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Shang Z, Lian Z, Li M, Han K, Zheng H. Machine-learning-assisted multi-objective optimization in vertical zone refining of ultra-high purity indium. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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2
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Mkhohlakali AC, Fuku X, Modibedi RM, Khotseng LE, Mathe MK. Electroformation of Pd‐modified Thin Film Electrocatalysts Using E‐ALD Technique. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Mkhohlakali
- Smart Places Energy Centre Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Pretoria 0012 South Africa
- Department of Chemistry University of the Western Cape, Bellville Cape Town South Africa
| | - X. Fuku
- Smart Places Energy Centre Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Pretoria 0012 South Africa
| | - R. M. Modibedi
- Smart Places Energy Centre Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Pretoria 0012 South Africa
| | - L. E. Khotseng
- Department of Chemistry University of the Western Cape, Bellville Cape Town South Africa
| | - M. K. Mathe
- Smart Places Energy Centre Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Pretoria 0012 South Africa
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Deposition of Sb2Se3 thin films on Pt substrate via electro-chemical atomic layer epitaxy (EC-ALE). J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fahrenkrug E, Rafson J, Lancaster M, Maldonado S. Concerted Electrodeposition and Alloying of Antimony on Indium Electrodes for Selective Formation of Crystalline Indium Antimonide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:9280-9287. [PMID: 28388079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The direct preparation of crystalline indium antimonide (InSb) by the electrodeposition of antimony (Sb) onto indium (In) working electrodes has been demonstrated. When Sb is electrodeposited from dilute aqueous electrolytes containing dissolved Sb2O3, an alloying reaction is possible between Sb and In if any surface oxide films are first thoroughly removed from the electrode. The presented Raman spectra detail the interplay between the formation of crystalline InSb and the accumulation of Sb as either amorphous or crystalline aggregates on the electrode surface as a function of time, temperature, potential, and electrolyte composition. Electron and optical microscopies confirm that under a range of conditions, the preparation of a uniform and phase-pure InSb film is possible. The cumulative results highlight this methodology as a simple yet potent strategy for the synthesis of intermetallic compounds of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Fahrenkrug
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jessica Rafson
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Mitchell Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Stephen Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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Chen Y, Wang L, Pradel A, Merlen A, Ribes M, Record MC. Underpotential deposition of selenium and antimony on gold. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ghosh R, Haldar A, Ghosh KK, Chakraborty R. Further enhancement of light extraction efficiency from light emitting diode using triangular surface grating and thin interface layer. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:919-926. [PMID: 25967806 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Analysis has been done of improvement of forward directional light extraction efficiency of light emitting diodes (LEDs) by surface patterning of different types of one-dimensional profiles on indium-zinc-oxide films developed recently by our group using sol-gel technique. Finite-difference time-domain simulations by MEEP software have been used for this purpose. From the analysis, it is found that the patterned film is suitable for near-infrared LED. The optimized structure, which gives maximum improvement at around 1.040 μm wavelength, is determined and fabricated using soft lithography. Further enhancement of the light output of the LED with the fabricated gratings is possible by introducing an interlayer within the top contact layer. The mathematical formulation of the coupling of light in structured/multilayered surfaces is also discussed.
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Gu J, Fahrenkrug E, Maldonado S. Analysis of the electrodeposition and surface chemistry of CdTe, CdSe, and CdS thin films through substrate-overlayer surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:10344-53. [PMID: 25105710 DOI: 10.1021/la502403q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The substrate-overlayer approach has been used to acquire surface enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) during and after electrochemical atomic layer deposition (ECALD) of CdSe, CdTe, and CdS thin films. The collected data suggest that SERS measurements performed with off-resonance (i.e. far from the surface plasmonic wavelength of the underlying SERS substrate) laser excitation do not introduce perturbations to the ECALD processes. Spectra acquired in this way afford rapid insight on the quality of the semiconductor film during the course of an ECALD process. For example, SERS data are used to highlight ECALD conditions that yield crystalline CdSe and CdS films. In contrast, SERS measurements with short wavelength laser excitation show evidence of photoelectrochemical effects that were not germane to the intended ECALD process. Using the semiconductor films prepared by ECALD, the substrate-overlayer SERS approach also affords analysis of semiconductor surface adsorbates. Specifically, Raman spectra of benzenethiol adsorbed onto CdSe, CdTe, and CdS films are detailed. Spectral shifts in the vibronic features of adsorbate bonding suggest subtle differences in substrate-adsorbate interactions, highlighting the sensitivity of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsi Gu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan , 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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Chen Y, Wang L, Pradel A, Ribes M, Record MC. A voltammetric study of the underpotential deposition of cobalt and antimony on gold. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Hydrogen sorption properties of bare and Rh-modified Pd nanofilms grown via surface limited redox replacement reactions. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schlaup C, Horch S. Study of underpotential deposited Cu layers on Pt(111) and their stability against CO and CO2 in perchloric acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:19659-64. [PMID: 24131953 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52649f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The underpotential deposition (UPD) of copper on a Pt(111) electrode and the influence of gas coadsorbates, i.e. CO and CO2, on the thus deposited copper layer were studied in a 0.1 M HClO4 electrolyte by means of EC-STM. By UPD, an atomically flat Cu layer is formed, which exhibits a pseudomorphic (1 × 1) structure. However, it contains several point defects due to which its total coverage is less than a monolayer, in agreement with the measured charge density in the CV curves. Upon exposure to a CO-saturated solution the pseudomorphic structure collapses to a coalescent structure with many vacancy islands. This phase transition is induced by the preferential binding of CO to the Pt(111) surface. In contrast, CO2, which binds stronger to copper, does not affect the pseudomorphic structure of the Cu layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schlaup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Jia L, kou H, Jiang Y, Yu S, Li J, Wang C. Electrochemical deposition semiconductor ZnSe on a new substrate CNTs/PVA and its photoelectrical properties. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chung Y, Lee CW. Electrochemically Fabricated Alloys and Semiconductors Containing Indium. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2012. [DOI: 10.5229/jecst.2012.3.3.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Xiao C, Yang J, Zhu W, Peng J, Zhang J. Electrodeposition and characterization of Bi2Se3 thin films by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE). Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gu C, Xu H, Park M, Shannon C. Synthesis of metal-semiconductor core-shell nanoparticles using electrochemical surface-limited reactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:410-414. [PMID: 19063617 DOI: 10.1021/la8026607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of Au/CuI and Au/CdS core-shell nanoparticle (NP) thin films using codeposition and electrochemical atomic layer deposition (EC-ALD). Au nanoparticle films were prepared on glassy carbon supports by depositing alternating layers of poly(diallyl dimethylammonium)-stabilized Au nanoparticles and CoP(2)W(17)O(61)(8-) polyoxometallate interlayers. From there, CuI was deposited onto the surface of Au nanoparticles using electrochemical atomic layer deposition, while CdS films were grown by an atom-by-atom codeposition method. The semiconductor-Au core-shell nanoparticles were characterized by electrochemistry, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Our results indicate that the semiconductors deposit onto the AuNP surface by surface limited electrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaokang Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, USA
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Zhang X, Shi X, Wang C. Optimization of electrochemical aspects for epitaxial depositing nanoscale ZnSe thin films. J Solid State Electrochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-008-0587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhu W, Yang JY, Zhou DX, Xiao CJ, Duan XK. Electrochemical aspects and structure characterization of VA-VIA compound semiconductor Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattice thin films via electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:5919-5924. [PMID: 18452317 DOI: 10.1021/la8001064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper concerns the electrochemical atom-by-atom growth of VA-VIA compound semiconductor thin film superlattice structures using electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy. The combination of the Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 programs and Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 thin film superlattice with 18 periods, where each period involved 21 cycles of Bi2Te3 followed by 21 cycles of Sb2Te3, is reported here. According to the angular distance between the satellite and the Bragg peak, a period of 23 nm for the superlattice was indicated from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum. An overall composition of Bi 0.25Sb0.16Te0.58, suggesting the 2:3 stoichiometric ratio of total content of Bi and Sb to Te, as expected for the format of the Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 compound, was further verified by energy dispersive X-ray quantitative analysis. Both field-emission scanning electron microscopy and XRD data indicated the deposit grows by a complex mechanism involving some 3D nucleation and growth in parallel with underpotential deposition. The optical band gap of the deposited superlattice film was determined as 0.15 eV by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and depicts an allowed direct type of transition. Raman spectrum observation with annealed and unannealed superlattice sample showed that the LIF mode has presented, suggesting a perfect AB/CB bonding in the superlattice interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu W, Yang J, Zhou D, Xiao C, Duan X. Development of growth cycle for antimony telluride film on Au (111) disk by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Zhu W, Yang J, Zhou D, Xiao C, Duan X. Electrochemical atom-by-atom growth of highly uniform thin sheets of thermoelectric bismuth telluride via the route of ECALE. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Electrochemical characterization of the underpotential deposition of tellurium on Au electrode. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Venkatasamy V, Jayaraju N, Cox S, Thambidurai C, Happek U, Stickney J. Optimization of CdTe nanofilm formation by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (EC-ALE). J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-006-9182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Venkatasamy V, Mathe MK, Cox SM, Happek U, Stickney JL. Optimization studies of HgSe thin film deposition by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (EC-ALE). Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang J, Zhu W, Gao X, Bao S, Fan X, Duan X, Hou J. Formation and Characterization of Sb2Te3 Nanofilms on Pt by Electrochemical Atomic Layer Epitaxy. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:4599-604. [PMID: 16526690 DOI: 10.1021/jp0565498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A nanocrystalline Sb2Te3 VA-VIA group compound thin film was grown via the route of electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) in this work for the first time. The electrochemical behavior of Te and Sb on Pt, Te on Sb-covered Pt, and Sb on Te-covered Pt was studied by methods of cyclic voltammetry, anode potentiodynamic scanning, and coulometry. A steady deposition of the Sb2Te3 compound could be attained after negatively stepped adjusting of the UPD potentials of Sb and Te on Pt in each of the first 40 depositing cycles. The structure of the deposit was proven to be the Sb2Te3 compound by X-ray diffraction. The 2:3 stoichiometric ratio of Sb to Te was verified by EDX quantitative analysis, which is consistent with the result of coulometric analysis. A nanocystalline microstructure was observed for the Sb2Te3 deposits, and the average grain size is about 20 nm. Cross-sectional SEM observation shows an interface layer about 19 nm in thickness sandwiched between the Sb2Te3 nanocrystalline deposit and the Pt substrate surface. The optical band gap of the deposited Sb2Te3 film was determined as 0.42 eV by FTIR spectroscopy and it is blueshifted in comparison with that of the bulk Sb2Te3 single crystal because of its nanocrystalline microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyou Yang
- State Key Lab for Plastic Forming Simulation and Dies & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P R China.
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Zhu W, Yang J, Hou J, Gao X, Bao S, Fan X. Optimization of the formation of bismuth telluride thin film by using ECALE. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Gómez H, Henrı́quez R, Schrebler R, Riveros G, Leinen D, Ramos-Barrado J, Dalchiele E. A soft-solution electrochemical processing technique for preparing CdTe/n-Si(100) heterostructures. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rabchynski SM, Ivanou DK, Streltsov EA. Photoelectrochemical formation of indium and cadmium selenide nanoparticles through Se electrode precursor. Electrochem commun 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2004.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Quantum confinement in PbSe thin films electrodeposited by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (EC-ALE). Electrochim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2003.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vaidyanathan R, Stickney JL, Cox SM, Compton SP, Happek U. Formation of In2Se3 thin films and nanostructures using electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(03)00053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Formation of the first monolayers of CdTe on Au(111) by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (EC-ALE): studied by LEED, Auger, XPS, and in-situ STM. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(02)00649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Torimoto T, Takabayashi S, Mori H, Kuwabata S. Photoelectrochemical activities of ultrathin lead sulfide films prepared by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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