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Masko M, Domino M, Skierbiszewska K, Zdrojkowski Ł, Jasinski T, Gajewski Z. Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Masko
- Department of Animal Breeding Faculty of Animal Science WULS – SGGW Warsaw Poland
| | - M. Domino
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW) Warsaw Poland
| | - K. Skierbiszewska
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW) Warsaw Poland
| | - Ł. Zdrojkowski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW) Warsaw Poland
| | - T. Jasinski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW) Warsaw Poland
| | - Z. Gajewski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW) Warsaw Poland
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Castillo-Olivares J, Wieringa R, Bakonyi T, de Vries AAF, Davis-Poynter NJ, Rottier PJM. Generation of a candidate live marker vaccine for equine arteritis virus by deletion of the major virus neutralization domain. J Virol 2003; 77:8470-80. [PMID: 12857916 PMCID: PMC165223 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.15.8470-8480.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is an enveloped plus-strand RNA virus of the family Arteriviridae (order Nidovirales) that causes respiratory and reproductive disease in equids. Protective, virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAb) elicited by infection are directed predominantly against an immunodominant region in the membrane-proximal domain of the viral envelope glycoprotein G(L), allowing recently the establishment of a sensitive peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on this particular domain (J. Nugent et al., J. Virol. Methods 90:167-183, 2000). By using an infectious cDNA we have now generated, in the controlled background of a nonvirulent virus, a mutant EAV from which this immunodominant domain was deleted. This virus, EAV-G(L)Delta, replicated to normal titers in culture cells, although at a slower rate than wild-type EAV, and caused an asymptomatic infection in ponies. The antibodies induced neutralized the mutant virus efficiently in vitro but reacted poorly to wild-type EAV strains. Nevertheless, when inoculated subsequently with virulent EAV, the immunized animals, in contrast to nonvaccinated controls, were fully protected against disease; replication of the challenge virus occurred briefly at low though detectable levels. The levels of protection achieved suggest that an immune effector mechanism other than VNAb plays an important role in protection against infection. As expected, infection with EAV-G(L)Delta did not induce a measurable response in our G(L)-peptide ELISA while the challenge infection of the animals clearly did. EAV-G(L)Delta or similar mutants are therefore attractive marker vaccine candidates, enabling serological discrimination between vaccinated and wild-type virus-infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Castillo-Olivares
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, United Kingdom
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3
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Castillo-Olivares J, de Vries AAF, Raamsman MJB, Rottier PJM, Lakhani K, Westcott D, Tearle JP, Wood JLN, Mumford JA, Hannant D, Davis-Poynter NJ. Evaluation of a prototype sub-unit vaccine against equine arteritis virus comprising the entire ectodomain of the virus large envelope glycoprotein (G(L)): induction of virus-neutralizing antibody and assessment of protection in ponies. J Gen Virol 2001; 82:2425-2435. [PMID: 11562536 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-82-10-2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant protein (6hisG(L)ecto) comprising the entire ectodomain (aa 18-122) of equine arteritis virus (EAV) glycoprotein G(L), the immunodominant viral antigen, induced higher neutralizing antibody titres than other G(L)-derived polypeptides when compared in an immunization study in ponies. The potential of the recombinant G(L) ectodomain to act as a sub-unit vaccine against EAV was evaluated further in three groups of four ponies vaccinated with doses of 35, 70 or 140 microg of protein. All vaccinated animals developed a virus-neutralizing antibody (VNAb) response with peak titres 1-2 weeks after the administration of a booster on week 5 (VNAb titres of 1.8-3.1), 13 (VNAb titres of 1.4-2.9) or 53 (VNAb titres of 1.2-2.3). Vaccinated and unvaccinated control ponies were infected with EAV at different times post-vaccination to obtain information about the degree of protection relative to the levels of pre-challenge VNAb. Vaccination conferred varying levels of protection, as indicated by reduced or absent pyrexia, viraemia and virus excretion from the nasopharynx. The degree of protection correlated well with the levels of pre-challenge VNAb and, in particular, with levels of virus excretion. These results provide the first evidence that a sub-unit vaccine protects horses against EAV. The use of the sub-unit vaccine in combination with a differential diagnostic test based on other EAV antigens would enable serological discrimination between naturally infected and vaccinated equines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A A F de Vries
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands2
| | - M J B Raamsman
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands2
| | - P J M Rottier
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands2
| | - K Lakhani
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, UK1
| | - D Westcott
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK3
| | - J P Tearle
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, UK1
| | - J L N Wood
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, UK1
| | - J A Mumford
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, UK1
| | - D Hannant
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, UK1
| | - N J Davis-Poynter
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, UK1
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Fukunaga Y, Wada R, Sugita S, Fujita Y, Nambo Y, Imagawa H, Kanemaru T, Kamada M, Komatsu N, Akashi H. In vitro detection of equine arteritis virus from seminal plasma for identification of carrier stallions. J Vet Med Sci 2000; 62:643-6. [PMID: 10907693 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.62.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine arteritis virus (EAV) was readily isolated in RK-13 cell monolayers by plaque assay from seminal plasma of experimental carrier stallions when they contained high titers of virus regardless of the presence of non-viral cytotoxicity in the seminal plasma. The cytotoxicity interfered with virus isolation from seminal plasma which contained virus at titers less than 10 PFU/ml. However, it was possible to detect the virus in seminal plasma pretreated with PEG (#6000). EAV was consistently identified by RT-PCR from crude seminal plasma which contained virus at titers of more than 10(2.7) PFU/ml. In vitro detection of EAV by virus isolation supplemented with RT-PCR using seminal plasma was proved to be an effective alternative to the standard test mating as a diagnostic method for carrier stallions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fukunaga
- Epizootic Research Station, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Kokubunji, Tochigi
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