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Sinduja B, Gowthaman NSK, John SA. Fabrication of low-cost sustainable electrocatalyst: a diagnostic tool for multifunctional disorders in human fluids. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:9502-9511. [PMID: 32996975 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01681k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In purine metabolism, the xanthine oxidoreductase enzyme converts hypoxanthine (HXN) to xanthine (XN) and XN to uric acid (UA). This leads to the deposition of UA crystals in several parts of the body and the serum UA level might be associated with various multifunctional disorders. The dietary intake of caffeine (CF) and ascorbic acid (AA) decreases the UA level in the serum, which leads to cellular damage. Hence, it is highly needed to monitor the UA level in the presence of AA, XN, HXN, and CF and vice versa. Considering this sequence of complications, the present paper reports the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor using low-cost N-doped carbon dots (CDs) for the selective and simultaneous determination of UA in the presence of AA, XN, HXN, and CF at the physiological pH. The colloidal solution of CDs was prepared by the pyrolysis of asparagine and fabricated on a GC electrode by cycling the potential from -0.20 to +1.2 V in a solution containing CDs and 0.01 M H2SO4. Here, the surface -NH2 functionalities of CDs were used to make a thin film of CDs on the GC electrode. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the involvement of the -NH2 group in the formation of the CD film. HR-TEM analysis depicts that the formed CDs showed spherical particles with a size of 1.67 nm and SEM analysis exhibits the 89 nm CD film on the GC electrode surface. The fabricated CD film was successfully used for the sensitive and selective determination of UA. The determination of UA was achieved selectively in a mixture consisting of AA, XN, HXN, and CF with 50-fold high concentration. The CDs-film fabricated electrode has several benefits over the bare electrode: (i) well-resolved oxidation peaks for five analytes, (ii) boosted sensitivity, (iii) shifted oxidation as well as on-set potentials toward less positive potentials, and (iv) high stability. The practical utility of the present sensor was tested by simultaneously determining the multifactorial disorders-causing agents in human fluids. The electrocatalyst developed in the present study is sustainable and can be used for multiple analyses; besides, the electrochemical method used for the fabrication of the CD film is environmentally benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Sinduja
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram-624 302, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - N S K Gowthaman
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Abraham John
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram-624 302, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India.
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Metallopolymers as Nanostructured Solid‐State Platforms for Electrochemiluminescence Applications. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Krishnan SK, Singh E, Singh P, Meyyappan M, Nalwa HS. A review on graphene-based nanocomposites for electrochemical and fluorescent biosensors. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8778-8881. [PMID: 35517682 PMCID: PMC9062009 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09577a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensors with high sensitivity, selectivity and a low limit of detection, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, are important to the medical sciences and healthcare industry for evaluating physiological and metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar Krishnan
- CONACYT-Instituto de Física
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Puebla 72570
- Mexico
| | - Eric Singh
- Department of Computer Science
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - Pragya Singh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Meyya Meyyappan
- Center for Nanotechnology
- NASA Ames Research Center
- Moffett Field
- Mountain View
- USA
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Jia W, Wu P. Fast Proton Conduction in Denatured Bovine Serum Albumin-Coated Nafion Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:39768-39776. [PMID: 30387596 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a globular soluble protein, which has been extensively used in biochemical engineering. BSA materials possess abundant hydrophilic charged amino acids, H-bonded networks, and various secondary structures, which has great potential in facilitating proton transfer. Herein, BSA-N117 (BSA-Nafion 117) membranes are conveniently and eco-friendly prepared by utilizing the adsorption and denaturation of BSA on the Nafion 117 surface. The morphology and secondary structures of the BSA layer are studied with field-emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. BSA-N117 membranes show highly increased proton conductivity under various conditions, which could be attributed to the improved wettability, water uptake, and the denaturation of BSA. The in-plane proton conductivity of BSA-N117-5 reaches 0.3 and 0.06 S cm-1 under 80 °C-95% RH and 100 °C-40% RH, respectively. The denaturation of BSA leads to the unfolding of α-helix structures and the formation of β-sheet structures. β-Sheet structures are more beneficial to proton conduction since β-sheet structures have stronger interactions with water molecules and protons could transport more directly in the parallel H-bonded network. Moreover, the denatured BSA modification layer could effectively help BSA-N117 membranes to possess higher selectivity and overcome the "trade-off" effect between proton conductivity and methanol resistance. The methanol permeability of BSA-N117 membranes is 1 order of magnitude lower than that of Nafion 117.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China
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Yuan H, Dong G, Li D, Deng L, Cheng P, Chen Y. Steamed cake-derived 3D carbon foam with surface anchored carbon nanoparticles as freestanding anodes for high-performance microbial fuel cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1081-1088. [PMID: 29913570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anode design is highly significant for microbial fuel cells, since it simultaneously serves as the scaffold for electroactive microorganisms and as a medium for electron migration. In this study, a stiff 3D carbon foam with surface anchored nitrogen-containing carbon nanoparticles was facilely constructed via in-situ polyaniline coating of carbonized steamed cake prior to the carbonization process. The resultant product was determined to be an excellent freestanding anode that enabled the microbial fuel cell to deliver a maximum power density of up to 1307 mW/m2, which significantly outperformed its non-coated counterpart, the widely used commercial carbon felt. Further investigations revealed that the overall performance enhancement was associated with the open porosity, enlarged electroactive surface, increased biocompatibility, and decreased electric resistance of the anode scaffold. This promising anode material would offer a green and economical option for fabricating high-performance microbial fuel cell-based devices towards various ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Yuan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, China
| | - Ge Dong
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, China
| | - Denian Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, China
| | - Lifang Deng
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, China
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6
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Kumar-Krishnan S, Guadalupe-Ferreira García M, Prokhorov E, Estevez-González M, Pérez R, Esparza R, Meyyappan M. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles supported on functionalized nanosilica using deep eutectic solvent for an electrochemical enzymatic glucose biosensor. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7072-7081. [PMID: 32263898 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Engineering of nanoparticle (NP) surfaces offers an effective approach for the development of enzymatic biosensors or microbial fuel cells with a greatly enhanced direct electron transport process. However, lack of control over the surface functionalization process and the operational instability of the immobilized enzymes are serious issues. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and green deep eutectic solvent (DES)-mediated synthetic strategy for efficient amine-surface functionalization of silicon dioxide and to integrate small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for a glucose biosensor. Owing to the higher viscosity of the DES, it provides uniform surface functionalization and further coupling of the AuNPs on the SiO2 support with improved stability and dispersion. The amine groups of the functionalized Au-SiO2NPs were covalently linked to the FAD-center of glucose oxidase (GOx) through glutaraldehyde as a bifunctional cross-linker, which promotes formation of "electrical wiring" with the immobilized enzymes. The Au-SiO2NP/GOx/GC electrode exhibits direct electron transfer (DET) for sensing of glucose with a sensitivity of 9.69 μA mM-1, a wide linear range from 0.2 to 7 mM and excellent stability. The present green DES-mediated synthetic approach expands the possibilities to support different metal NPs on SiO2 as a potential platform for biosensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar-Krishnan
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro., 76230, Mexico.
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Krishnan SK, Prokhorov E, Bahena D, Esparza R, Meyyappan M. Chitosan-Covered Pd@Pt Core-Shell Nanocubes for Direct Electron Transfer in Electrochemical Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1896-1904. [PMID: 30023649 PMCID: PMC6044646 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Development of biosensors with high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, and low cost has received significant attention for their applications in medical diagnosis, diabetes management, and environment-monitoring. However, achieving a direct electrical contact between redox enzymes and electrode surfaces and enhancing the operational stability still remain as challenges. Inorganic metal nanocrystals (NCs) with precisely controlled shape and surface structure engineered with an appropriate organic coating can help overcome the challenges associated with their stability and aggregation for practical biosensor applications. Herein, we describe a facile, room-temperature, seed-mediated solution-phase route to synthesize monodisperse Pd@Pt core-shell nanocubes with subnanometer-thick platinum (Pt) shells. The enzyme electrode consisting of Pd@Pt core-shell NCs was first covered with a chitosan (CS) polymer and then glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized by a covalent linkage to the CS. This polymer permits covalent immobilization through active amino (-NH) side groups to improve the stability and preserve the biocatalytic functions while the Pd@Pt NCs facilitate enhanced direct electron transfer (DET) in the biosensor. The resultant biosensor promotes DET and exhibits excellent performance for the detection of glucose, with a sensitivity of 6.82 μA cm-2 mM-1 and a wide linear range of 1-6 mM. Our results demonstrate that sensitive electrochemical glucose detection based on Pd@Pt core-shell NCs provides remarkable opportunities for designing low-cost and sensitive biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar Krishnan
- Centro
de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Evgen Prokhorov
- Centro
de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Daniel Bahena
- Advanced
Laboratory of Electron Nanoscopy, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional,
2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegacion Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico D.F. CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Esparza
- Centro
de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - M. Meyyappan
- Center
for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
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Screening Genotoxicity Chemistry with Microfluidic Electrochemiluminescent Arrays. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17051008. [PMID: 28467352 PMCID: PMC5469531 DOI: 10.3390/s17051008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review describes progress in the development of electrochemiluminescent (ECL) arrays aimed at sensing DNA damage to identify genotoxic chemistry related to reactive metabolites. Genotoxicity refers to chemical or photochemical processes that damage DNA with toxic consequences. Our arrays feature DNA/enzyme films that form reactive metabolites of test chemicals that can subsequently react with DNA, thus enabling prediction of genotoxic chemical reactions. These high-throughput ECL arrays incorporating representative cohorts of human metabolic enzymes provide a platform for determining chemical toxicity profiles of new drug and environmental chemical candidates. The arrays can be designed to identify enzymes and enzyme cascades that produce the reactive metabolites. We also describe ECL arrays that detect oxidative DNA damage caused by metabolite-mediated reactive oxygen species. These approaches provide valuable high-throughput tools to complement modern toxicity bioassays and provide a more complete toxicity prediction for drug and chemical product development.
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Dilusha Cooray MC, Sandanayake S, Li F, Langford SJ, Bond AM, Zhang J. Efficient Enzymatic Oxidation of Glucose Mediated by Ferrocene Covalently Attached to Polyethylenimine Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saman Sandanayake
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Fengwang Li
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | | | - Alan M. Bond
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
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10
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Yuan H, Deng L, Chen Y, Yuan Y. MnO2/Polypyrrole/MnO2 multi-walled-nanotube-modified anode for high-performance microbial fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Otero TF, Martinez JG. Electro-chemo-biomimetics from conducting polymers: fundamentals, materials, properties and devices. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2069-2085. [PMID: 32263174 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00060f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated conducting polymers, intrinsic conducting polymers or conducting polymers are complex and mixed materials; their electroactive fractions follow reversible oxidation/reduction reactions giving reversible volume variations to lodge or expel charge-balance counterions and osmotic-balance solvent molecules. The material content (reactive macromolecules, ions and water) mimics the dense intracellular matrix gel of living cells. Here the electropolymerization mechanism is reviewed highlighting the presence of parallel reactions resulting in electroactive and non-electroactive fractions of the final material. Conducting polymers are classified into nine different material families. Each of those families follows a prevalent reaction-driven exchange of anions or cations during oxidation/reduction (p-doping/p-dedoping or n-doping/n-dedoping). Polyaniline families also follow reaction-driven exchange of protons. The polymer/counterion composition changes for several orders of magnitude in a reversible way with the reversible reaction. The value of each of the different composition-dependent properties of the material also shifts in a reversible way driven by the reaction. Each property mimics another change in functional biological organs. A family of biomimetic devices is being developed based on each biomimetic property. Those electrochemical devices work driven by reactions of the constitutive material, as biological organs do. The simultaneous variation of several composition-dependent properties during the reaction announces an unparalleled technological world of multifunctional devices: several tools working simultaneously in one device. Such properties and devices are driven by electrochemical reactions: they are Faradaic devices and must be characterized by using electrochemical cells and electro-chemical methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Otero
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Intelligent Materials and Devices, Campus Alfonso XIII, 30203, Cartagena, Spain.
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Blaik RA, Lan E, Huang Y, Dunn B. Gold-Coated M13 Bacteriophage as a Template for Glucose Oxidase Biofuel Cells with Direct Electron Transfer. ACS NANO 2016; 10:324-32. [PMID: 26593851 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucose oxidase-based biofuel cells are a promising source of alternative energy for small device applications, but still face the challenge of achieving robust electrical contact between the redox enzymes and the current collector. This paper reports on the design of an electrode consisting of glucose oxidase covalently attached to gold nanoparticles that are assembled onto a genetically engineered M13 bacteriophage using EDC-NHS chemistry. The engineered phage is modified at the pIII protein to attach onto a gold substrate and serves as a high-surface-area template. The resulting "nanomesh" architecture exhibits direct electron transfer (DET) and achieves a higher peak current per unit area of 1.2 mA/cm(2) compared to most other DET attachment schemes. The final enzyme surface coverage on the electrode was calculated to be approximately 4.74 × 10(-8) mol/cm(2), which is a significant improvement over most current glucose oxidase (GOx) DET attachment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita A Blaik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, HSSEAS School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles , 410 Westwood Plaza, 3111 Engineering V, Los Angeles, California 90095-1595, United States
| | - Esther Lan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, HSSEAS School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles , 410 Westwood Plaza, 3111 Engineering V, Los Angeles, California 90095-1595, United States
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, HSSEAS School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles , 410 Westwood Plaza, 3111 Engineering V, Los Angeles, California 90095-1595, United States
| | - Bruce Dunn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, HSSEAS School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles , 410 Westwood Plaza, 3111 Engineering V, Los Angeles, California 90095-1595, United States
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Vatsyayan P. Recent Advances in the Study of Electrochemistry of Redox Proteins. TRENDS IN BIOELECTROANALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/11663_2015_5001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Simonov AN, Holien JK, Yeung JCI, Nguyen AD, Corbin CJ, Zheng J, Kuznetsov VL, Auchus RJ, Conley AJ, Bond AM, Parker MW, Rodgers RJ, Martin LL. Mechanistic Scrutiny Identifies a Kinetic Role for Cytochrome b5 Regulation of Human Cytochrome P450c17 (CYP17A1, P450 17A1). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141252. [PMID: 26587646 PMCID: PMC4654539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450c17 (P450 17A1, CYP17A1) is a critical enzyme in the synthesis of androgens and is now a target enzyme for the treatment of prostate cancer. Cytochrome P450c17 can exhibit either one or two physiological enzymatic activities differentially regulated by cytochrome b5. How this is achieved remains unknown. Here, comprehensive in silico, in vivo and in vitro analyses were undertaken. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer analysis showed close interactions within living cells between cytochrome P450c17 and cytochrome b5. In silico modeling identified the sites of interaction and confirmed that E48 and E49 residues in cytochrome b5 are essential for activity. Quartz crystal microbalance studies identified specific protein-protein interactions in a lipid membrane. Voltammetric analysis revealed that the wild type cytochrome b5, but not a mutated, E48G/E49G cyt b5, altered the kinetics of electron transfer between the electrode and the P450c17. We conclude that cytochrome b5 can influence the electronic conductivity of cytochrome P450c17 via allosteric, protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica K. Holien
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ann D. Nguyen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - C. Jo Corbin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - Richard J. Auchus
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alan J. Conley
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Alan M. Bond
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael W. Parker
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raymond J. Rodgers
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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17
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Pinyou P, Pöller S, Chen X, Schuhmann W. Optimization of Os-Complex Modified Redox Polymers for Improving Biocatalysis of PQQ-sGDH Based Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Badalyan A, Dierich M, Stiba K, Schwuchow V, Leimkühler S, Wollenberger U. Electrical Wiring of the Aldehyde Oxidoreductase PaoABC with a Polymer Containing Osmium Redox Centers: Biosensors for Benzaldehyde and GABA. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2014; 4:403-21. [PMID: 25587431 PMCID: PMC4287710 DOI: 10.3390/bios4040403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors for the detection of benzaldehyde and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are reported using aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli immobilized in a polymer containing bound low potential osmium redox complexes. The electrically connected enzyme already electrooxidizes benzaldehyde at potentials below -0.15 V (vs. Ag|AgCl, 1 M KCl). The pH-dependence of benzaldehyde oxidation can be strongly influenced by the ionic strength. The effect is similar with the soluble osmium redox complex and therefore indicates a clear electrostatic effect on the bioelectrocatalytic efficiency of PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer. At lower ionic strength, the pH-optimum is high and can be switched to low pH-values at high ionic strength. This offers biosensing at high and low pH-values. A "reagentless" biosensor has been formed with enzyme wired onto a screen-printed electrode in a flow cell device. The response time to addition of benzaldehyde is 30 s, and the measuring range is between 10-150 µM and the detection limit of 5 µM (signal to noise ratio 3:1) of benzaldehyde. The relative standard deviation in a series (n = 13) for 200 µM benzaldehyde is 1.9%. For the biosensor, a response to succinic semialdehyde was also identified. Based on this response and the ability to work at high pH a biosensor for GABA is proposed by coimmobilizing GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-T) and PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ulla Wollenberger
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-331-977-5122; Fax: +49-331-977-5128
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Hegazy MA, El-Hamouly SH, Azab MM, Beshir SI, Zayed MA. Homo- and copolymerization of N-(2-thiazolyl)methacrylamide with different vinyl monomers: Synthesis, characterization, determination of monomer reactivity ratios and biological activity. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090414020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gdor E, Katz E, Mandler D. Biomolecular AND Logic Gate Based on Immobilized Enzymes with Precise Spatial Separation Controlled by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:16058-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4095672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Gdor
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Evgeny Katz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, United States
| | - Daniel Mandler
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Implications of active site orientation in myoglobin for direct electron transfer and electrocatalysis based on monolayer and multilayer covalent immobilization on gold electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Synthesis and electrocatalytic activity of haemin-functionalised iron(II, III) oxide nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 781:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Electrode interfaces switchable by physical and chemical signals for biosensing, biofuel, and biocomputing applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:3659-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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24
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Liu Y, Bond DR. Long-distance electron transfer by G. sulfurreducens biofilms results in accumulation of reduced c-type cytochromes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:1047-53. [PMID: 22577055 PMCID: PMC3500873 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
So close, but yet so far: G. sulfurreducens c-type cytochromes become reduced as biofilms grow on electrodes beyond a few cell thicknesses, even if the electrode is poised well above the potential required to oxidize all cytochromes. Cytochrome redox state also lags behind rapid potential changes during voltammetry, but only when the films are multiple cell layers thick, as would be expected if diffusional or exchange-based kinetics controls electron transfer between cytochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- BioTechnology Institute and Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave St. Paul MN 55108, USA
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25
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Wang K, Tang J, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Chen G. Laccase on Black Pearl 2000 modified glassy carbon electrode: Characterization of direct electron transfer and biological sensing properties for pyrocatechol. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Murphy AF, McCormac T. Surface immobilisation of transition metal substituted Krebs type polyoxometalates, [X2W20M2O70(H2O)6]n− (X=Bi or Sb, M=Co2+ or Cu2+), by the layer by layer technique. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Bocharova V, Katz E. Switchable electrode interfaces controlled by physical, chemical and biological signals. CHEM REC 2011; 12:114-30. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cortez ML, Ceolín M, Azzaroni O, Battaglini F. Electrochemical Sensing Platform Based on Polyelectrolyte–Surfactant Supramolecular Assemblies Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8011-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202213t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Ceolín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Soon GH, Deasy M, Worsfold O, Dempsey E. Synthesis, Co-Polymerization, and Electrochemical Evaluation of Novel Ferrocene-Pyrrole Derivatives. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.539729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Baleg AAA, Jahed NM, Arotiba OA, Mailu SN, Hendricks NR, Baker PG, Iwuoha EI. Synthesis and characterization of poly(propylene imine) dendrimer – Polypyrrole conducting star copolymer. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Ivnitski DM, Khripin C, Luckarift HR, Johnson GR, Atanassov P. Surface characterization and direct bioelectrocatalysis of multicopper oxidases. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Critical Effect of Polyelectrolytes on the Electrochemical Response of Dehydrogenases Entrapped in Sol-Gel Thin Films. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Electrical and Proton Conducting Polymer Based Composite Electrodes Incorporating Fuel Cell Catalysts: Screen Printed Systems Analysed Using Hall Measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.657.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
40% Pt on carbon black was used to make various inks. Compositions were altered by changing the organic component (2-propanol vs 1,2-¬propanediol), the liquid to solid ratio, and addition of Fullerenes to alter electronic properties. Inks were printed onto Nafion® or bond paper substrates using a Presco screen printer. The inks rheological properties were thoroughly characterized, and screen printed electrodes were characterized using optical microscopy, and hall measurements. Ink formulation had a major effect on final film morphology, with high water ratio formulations optimum for the Nafion® substrate and low water ratios ideal for bond paper. The final film integrity influenced sheet hall coefficients with p-type carriers dominating inhomogeneous films, and n – type carriers dominating well formed films. However hall mobility did not correlate with film thickness. Rheological studies showed that increasing the solid ratios and changing the solvent increased the viscosity, and the storage modulus (G') of between 84 and 224 and viscoelastic behaviour of inks correlated with good print quality.
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Mai Z, Zhao X, Dai Z, Zou X. Direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin adsorbed on self-assembled monolayers with different head groups or chain length. Talanta 2010; 81:167-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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38
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Katz E, Pita M. Biofuel Cells Controlled by Logically Processed Biochemical Signals: Towards Physiologically Regulated Bioelectronic Devices. Chemistry 2009; 15:12554-64. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Direct electron transfer and electrocatalysis of glucose oxidase immobilized on glassy carbon electrode modified with Nafion and mesoporous carbon FDU-15. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Merchant SA, Tran TO, Meredith MT, Cline TC, Glatzhofer DT, Schmidtke DW. High-sensitivity amperometric biosensors based on ferrocene-modified linear poly(ethylenimine). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:7736-7742. [PMID: 19382795 DOI: 10.1021/la9004938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Amperometric biosensors for glucose and hydrogen peroxide have been built by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in cross-linked films of ferrocene-modified linear poly(ethylenimine). At pH 7, the glucose sensors generated limiting catalytic current densities of 1.2 mA/cm2. These current densities are approximately 4 times higher than those with other ferrocene-based redox polymers and are comparable to the highest reported values for osmium-based redox polymers with GOX. Because of the high sensitivity of these films (73 nA/cm2.microM), glucose concentrations in the micromolar range could be detected. Similarly, sensors were constructed with HRP-generated current densities of 0.9 mA/cm2 under saturation conditions and sensitivities of 500 nA/cm2.microM. The results show that the ability of Fc-LPEI to effectively communicate with a variety of enzymes has potential applications in measuring low substrate concentrations in implantable biosensors and producing high current outputs in enzymatic biofuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Merchant
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Bioengineering Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of glucose oxidase immobilized on glassy carbon electrode modified by Nafion and ordered mesoporous silica-SBA-15. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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42
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Effect of redox polymer synthesis on the performance of a mediated laccase oxygen cathode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Hendricks NR, Waryo TT, Arotiba O, Jahed N, Baker PG, Iwuoha EI. Microsomal cytochrome P450-3A4 (CYP3A4) nanobiosensor for the determination of 2,4-dichlorophenol—An endocrine disruptor compound. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Amir L, Tam TK, Pita M, Meijler MM, Alfonta L, Katz E. Biofuel Cell Controlled by Enzyme Logic Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 131:826-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8076704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liron Amir
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, and NanoBio Laboratory (NABLAB), Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, and Departments of Biotechnology Engineering and Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Tsz Kin Tam
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, and NanoBio Laboratory (NABLAB), Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, and Departments of Biotechnology Engineering and Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Marcos Pita
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, and NanoBio Laboratory (NABLAB), Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, and Departments of Biotechnology Engineering and Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Michael M. Meijler
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, and NanoBio Laboratory (NABLAB), Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, and Departments of Biotechnology Engineering and Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Lital Alfonta
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, and NanoBio Laboratory (NABLAB), Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, and Departments of Biotechnology Engineering and Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Evgeny Katz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, and NanoBio Laboratory (NABLAB), Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, and Departments of Biotechnology Engineering and Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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46
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Ivnitski D, Artyushkova K, Atanassov P. Surface characterization and direct electrochemistry of redox copper centers of bilirubin oxidase from fungi Myrothecium verrucaria. Bioelectrochemistry 2008; 74:101-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Savéant JM. Molecular catalysis of electrochemical reactions. Mechanistic aspects. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2348-78. [PMID: 18620367 DOI: 10.1021/cr068079z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 617] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Savéant
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche Universite-CNRS 7591, Université de Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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48
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Jiang K, Zhang H, Shannon C, Zhan W. Preparation and characterization of polyoxometalate/protein ultrathin films grown on electrode surfaces using layer-by-layer assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:3584-3589. [PMID: 18284261 DOI: 10.1021/la704015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report a new electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly method for the controlled deposition of electrocatalytically active enzymes onto electrode surfaces using polyoxometalate as the counteranion. Cytochrome c (cyt c), a redox active protein, and P(2)W(18)O(62)(6-), a Dawson-type polyoxometalate, were deposited onto glassy carbon electrodes by two procedures: static dipping and electrochemical cycling. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis spectroscopy reveal that approximately 1.5 x 10(-10) mol/cm(2) of P(2)W(18)O(62)(6-) and 2.2 x 10(-11) mol/cm(2) of cytochrome c are deposited per cycle, which correspond to approximately one monolayer of each molecule. The thicknesses of the resulting films measured by atomic force microscopy also indicate that the films are formed in a layer-by-layer fashion. Experimental factors that affect electron-transfer rate in these films, such as scan rate and film thickness, were systematically analyzed. The use of {P(2)W(18)O(62)(6-)/cyt c}n films to catalyze hydrogen peroxide reduction was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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49
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Zeng Q, McNally A, Keyes TE, Forster RJ. Three colour electrochromic metallopolymer based on a ruthenium phenolate complex bound to poly(4-vinyl)pyridine. Electrochem commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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50
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Ivnitski D, Artyushkova K, Rincón RA, Atanassov P, Luckarift HR, Johnson GR. Entrapment of enzymes and carbon nanotubes in biologically synthesized silica: glucose oxidase-catalyzed direct electron transfer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:357-364. [PMID: 18273853 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200700725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates a new approach for building bioinorganic interfaces by integrating biologically derived silica with single-walled carbon nanotubes to create a conductive matrix for immobilization of enzymes. Such a strategy not only allows simple integration into biodevices but presents an opportunity to intimately interface an enzyme and manifest direct electron transfer features. Biologically synthesized silica/carbon nanotube/enzyme composites are evaluated electrochemically and characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Voltammetry of the composites displayed stable oxidation and reduction peaks at an optimal potential close to that of the FAD/FADH(2) cofactor of immobilized glucose oxidase. The immobilized enzyme is stable for a period of one month and retains catalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose. It is demonstrated that the resulting composite can be successfully integrated into functional bioelectrodes for biosensor and biofuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Ivnitski
- Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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