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Buren M, Jian Y, Zhao Y, Chang L, Liu Q. Effects of surface charge and boundary slip on time-periodic pressure-driven flow and electrokinetic energy conversion in a nanotube. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:1628-1635. [PMID: 31467824 PMCID: PMC6693372 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Time-periodic pressure-driven slip flow and electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency in a nanotube are studied analytically. The slip length depends on the surface charge density. Electric potential, velocity and streaming electric field are obtained analytically under the Debye-Hückel approximation. The electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency is computed using these results. The effects of surface charge-dependent slip and electroviscous effect on velocity and electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency are discussed. The main results show that the velocity amplitude and the electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency of the surface charge-dependent slip flow are reduced compared with those of the surface charge-independent slip flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandula Buren
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Yongjun Jian
- School of Mathematical Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yingchun Zhao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Long Chang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Hohhot, China
| | - Quansheng Liu
- School of Mathematical Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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2
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Zhao W, Liu X, Yang F, Wang K, Bai J, Qiao R, Wang G. Study of Oscillating Electroosmotic Flows with High Temporal and Spatial Resolution. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1652-1659. [PMID: 29256244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Near-wall velocity of oscillating electroosmotic flow (OEOF) driven by an AC electric field has been investigated using a laser-induced fluorescence photobleaching anemometer (LIFPA). For the first time, an up to 3 kHz velocity response of OEOF has been successfully measured experimentally, even though the oscillating velocity is as low as 600 nm/s. It is found that the oscillating velocity decays with the forcing frequency ff as ff-0.66. In the investigated range of electric field intensity (EA), below 1 kHz, the linear relation between oscillating velocity and EA is also observed. Because the oscillating velocity at high frequency is very small, the contribution of noise to velocity measurement is significant, and it is discussed in this manuscript. The investigation reveals the instantaneous response of OEOF to the temporal change of electric fields, which exists in almost all AC electrokinetic flows. Furthermore, the experimental observations are important for designing OEOF-based micro/nanofluidics systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-technology, International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials and Application, Northwest University , 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaige Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-technology, International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials and Application, Northwest University , 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Bai
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-technology, International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials and Application, Northwest University , 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Guiren Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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3
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Combined viscoelectric and steric effects on the electroosmotic flow in a microchannel under induced high zeta potentials. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Rojas G, Arcos J, Peralta M, Méndez F, Bautista O. Pulsatile electroosmotic flow in a microcapillary with the slip boundary condition. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Alternating current electroosmotic flow in polyelectrolyte-grafted nanochannel. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 147:234-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Salari A, Navi M, Dalton C. A novel alternating current multiple array electrothermal micropump for lab-on-a-chip applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:014113. [PMID: 25713695 PMCID: PMC4320149 DOI: 10.1063/1.4907673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The AC electrothermal technique is very promising for biofluid micropumping, due to its ability to pump high conductivity fluids. However, compared to electroosmotic micropumps, a lack of high fluid flow is a disadvantage. In this paper, a novel AC multiple array electrothermal (MAET) micropump, utilizing multiple microelectrode arrays placed on the side-walls of the fluidic channel of the micropump, is introduced. Asymmetric coplanar microelectrodes are placed on all sides of the microfluidic channel, and are actuated in different phases: one, two opposing, two adjacent, three, or all sides at the same time. Micropumps with different combinations of side electrodes and cross sections are numerically investigated in this paper. The effect of the governing parameters with respect to thermal, fluidic, and electrical properties are studied and discussed. To verify the simulations, the AC MAET concept was then fabricated and experimentally tested. The resulted fluid flow achieved by the experiments showed good agreement with the corresponding simulations. The number of side electrode arrays and the actuation patterns were also found to greatly influence the micropump performance. This study shows that the new multiple array electrothermal micropump design can be used in a wide range of applications such as drug delivery and lab-on-a-chip, where high flow rate and high precision micropumping devices for high conductivity fluids are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - M Navi
- Semnan University , Semnan, Iran
| | - C Dalton
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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7
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Goswami P, Chakraborty S. Mass Flow Rate Control in a Cylindrical Capillary by an AC Electric Field at High Zeta Potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1260/1759-3093.5.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Das S, Guha A, Mitra SK. Exploring new scaling regimes for streaming potential and electroviscous effects in a nanocapillary with overlapping electric double layers. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 804:159-66. [PMID: 24267077 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we unravel new scaling regimes for streaming potential and electroviscous effects in a nanocapillary with thick overlapping Electric Double Layers (EDLs). We observe that the streaming potential, for a given value of the capillary zeta (ζ) potential, varies with the EDL thickness and a dimensionless parameter R, quantifying the conduction current. Depending on the value of R, variation of the streaming potential with the EDL thickness demonstrates distinct scaling regimes: one can witness a Quadratic Regime where the streaming potential varies as the square of the EDL thickness, a Weak Regime where the streaming potential shows a weaker variation with the EDL thickness, and a Saturation Regime where the streaming potential ceases to vary with the EDL thickness. Effective viscosity, characterizing the electroviscous effect, obeys the variation of the streaming potential for smaller EDL thickness values; however, for larger EDL thickness the electroosmotic flow profile dictates the electroviscous effect, with insignificant contribution of the streaming potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Das
- Micro and Nanoscale Transport Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G8
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9
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Chakraborty J, Ray S, Chakraborty S. Role of streaming potential on pulsating mass flow rate control in combined electroosmotic and pressure-driven microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:419-25. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Mishchuk NA, Heldal T, Volden T, Auerswald J, Knapp H. Micropump based on electroosmosis of the second kind. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:3499-506. [PMID: 19784952 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic pump based on electroosmosis of the second kind was designed and fabricated. Experimental results using DC and AC voltages showed a close to second-order relationship between flow and voltage, in good agreement with theory. The experimental flow rates were considerably lower than the predicted maximum for the micropumps, which can be attributed to the hydrodynamic resistance of the channel network. This also indicates that higher flow velocities are obtainable for modified pump designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A Mishchuk
- Institute of Colloid and Water Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev Ukraine.
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11
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Bharti RP, Harvie DJ, Davidson MR. Steady flow of ionic liquid through a cylindrical microfluidic contraction–expansion pipe: Electroviscous effects and pressure drop. Chem Eng Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2008.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Chakraborty S, Srivastava AK. Generalized model for time periodic electroosmotic flows with overlapping electrical double layers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:12421-12428. [PMID: 17949121 DOI: 10.1021/la702109c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this article, an analytical model is devised for analyzing time periodic electroosmotic flows through nanochannels within the continuum regime, without presuming the validity of the Boltzmann distribution of ionic charges. The charge density distributions are obtained from the conservation considerations of the individual ionic species and other thermochemical constraints and are subsequently utilized to derive the potential distribution within the electrical double layer (EDL). This, coupled with the Navier-Stokes equation, yields a closed-form expression of the time-dependent velocity field that is valid under overlapped EDL conditions. This expression is first validated in asymptotic limits of thin EDLs, for which closed form expressions have been benchmarked in the literature. Further analyses are carried out to bring out the influences of the frequency of the electrical field on the electroosmotic flow features in the presence of overlapped EDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.
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13
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Mishchuk NA, Delgado AV, Ahualli S, González-Caballero F. Nonstationary electro-osmotic flow in closed cylindrical capillaries. Theory and experiment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 309:308-14. [PMID: 17367803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 02/10/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Both from the experimental and theoretical viewpoints it is of fundamental importance to know precisely which are the fluid flow characteristics in a (cylindrical, say) closed cell under the action of an externally applied electric field, parallel to the cell axis. This is so because in many cases the experimental determination of the electrophoretic mobility of dispersed particles is carried out in closed cells, whereby the motion of the particles in the laboratory reference system is the result of the superposition of their electrophoretic migration plus the liquid motion with respect to the cell. This makes it of utmost importance to analyze the above-mentioned fluid and particle movements. If, in particular, this evaluation is carried out in the presence of alternating fields of different frequencies, information about the dynamics and time scales of the processes involved can be obtained for different frequencies of the applied field. In the present contribution, we discuss experimental results based on the determination of the velocity of polystyrene latex particles in a closed, cylindrical electrophoresis cell, and compare them to our previous theoretical analysis of the problem. It is concluded that the theory explains with great accuracy the observed particle velocities. In addition to the use of the particles as probes for the fluid velocity distribution, this work intends to give additional clues on the frequencies and positions for which electrophoretic mobility measurements in closed cells can be more reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Mishchuk
- Institute of Colloid Chemistry and Water Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
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14
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Numerical simulation of Joule heating effect on sample band transport in capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Mishchuk NA, González-Caballero F. Nonstationary electroosmotic flow in open cylindrical capillaries. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:650-60. [PMID: 16400700 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical model of the EOF established in a wide capillary after the application of a stepwise voltage has been developed. Both periodical and aperiodical flow regimes were studied with arbitrary pulse/pulse or pulse/pause durations and amplitudes. The numerical analysis performed for a few types of periodical regimes showed the peculiarities of the profiles of liquid velocity and its displacement both for the transition to the stationary regime and for the quasi-stationary periodical and aperiodical regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A Mishchuk
- Institute of Colloid Chemistry and Water Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
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16
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Abstract
Motivated by the growing interest in ac electroosmosis as a reliable no moving parts strategy to control fluid motion in microfluidic devices for biomedical applications, such as lab-on-a-chip, we study transient and steady-state electrokinetic phenomena (electroosmosis and streaming currents) in infinitely extended rectangular charged microchannels. With the aid of Fourier series and Laplace transforms we provide a general formal solution of the problem, which is used to study the time-dependent response to sudden ac applied voltage differences in case of finite electric double layer. The Debye-Huckel approximation has been adopted to allow for an algebraic solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann problem in Fourier space. We obtain the expressions of flow velocity profiles, flow rates, streaming currents, as well as expressions of the complex hydraulic and electrokinetic conductances. We analyze in detail the dependence of the electrokinetic conductance on the extension of linear dimensions relative to the Debye length, with an eye on finite electric double layer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Campisi
- Center of Research in Microengineering (CRIM) Laboratory, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale R. Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera (Pisa), Italy.
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17
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Yang C, Ooi KT, Wong TN, Masliyah JH. Frequency-dependent laminar electroosmotic flow in a closed-end rectangular microchannel. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 275:679-98. [PMID: 15178303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2003] [Accepted: 03/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article presents an analysis of the frequency- and time-dependent electroosmotic flow in a closed-end rectangular microchannel. An exact solution to the modified Navier-Stokes equation governing the ac electroosmotic flow field is obtained by using the Green's function formulation in combination with a complex variable approach. An analytical expression for the induced backpressure gradient is derived. With the Debye-Hückel approximation, the electrical double-layer potential distribution in the channel is obtained by analytically solving the linearized two-dimensional Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Since the counterparts of the flow rate and the electrical current are shown to be linearly proportional to the applied electric field and the pressure gradient, Onsager's principle of reciprocity is demonstrated for transient and ac electroosmotic flows. The time evolution of the electroosmotic flow and the effect of a frequency-dependent ac electric field on the oscillating electroosmotic flow in a closed-end rectangular microchannel are examined. Specifically, the induced pressure gradient is analyzed under effects of the channel dimension and the frequency of electric field. In addition, based on the Stokes second problem, the solution of the slip velocity approximation is presented for comparison with the results obtained from the analytical scheme developed in this study.
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18
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Yang J, Kwok DY. Analytical treatment of electrokinetic microfluidics in hydrophobic microchannels. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Yang J, Grundke K, Bellmann C, Michel S, Kostiuk LW, Kwok DY. Oscillating Streaming Potential and Electro-osmosis of Multilayer Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0359485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada T6G, and Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden, Hohe Strausse 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karina Grundke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada T6G, and Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden, Hohe Strausse 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelia Bellmann
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada T6G, and Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden, Hohe Strausse 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Michel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada T6G, and Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden, Hohe Strausse 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Larry W. Kostiuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada T6G, and Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden, Hohe Strausse 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Y. Kwok
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada T6G, and Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden, Hohe Strausse 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
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20
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Yang J, Bhattacharyya A, Masliyah JH, Kwok DY. Oscillating laminar electrokinetic flow in infinitely extended rectangular microchannels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 261:21-31. [PMID: 12725820 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(02)00196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper has addressed analytically the problem of laminar flow in microchannels with rectangular cross-section subjected to a time-dependent sinusoidal pressure gradient and a sinusoidal electric field. The analytical solution has been determined based on the Debye-Hückel approximation of a low surface potential at the channel wall. We have demonstrated that Onsager's principle of reciprocity is valid for this problem. Parametric studies of streaming potential have shown the dependence of the electroviscous effect not only on the Debye length, but also on the oscillation frequency and the microchannel width. Parametric studies of electroosmosis demonstrate that the flow rate decreases due to an increase in frequency. The obtained solutions for both the streaming potential and electroosmotic flows become those for flow between two parallel plates in the limit of a large aspect ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada AB T6G 2G8
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