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Lu Y, Cai Y, Zhang Q, Chen J. Insights into Redox Processes and Correlated Performance of Organic Carbonyl Electrode Materials in Rechargeable Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104150. [PMID: 34617334 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic carbonyl electrode materials have shown great prospects for rechargeable batteries in view of their high capacity, flexible designability, and sustainable production. However, organic carbonyl electrode materials still suffer from unsatisfactory electrochemical performance, which is highly relevant to their redox processes. Herein, an in-depth understanding on redox processes and the correlated electrochemical performance of organic carbonyl electrode materials is provided. The redox processes discussed mainly involve molecular structure evolution (intermediates), crystal structure evolution (phase transition), and charge storage mechanisms. The properties of intermediates can affect voltage, cycling stability, reversible capacity, and rate performance of batteries. Moreover, the reversible capacity/cycling stability and rate performance would be also influenced by phase transition and charge storage mechanisms (diffusion- or surface-controlled), respectively. To accelerate the practical applications of organic carbonyl electrode materials, future work should focus on developing more in situ or operando characterization techniques and further understanding the intrinsic relationships between redox processes and performance. It is hoped that the work discussed herein will stimulate more attention to the detailed redox processes and their correlations with the performance of organic carbonyl electrode materials in rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yichao Cai
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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2
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Lau VWH, Kim JB, Zou F, Kang YM. Elucidating the charge storage mechanism of carbonaceous and organic electrode materials for sodium ion batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13465-13494. [PMID: 34853843 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04925a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sodium ion batteries (SIB) have received much research attention in the past decades as they are considered to be one alternative to the currently prevalent lithium ion batteries, and carbonaceous and organic compounds present two promising classes of SIB electrode materials advantaged by abundance of their constituent elements and reduced environmental footprints. To accelerate the development of these materials for SIB applications, future research directions must be guided by a thorough understanding of the charge storage mechanism. This review presents recent efforts in mechanism elucidation for these two classes of SIB electrode materials since, compared to their inorganic counterparts, they have unique challenges in material analysis. Topics covered will include characterization techniques and analytical frameworks for mechanism elucidation, emphasizing the advantages and limitations of individual experimental methodologies and providing a commentary on scientific rigor in result interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Wing-Hei Lau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Korea Center for Smart Materials and Devices, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Feng Zou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Mook Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea. .,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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3
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Larsen CB, Farrow GA, Smith LD, Appleby MV, Chekulaev D, Weinstein JA, Wenger OS. Solvent-Mediated Activation/Deactivation of Photoinduced Electron-Transfer in a Molecular Dyad. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10430-10438. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - George A. Farrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Liam D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Martin V. Appleby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Julia A. Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
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4
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Ibis C, Sahinler Ayla S, Babayeva E. Reactions of quinones with some amino alcohols, thiols and a UV-Vis study. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1714619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Ibis
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Sahinler Ayla
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elvira Babayeva
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
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Li H, Liang Z, Deng Q, Hou W. Band structure engineering of polymeric carbon nitride with oxygen/carbon codoping for efficient charge separation and photocatalytic performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 564:333-343. [PMID: 31918201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The high charge recombination efficiency and weak visible-light absorption of polymeric carbon nitride (CN) severely suppress its photocatalytic performance. To overcome these defects, oxygen/carbon codoped CN (OCN) was prepared firstly using acrylamide as the additive. OCN exhibits much enhanced visible light absorption, charge separation and transfer, and thus photoactivity in hydrogen production and environmental remediation. OCN exhibits a ~6-fold higher photocatalytic hydrogen production rate (~2626 μmol h-1 g-1) than CN, comparable to most of nonmetal-doped CN, and an apparent quantum yield of ~16.3% (420 nm). OCN is also much better at producing singlet oxygen than CN. The significantly enhanced charge separation for OCN arises from the O/C codoping structure which forms an impurity level above the valence band edge in the bandgap, i.e., works as a hole-capture center. This work affords a simple and effective strategy to synthesize modified CN for photoactivity enhancement, clarifies the doping mechanism, and may guide research on other nonmetal doped organic semiconductor photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Zhiwei Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Quanhua Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Wanguo Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China; Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
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Montanaro S, Gillett AJ, Feldmann S, Evans EW, Plasser F, Friend RH, Wright IA. Red-shifted delayed fluorescence at the expense of photoluminescence quantum efficiency - an intramolecular charge-transfer molecule based on a benzodithiophene-4,8-dione acceptor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10580-10586. [PMID: 31074469 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02186h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Employing the thiophene based quinone, benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-4,8-dione, as the electron-accepting moiety alongside N-phenylcarbazole donors to produce a donor-π-acceptor-π-donor (D-π-A-π-D) molecule has yielded a new red emitter displaying delayed fluorescence. This new molecule shows strongly (over 100 nm) red-shifted emission when compared to an anthraquinone based analogue. Cyclic voltammetry complemented by computational insights prove that this red-shift is due to the significantly stronger electron-accepting ability of the thiophene quinone compared to anthraquinone. Photophysical and computational studies of this molecule have revealed that while the presence of the thiophene containing acceptor facilitates rapid intersystem crossing which is comparable to anthraquinone analogues, the reverse intersystem crossing rate is slow and non-radiative decay is rapid which we can attribute to low-lying locally excited states. This limits the total photoluminescence quantum efficiency to less than 10% in both solution and the solid state. These results provide a useful example of how very minor structural variations can have a defining impact on the photophysical properties of new molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Montanaro
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Alexander J Gillett
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Sascha Feldmann
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Emrys W Evans
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Richard H Friend
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Iain A Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
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Ibis C, Sahinler Ayla S, Yavuz S. Reactions of quinones with some aryl phenols and synthesis of new quinone derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1546403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Ibis
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Sahinler Ayla
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senol Yavuz
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sun T, Levin BDA, Schmidt MP, Guzman JJL, Enders A, Martínez CE, Muller DA, Angenent LT, Lehmann J. Simultaneous Quantification of Electron Transfer by Carbon Matrices and Functional Groups in Pyrogenic Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8538-8547. [PMID: 29968467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyrogenic carbon contains redox-active functional groups and polyaromatic carbon matrices that are both capable of transferring electrons. Several techniques have been explored to characterize the individual electron transfer process of either functional groups or carbon matrices individually. However, simultaneous analysis of both processes remains challenging. Using an approach that employs a four-electrode configuration and dual-interface electron transfer detection, we distinguished the electron transfer by functional groups from the electron transfer by carbon matrices and simultaneously quantified their relative contribution to the total electron transfer to and from pyrogenic carbon. Results show that at low to intermediate pyrolysis temperatures (400-500 °C), redox cycling of functional groups is the major mechanism with a contribution of 100-78% to the total electron transfer; whereas at high temperatures (650-800 °C), direct electron transfer of carbon matrices dominates electron transfer with a contribution of 87-100%. Spectroscopic and diffraction analyses of pyrogenic carbon support the electrochemical measurements by showing a molecular-level structural transition from an enrichment in functional groups to an enrichment in nanosized graphene domains with increasing pyrolysis temperatures. The method described in this study provides a new analytical approach to separately quantify the relative importance of different electron transfer pathways in natural pyrogenic carbon and has potential applications for engineered carbon materials such as graphene oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianran Sun
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
- Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , Tübingen 72074 , Germany
| | - Barnaby D A Levin
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, College of Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Michael P Schmidt
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Juan J L Guzman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Akio Enders
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Carmen Enid Martínez
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, College of Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Largus T Angenent
- Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , Tübingen 72074 , Germany
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
- Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14583 , United States
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
- Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14583 , United States
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9
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Joy S, Sureshbabu VV, Periyasamy G. DFT Studies on the Terminal Dependent Reversible Switching of Selenoxo Peptides Induced by Cationization. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Joy
- Department of ChemistryBangalore University Bangalore-560001
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10
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Yang X, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Wang X, An Y, Guo B, Hu Z, Wu H. Dissected carbon nanotubes functionalized by 1-hydroxyanthraquinone for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09534a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Hydroxyanthraquinone (HAQ) is selected to functionalize the dissected carbon nanotubes (rDCNTs) with reduced graphene oxide layers through non-covalent modification. The composite achieves high specific capacitance and ultrahigh rate capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Yuying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Quancai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Yufeng An
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Bingshu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Zhongai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Hongying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
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11
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An N, Zhang F, Hu Z, Li Z, Li L, Yang Y, Guo B, Lei Z. Non-covalently functionalizing a graphene framework by anthraquinone for high-rate electrochemical energy storage. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16092d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinone (AQ) with electrochemically reversible redox couples is selected to functionalize graphene framework (GF) through non-covalent modification and the composite achieves high specific capacitance, good rate capability and long cycle life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning An
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Fuhai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Zhongai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Zhimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Yuying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Bingshu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Ziqiang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
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12
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An N, An Y, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Lei Z. Green and all-carbon asymmetric supercapacitor based on polyaniline nanotubes and anthraquinone functionalized porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes with high energy storage performance. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09943a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A green and all-carbon AQ@PNCNTs//PNTs ASC device that can deliver an energy density as high as 32.7 W h kg−1 at the power density of 700 W kg−1 is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning An
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Yufeng An
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Zhongai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Yadi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Yuying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
| | - Ziqiang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
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Sert Y, Balakit AA, Öztürk N, Ucun F, El-Hiti GA. Experimental (FT-IR, NMR and UV) and theoretical (M06-2X and DFT) investigation, and frequency estimation analyses on (E)-3-(4-bromo-5-methylthiophen-2-yl)acrylonitrile. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 131:502-511. [PMID: 24840492 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The spectroscopic properties of (E)-3-(4-bromo-5-methylthiophen-2-yl)acrylonitrile have been investigated by FT-IR, UV, (1)H and (13)C NMR techniques. The theoretical vibrational frequencies and optimized geometric parameters (bond lengths and angles) have been calculated using density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP: Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr) and DFT/M06-2X (the highly parameterized, empirical exchange correlation function) quantum chemical methods with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set by Gaussian 03 software, for the first time. The assignments of the vibrational frequencies have been carried out by potential energy distribution (PED) analysis by using VEDA 4 software. The theoretical optimized geometric parameters and vibrational frequencies were in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data, and with the results in the literature. (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shifts were calculated by using the gauge-invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) method. The electronic properties, such as excitation energies, oscillator strength wavelengths were performed by B3LYP methods. In addition, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies and the other related molecular energy values have been calculated and depicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Sert
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey; Sorgun Vocational School, Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey.
| | - Asim A Balakit
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq; College of Pharmacy, Babylon University, Iraq
| | - Nuri Öztürk
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32100, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ucun
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32100, Turkey
| | - Gamal A El-Hiti
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Brown-Xu SE, Chisholm MH, Durr CB, Lewis SA, Spilker TF, Young PJ. Molybdenum–molybdenum quadruple bonds supported by 9,10-anthraquinone carboxylate ligands. Molecular, electronic, ground state and unusual photoexcited state properties. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Eren E, Aslan E, Oksuz AU. The effect of anionic surfactant on the properties of polythiophene/chitosan composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esin Eren
- Hydrogen Technologies Research and Application Center; Suleyman Demirel University; 32260 Isparta Turkey
| | - Erhan Aslan
- Research Center; Suleyman Demirel University; 32260 Isparta Turkey
| | - Aysegul Uygun Oksuz
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Arts and Science; Suleyman Demirel University; 32260 Isparta Turkey
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16
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Chen D, Hickner MA. V5+ degradation of sulfonated Radel membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11299-305. [PMID: 23732218 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Insight into the degradation mechanisms of aromatic proton conducting membrane separators for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) is urgently needed for the development of long lifetime VRFBs. Other than in-cell observations of performance degradation, there is little fundamental evidence on the specific degradation pathways of aromatic ion exchange membranes for VRFBs. Herein we investigated a sulfonated Radel® membrane (S-Radel) as the degradation target to study the degradation mechanism of aromatic polymers by V(V) (or generally V(5+)) oxidation. It was found that the ductile S-Radel membrane, which has a similar aromatic backbone structure to the most-studied polyaromatic VRFB membranes that have shown high performance, became brittle and discolored after 3 days of immersion in 1.7 M V(V) + 3.3 M H2SO4 solution at 40 °C. The membrane's intrinsic viscosity was reduced to about half of its original value after this exposure to V(V) while the ion exchange capacity did not change. In addition to chain scission, it was found that -OH groups were introduced to the backbone of S-Radel as the major degradation product. Quinone groups were also observed at 1677 cm(-1) in FTIR measurements. While the V(V) species in VRFBs is usually denoted as VO2(+), V(V)=O in VOCl3 was found to not have degradation activity for S-Radel. Therefore, we hypothesized that there were other reactive forms of V(V) species that first attacked the S-Radel by incorporating hydroxyl groups into the polymer's aromatic backbone, followed by the oxidation of these hydroxyl groups to quinone functionalities through a redox mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Unsal H, Aydogan N. Formation of chiral nanotubes by the novel anthraquinone containing-achiral molecule. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 394:301-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hande Unsal
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Toniolo R, Dossi N, Pizzariello A, Doherty AP, Susmel S, Bontempelli G. An oxygen amperometric gas sensor based on its electrocatalytic reduction in room temperature ionic liquids. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Hankache J, Hanss D, Wenger OS. Hydrogen-Bond Strengthening upon Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Ruthenium–Anthraquinone Dyads Interacting with Hexafluoroisopropanol or Water. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:3347-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jp300090n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Hankache
- Georg-August-Universität, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077
Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Hanss
- Georg-August-Universität, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077
Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Georg-August-Universität, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077
Göttingen, Germany
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20
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Spectroscopic investigation of flavoproteins: Mechanistic differences between (electro)chemical and photochemical reduction and oxidation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Zhang G, Yang F, Gao M, Fang X, Liu L. Electro-Fenton degradation of azo dye using polypyrrole/anthraquinonedisulphonate composite film modified graphite cathode in acidic aqueous solutions. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Gómez R, Blanco R, Veldman D, Segura JL, Janssen RAJ. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Conjugated Polymers with Pendant 9,10-Anthraquinone Units. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:4953-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jp711327k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, and Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Raúl Blanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, and Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Veldman
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, and Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - José L. Segura
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, and Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, and Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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23
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On the oxidation of Wurster’s reagent and the Wurster’s crown analog of 15-crown-5 in the presence of alkali metal cations. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Luzzati S, Scharber M, Catellani M, Giacalone F, Segura JL, Martin N, Neugebauer H, Sariciftci NS. Long-lived photoinduced charges in donor-acceptor anthraquinone-substituted thiophene copolymers. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:5351-8. [PMID: 16539468 DOI: 10.1021/jp056483g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced charge-transfer properties of a series of polyalkylthiophene copolymers, carrying anthraquinone substituents covalently linked to the conjugated backbone, have been studied in the solid state by photoinduced absorption (PA) and light-induced electron spin resonance (LESR) spectroscopy. The measurements indicate the formation of metastable charges arising from the photoinduced electron transfer from the polythiophene backbone to the anthraquinone moieties. At low temperatures (below 200 K), long-lived persistent charges are formed, exhibiting lifetimes that extend for several minutes; their recombination kinetics has been studied by following the formation and decay of the PA and LESR signals. The results are rationalized using a model originally proposed to describe the low-temperature recombination kinetics of long-lived photoexcited carriers in amorphous inorganic semiconductors. It is clearly evidenced that, in these polymers, the number of acceptor substituents in the chain, easily tuned by chemical tailoring, plays a key role in the photoexcitation scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Luzzati
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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25
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De Backer M, Sauvage FX. In situ FTIR spectroelectrochemistry and spectral simulations using DFT: Efficient complementary tools to elucidate complex electrochemical mechanisms. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Gautrot JE, Hodge P, Cupertino D, Helliwell M. 2,6-Diaryl-9,10-anthraquinones as models for electron-accepting polymers. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b701257h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Röhr H, Trieflinger C, Rurack K, Daub J. Proton- and Redox-Controlled Switching of Photo- and Electrochemiluminescence in Thiophenyl-Substituted Boron-Dipyrromethene Dyes. Chemistry 2006; 12:689-700. [PMID: 16231292 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A luminescent molecular switch in which the active thiol/disulfide switching element is attached to a meso-phenyl-substituted boron-dipyrromethene (BDP) chromophore as the signalling unit is presented. The combination of these two functional units offers great versatility for multimodal switching of luminescence: 1) deprotonation/protonation of the thiol/thiolate moiety allows the highly fluorescent meso-p-thiophenol-BDP and its nonfluorescent thiolate analogue to be chemically and reversibly interconverted, 2) electrochemical oxidation of the monomeric dyes yields the fluorescent disulfide-bridged bichromophoric dimer, also in a fully reversible process, and 3) besides conventional photoexcitation, the well separated redox potentials of the BDP also allow the excited BDP state to be generated electrochemically (i.e., processes 1) and 2) can be employed to control both photo- and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of the BDP). The paper introduces and characterizes the various states of the switch and discusses the underlying mechanisms. Investigation of the ortho analogue of the dimer provided insight into potential chromophore-chromophore interactions in such bichromophoric architectures in both the ground and the excited state. Comparison of the optical and redox properties of the two disulfide dimers further revealed structural requirements both for redox switches and for ECL-active molecular ensembles. By employing thiol/disulfide switching chemistry and BDP luminescence features, it was possible to create a prototype molecular ensemble that shows both fully reversible proton- and redox-gated electrochemiluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Röhr
- Div. I.3, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
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28
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Gautrot JE, Hodge P, Cupertino D, Helliwell M. Experimental evidence for carbonyl–π electron cloud interactions. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b608628d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Zhu L, Khairutdinov RF, Cape JL, Hurst JK. Photoregulated Transmembrane Charge Separation by Linked Spiropyran−Anthraquinone Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 128:825-35. [PMID: 16417372 DOI: 10.1021/ja0545620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amide-linked spiropyran-anthraquinone (SP-AQ) conjugates were shown to mediate ZnTPPS(4-)-photosensitized transmembrane reduction of occluded Co(bpy)3(3+) within unilamellar phosphatidylcholine vesicles by external EDTA. Overall quantum yields for these reactions were dependent upon the isomeric state of the dye; specifically, 30-35% photoconversion of the closed-ring spiropyran (SP) moiety to the open-ring merocyanine (MC) form caused the quantum yield to decrease by 6-fold in the simple conjugate and 3-fold for an analogue containing a lipophilic 4-dodecylphenoxy substituent on the anthraquinone moiety. Transient spectroscopic and fluorescence quenching measurements revealed that two factors contributed to these photoisomerization-induced changes in quantum yields: increased efficiencies of fluorescence quenching of 1ZnTPPS4- by the merocyanine group and lowered transmembrane diffusion rates of the merocyanine-containing redox carriers. Transient spectrophotometry also revealed the sequential formation and decay of two reaction intermediates, identified as 3ZnTPPS4- and a species with the optical properties of a semiquinone radical. Kinetic profiles for Co(bpy)3(3+) reduction under continuous photolysis in the presence and absence of added ionophores indicated that transmembrane redox mediated by SP-AQ was electroneutral, but reaction by the other quinone-containing mediators was electrogenic. The minimal reaction mechanism suggested from the combined studies is oxidative quenching of vesicle-bound 3ZnTPPS4- by the anthraquinone unit, followed by either H+/e- cotransport by transmembrane diffusion of SP-AQH* or, for the other redox mediators, semiquinone anion-quinone electron exchange leading to net transmembrane electron transfer, with subsequent one-electron reduction of the internal Co(bpy)3(3+). Thermal one-electron reduction of Co(bpy)3(3+) by EDTA is energetically unfavorable; the photosensitized reaction therefore occurs with partial conversion of photonic energy to chemical and transmembrane electrochemical potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
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30
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Saalfrank RW, Scheurer A, Reimann U, Hampel F, Trieflinger C, Büschel M, Daub J, Trautwein AX, Schünemann V, Coropceanu V. Homo-/Heterotrinuclear Mixed-Valent Oxo-Centered Iron/Nickel Clusters—Mössbauer Studies on Internal Electron-Exchange Processes. Chemistry 2005; 11:5843-8. [PMID: 16041808 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In a one-pot reaction of N-(5-methylthiazole-2-yl)-thiazole-2-carboxamide HL2 (3) with iron(II) acetate in air, the homotrinuclear heteroleptic mixed-valent oxo-centered iron cluster [Fe(II)Fe(III)O(L2)3(OAc)3] (4) was formed. Exchange of iron(II) in 4 by nickel(II) afforded the heteronuclear cluster [Ni(II)Fe(III)O(L2)3(OAc)3] (6). To obtain crystals suitable for X-ray structure analyses, in 4 and 6, the OAc- co-ligands were exchanged by OBz- ligands to give [Fe(II)Fe2(III)O(L2)3(OBz)3] (5) and [Ni(II)Fe(III)O(L2)3(OBz)3] (7). The complexes 5 and 7 are isostructural and made up of three ditopic, tridentate ligands (L2)- and three bridging benzoate co-ligands, which fix the three metal ions in the corners of a triangle with an mu3-O2- ion in the center. The mixed-valent character of 4-7, their intramolecular electron-exchange processes, and their redox properties were studied by variable-temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf W Saalfrank
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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31
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Elangovan A, Kao KM, Yang SW, Chen YL, Ho TI, Su YO. Synthesis, Electronic Properties, and Electrochemiluminescence of Donor-Substituted Phenylethynylanthronitriles. J Org Chem 2005; 70:4460-9. [PMID: 15903325 DOI: 10.1021/jo0477953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new series of pi-conjugated donor-acceptor compounds (1-6) with inherent redox centers have been prepared and studied with respect to their electronic properties. The photophysical characteristics of these compounds have been studied in relation to their structures. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry were used to probe the ground-state electronic properties of the neutral and charged species. The observed electronic absorption properties of the neutral and charged molecules are explained with the help of frontier orbital structures and electrostatic potential maps obtained from density functional theory (DFT, B3LYP/6-31G) calculations. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of this series of donor-substituted phenylethynylanthronitriles with different donors was also studied. The structure-property relationship of all of the compounds is discussed.
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32
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Arunkumar E, Ajayaghosh A, Daub J. Selective Calcium Ion Sensing with a Bichromophoric Squaraine Foldamer. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:3156-64. [PMID: 15740155 DOI: 10.1021/ja045760e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several squaraine tethered bichromophoric podand systems 1a-d and a monochromophoric analogue 2 were prepared and characterized. Among these, the bichromophore, 1b, containing five oxygen atoms in the flexible podand moiety was found to specifically bind Ca(2+) in the presence of other metal ions such as K(+), Na(+), and Mg(2+). The selective binding of Ca(2+) is clear from the absorption and emission spectral changes as well as by the visual color change of 1b from light-blue to an intense purple-blue. Benesi-Hildebrand and Job plots confirmed a 1:1 binding between 1b and Ca(2+). Signaling of the binding event is achieved by the cation-induced folding of the bichromophore and the resultant exciton coupling between the squaraine chromophores. The monochromophoric squaraine dye 2 failed to give optical signals upon Ca(2+) binding, due to the absence of exciton interaction in the bound complex. Titration of the folded complex 9 with EDTA released the metal ion from the complex, thereby regaining the original absorption and emission properties of the bichromophore. The squaraine foldamer 1b reported here is the first example of a selective chromogenic Ca(2+) sensor, which works on the principle of exciton interaction in the folded Ca(2+) complex of a bichromophore, the optical properties of which are similar to those of the "H"-type aggregates of analogous squaraine dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Easwaran Arunkumar
- Photosciences and Photonics Division, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum - 695019, India
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33
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Malval JP, Morand JP, Lapouyade R, Rettig W, Jonusauskas G, Oberlé J, Trieflinger C, Daub J. Structural modelling of optical and electrochemical properties of 4-aminodiphenylamines – optoelectronic studies on a polyaniline repeating unit. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2004; 3:939-48. [PMID: 15480485 DOI: 10.1039/b406519k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amino-diphenylanilines and their planarized and twisted model compounds have been investigated by steady state and time-resolved absorption and emission, as well as by spectroelectrochemistry. These polyaniline model compounds show that the observation of excited states with full charge separation is linked to molecular twisting where the diaminobenzene is the donor and the phenyl group the acceptor. The observable charge transfer fluorescence shows the characteristic features of twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) excited states, i.e. forbidden emissive properties and strong solvatochromic red shift. The transient absorption spectrum of the TICT state matches the ground state absorption spectrum of the electrochemically produced radical cation of the molecule. This is the first example where excited-state properties of the neutral and ground state properties of the radical cation are directly linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Pierre Malval
- Laboratoire d'Analyse Chimique par Reconnaissance Moléculaire, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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34
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Büschel M, Ajayaghosh A, Arunkumar E, Daub J. Redox-switchable squaraines with extended conjugation. Org Lett 2003; 5:2975-8. [PMID: 12916959 DOI: 10.1021/ol034841x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The redox chemistry of pi-extended squaraines is investigated using cyclic voltammetry, in-situ spectroelectrochemistry and quantum chemical calculations. Squaraine 1 is reversibly oxidized to the radical cation and dication whereas reduction shows limited electrochemical but fully chemical reversibility. The radical cation of 1 reveals absorption bands at 1000 nm and a "two-band feature" at 1600 nm. Their implications on the intramolecular electron transfer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Büschel
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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35
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Jackson YA, Rajagopal D, Bendolph J, Guillory M, Lakshmikantham MV, Yang J, Cava MP. Thiophene isosteres of 9,10-dithioanthraquinone. Org Lett 2003; 5:1883-5. [PMID: 12762677 DOI: 10.1021/ol034419g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The preparation of 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione and its conversion to the corresponding mono- and dithione are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette A Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
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36
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Morgan JL, Flood AH, Gordon KC, Robinson BH, Simpson J. Rhenium carbonyl complexes of 2,6-diazaanthracene-9,10-dione(daad): spectroelectrochemistry of BrRe(CO)4daad. J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(03)00231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Temtsin-Krayz G, Shames AI, Bittner S. Radical decomposition of N,N-bis-(3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinon-2-yl) amine in basic conditions followed by EPR. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2003. [DOI: 10.1163/156856703764929985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Shen Z, Procházka R, Daub J, Fritz N, Acar N, Schneider S. Towards modelling light processes of blue-light photoreceptors. Pyrene–isoalloxazine (flavin)–phenothiazine triad: electrochemical, photophysical, investigations and quantum chemical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b301279d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Redl FX, Lutz M, Daub J. Chemistry of porphyrin-appended cellulose strands with a helical structure: spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and in situ circular dichroism spectroelectrochemistry. Chemistry 2001; 7:5350-8. [PMID: 11822435 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20011217)7:24<5350::aid-chem5350>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Around 100 porphyrin units have been selectively linked at C(6)-O to a cellulose (Avicel). The properties of the metal-free and zincated porphyrin-celluloses 2 and Zn-2 have been determined by optical and electrochemical methods. Circular dichroism indicates a helical arrangement of the porphyrin units and reveals intra-chain coupling reminiscent, in the broadest sense, of strands of nucleic acids. Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry have been used to characterize the radical ions and dianions. The electrochromism of the oxidation of cellulose 2 to porphyrin radical cations of 2 has been employed for both molecular switching and the transduction of an electrochemical input into chiroptical signal expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- F X Redl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Regensburg University, Germany
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40
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König B, Pelka M, Reichenbach-Klinke R, Schelter J, Daub J. A Model System for Flavoenzyme Activity − Binding of Flavin and Modulation of Its Redox Potentials through Coordination to a Lewis-Acidic Azamacrocyclic Zinc(II) Complex. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200106)2001:12<2297::aid-ejoc2297>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Daub J, Engl R, Kurzawa J, Miller SE, Schneider S, Stockmann A, Wasielewski MR. Competition between Conformational Relaxation and Intramolecular Electron Transfer within Phenothiazine−Pyrene Dyads. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0037293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Daub
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208- 3113
| | - R. Engl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208- 3113
| | - J. Kurzawa
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208- 3113
| | - S. E. Miller
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208- 3113
| | - S. Schneider
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208- 3113
| | - A. Stockmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208- 3113
| | - M. R. Wasielewski
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208- 3113
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42
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Mayor M, Büschel M, Fromm KM, Lehn JM, Daub J. Electron transfer through molecular bridges between reducible pentakis(thiophenyl)benzene subunits. Chemistry 2001; 7:1266-72. [PMID: 11322553 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010316)7:6<1266::aid-chem1266>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
"Dimers" 3, 4 and 7, which consist of two reducible pentakis(thiophenyl)benzene subunits linked by different molecular structures, have been synthesised as model compounds for reducible molecular-wire-type synthons to represent differences in the electron-transfer ability as a function of the bridging structure. The bridging units consist of para-divinylbenzene in 3, bis-hydrazone in 4 and diacetylene in 7. Their ability to transfer electrons from one reducible subunit to the other was investigated by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods and, in the case of 4 and 7, the solid-state structures support the experimental findings. The para-divinylbenzene bridge in 3 was found to completely isolate the reducible structures (Class I system). In contrast, the diacetylene bridge in 7 electronically connects the two reducible structures (Class III system) and, thus, demonstrates its potential application as a "molecular wire". The bis-hydrazone-linked compound 4 displayed only a low level of electronic connection between the subunits and was only observed in the spectroelectrochemical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mayor
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institut für Nanotechnologie, Germany.
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Rurack K, Kollmannsberger M, Daub J. Molecular Switching in the Near Infrared (NIR) with a Functionalized Boron-Dipyrromethene Dye. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:385-387. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010119)40:2<385::aid-anie385>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2000] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rurack K, Kollmannsberger M, Daub J. Molekulares Schalten im nahen Infrarot (NIR) mit einem funktionalisierten Bordipyrromethen-Farbstoff. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010119)113:2<396::aid-ange396>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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