptable ranges. In addition, estimated Michaelis constants for the corresponding substrate(s) were comparable being in accordance with previous literature data. Moreover, the ping-pong reaction mechanism of rhodanese reaction was confirmed by means of both injection modes. This combination thus preserves the benefits of these instrumental approaches. Whereas the short-end injection procedure brought 5-6.5 times reduction of the analysis time and 2.5-4 times increase of the sensitivity, the EMMA methodology allowed full automatization of the assays while the whole kinetic studies needed only 20 microl of corresponding enzyme preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Nemec
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Goetzinger WK, Cai H. Buffer system for the separation of neutral and charged small molecules using micellar electrokinetic chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1079:372-81. [PMID: 16038325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An organic buffer system will be discussed that is suitable for the separation of neutral as well as charged molecules be means of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). The buffers are based on the combination of a long chain alkyl acid, such as lauric acid with ammonium hydroxide or an organic base such as tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane (Tris). The resulting buffer system is able to separate neutral compounds based on its micellar properties. These buffers exhibit much reduced conductivity compared to traditional MEKC buffers, such as sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), which contain inorganic salts. They also have inherent buffer capacity at high pH resulting from the basic buffer component, which in our studies had pK values from about 8-11. The separations that were observed showed high efficiency with plate counts in many cases above 500,000 plates per meter. The reduced conductivity allowed for the application of much higher electric fields, resulting in very fast analysis times. Alternatively, an increase in detection sensitivity could be achieved, as the reduced conductivity allowed for the use of capillaries with lager internal diameters. Combinations of different alkyl acids and organic bases provided for significant flexibility in selectivity tuning. Finally, the fact that the organic micellar buffer systems discussed here do not contain inorganic ions, allows for coupling with mass spectrometric (MS) detection. The possibility of MS detection combined with the high speed in analysis that can be obtained using these organic buffer systems, could make this approach an interesting option for high throughput analysis of combinatorial libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang K Goetzinger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, ArQule, Inc., 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, MA 01801, USA.
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11
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Andersen S, Halvorsen TG, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Rasmussen KE, Tanum L, Refsum H. Stereospecific determination of citalopram and desmethylcitalopram by capillary electrophoresis and liquid-phase microextraction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 33:263-73. [PMID: 12972091 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A chiral capillary electrophoresis (CE) system allowing simultaneous enantiomer determination of citalopram (CIT) and its pharmacologically active metabolite desmethylcitalopram (DCIT) was developed. Excellent chiral separation was obtained using 1% sulfated-beta-cyclodextrin (S-beta-CD) as chiral selector in combination with 12% ACN in 25 mM phosphate pH 2.5. Samples were prepared by liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) based on a rodlike porous polypropylene hollow fibre. CIT and DCIT were extracted from 1 ml plasma made alkaline with NaOH, into dodecyl acetate impregnated in the pores of a hollow fibre, and into 20 mM phosphate pH 2.75, inside the hollow fibre. The acceptor solution was directly compatible with the CE system. Efficient sample clean-up was seen, and the recoveries were 46 and 29% for the enantiomers of CIT and DCIT, respectively, corresponding to 31 and 19 times enrichment. The limit of quantification (S/N=10) was <11.2 ng/ml, intra-day precision was <12.8% RSD, and inter-day precision was <14.5% RSD, for all enantiomers. The validated method was successfully applied to simultaneous determination of enantiomer concentrations of CIT and DCIT in plasma samples from nine patients treated with racemic citalopram. The results confirm LPME-CE as a suitable and promising tool for enantiomeric determination of chiral drugs and metabolites in biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Andersen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Brachet A, Rudaz S, Mateus L, Christen P, Veuthey JL. Optimisation of accelerated solvent extraction of cocaine and benzoylecgonine from coca leaves. J Sep Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20011101)24:10/11<865::aid-jssc865>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Amini A. Recent developments in chiral capillary electrophoresis and applications of this technique to pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:3107-30. [PMID: 11589272 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200109)22:15<3107::aid-elps3107>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the current status of chiral capillary electrophoresis (CE). The emphasis is placed on the application of CE in chiral separation of various racemic compounds. During the last two years about 280 papers, several review articles, and two entire issues, edited by S. Fanali (Electrophoresis 1999, 20, 2577-2798, and H. Nishi and S. Terabe (J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 879, 1-471.) have been devoted to chiral CE. Enantiomeric separations of various compounds, e.g., pharmaceuticals, drug candidates, drugs and related metabolites in biological fluids, amino acids, di- and tri peptides, pesticides and fungicides, have been performed using different chiral selectors. Native and derivatized cyclodextrins continue to be the most widely used chiral selectors. Other chiral selectors such as natural and synthetic chiral micelles, crown ethers, chiral ligands, proteins, oligo- and polysaccharides, and macrocyclic antibiotics have also been applied to chiral CE separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amini
- Medical Product Agency, Division of Biotechnology, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Zarbl E, Lämmerhofer M, Franco P, Petracs M, Lindner W. Development of stereoselective nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis system for the resolution of cationic and amphoteric analytes. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:3297-307. [PMID: 11589294 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200109)22:15<3297::aid-elps3297>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective ion-pair nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) method employing the partial filling technique with N-derivatized amino acids, e.g., (R)- and (S)-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-leucine (DNB-Leu), as chiral selector for the separation of "pseudoenantiomeric" cinchona alkaloid derivatives and other structurally related basic compounds like the enantiomers of mefloquine is presented. Originating from NACE with cinchona alkaloid derivatives as chiral counterions, this method was developed by application of the reciprocity principle of chiral recognition, which was proven to be valid for stereoselective ion-pair capillary electrophoresis (CE). A variety of basic and amphoteric selectands (SAs) could be well resolved. Thereby, the separation was primarily based on stereoselective ion-pair formation of corresponding SA stereoisomers and mobility differences of free and complexed (ion-paired) SAs. Additionally, in the case of diastereomeric SAs, naturally existing mobility differences between the diastereomers played also a role, but was shown by control experiments with racemic DNB-Leu and without selector (SO) to be of minor contribution to overall separation selectivity. Due to its simplicity, speed, and good reproducibility, the established method can be utilized for fast screening of cationic as well as amphoteric chiral compounds, and therefore is a valuable tool in the development of new chiral selectors and chiral stationary phases. Small sample amounts of the SO (4-5 mg) and only analytical amounts of SAs are needed, and about 20-50 compounds per day can be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zarbl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
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16
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Barták P, Bednár P, Friedecký D, Haviger A, Sevcík J. Fast analysis of antibacterial isothiazolones by capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 758:323-5. [PMID: 11486844 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Some technical aspects influencing the total time of CE analysis are discussed. A high throughput electrophoretic system based on micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) is demonstrated as an example. A short capillary, strong electric field, alkaline buffer (pH 9.5) generating strong electroosmotic flow, and parallel hydrodynamic pressure allow the separation of two uncharged isothiazolone derivatives within 45 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barták
- Centre of Bioanalytical Research, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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